Heat Exchangers

Abdelhanine Benallou is a former professor at the École Supérieure des Mines, Rabat. He has managed companies in the fields of renewable energy, rational use of energy, decentralized rural electrification and environmental protection.

Introduction xi

Chapter 1 Available Technologies 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 The simplest form of heat exchanger: single-tube or coaxial 1

1.3 Shell-and-tube heat exchangers 2

1.4 Coil-in-tank heat exchangers 3

1.5 Compact heat exchangers 5

1.6 Rotary regenerative heat exchangers 15

1.7 Phase-change heat exchangers 16

1.8 Heat exchangers for power electronics 23

Chapter 2 Tubular Heat Exchanger Design 33

2.1 Introduction 33

2.2 Coaxial tubular heat exchangers 34

2.3 Tubular coil-in-tank heat exchangers 34

2.4 Multitube heat exchanger technology 36

2.5 Flow in a tubular heat exchanger 46

2.6 Position of transverse baffles and flow parameters 48

2.7 Calculation of the Reynolds number for flow in the shell 54

3 Compact Heat Exchanger Design 59

3.1 Introduction 59

3.2 General parameters of compact heat exchangers 60

3.3 Finned-tube compact heat exchanger technology and design 62

3.4 Plate-fin heat exchanger technology and design 67

3.5 Plate heat exchanger technology and design 73

3.6 Spiral heat exchanger technology 81

3.7 Printed-circuit heat exchanger technology and design 84

3.8 New developments in compact heat exchangers 89

Chapter 4 Heat Exchanger Selection, and Sizing Parameters 91

4.1 Introduction 91

4.2 Choosing the type of heat exchanger to be used 92

4.3 Selection of fluid circuits: which fluid for what side? 96

4.4 Choosing the flow configuration 97

4.5 Illustration: choosing a heat exchanger and determining its thermal schedule 97

4.6 Sizing, a complex problem 99

Chapter 5 Sizing Methods 109

5.1 Introduction 109

5.2 Analysis of temperature profiles in an exchanger 110

5.3 Overall heat transfer coefficient 112

5.4 Illustration: overall heat transfer coefficient for a fouled exchanger 119

5.5 Calculation of the heat flux transferred 122

5.6 Method based on the calculation of efficiency: NTU method 124

5.7 Method based on logarithmic mean temperature difference 138

Chapter 6 Sizing Algorithms for Heat Exchangers 153

6.1 Introduction 153

6.2 Principle of heat exchanger sizing 154

6.3 Calculation algorithm for multitube heat exchangers 155

6.4 Illustration: implementation of the shell-and-tube algorithm 162

6.5 Calculation algorithm for cross-flow heat exchangers 175

6.6 Illustration: sizing of car radiators 185

6.7 Calculation algorithm for plate heat exchangers 197

6.8 Illustration: implementation of the plate heat exchanger algorithm 202

6.9 Calculation algorithm for spiral heat exchangers 211

6.10 Illustration: implementation of the spiral heat exchanger algorithm 213

6.11 Calculation algorithm for printed-circuit heat exchangers 221

6.12 Illustration: implementation of the PCHE calculation algorithm 225

Appendices 233

Appendix 1 Database 235

Appendix 2 Calculation of Convection Heat Transfer Coefficients in Exchangers 269

Appendix 3 Calculation of Pressure Drops in Exchangers 299

Appendix 4 Fouling of Heat Exchangers 315

Appendix 5 Nomenclature 321

References 327

Index 339