Sex and Gender Factors Affecting Metabolic Homeostasis, Diabetes and Obesity

Franck Mauvais-Jarvis, MD, PhD, is Director of the Diabetes Discovery Research & Gender Medicine Laboratory, and Professor of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.

Introduction to sex and gender factors affecting metabolic homeostasis, diabetes and obesity.- Part I. Sex differences in diabetes and obesity.- Epidemiology of sex differences in diabetes and obesity.- Sex differences in body composition.- Cellular Mechanisms driving sex differences in adipose tissue biology and body shape in humans and mouse models.- Men are from Mars and women are from Venus: Sex differences in insulin action and secretion.- The role of sex and sex hormones in regulating obesity-induced inflammation.- Sex differences in leptin regulation of cardiovascular function in health and metabolic diseases.- Sex effects at the ramparts: Nutrient- and microbe-mediated regulation of the immune-metabolic interface.- Sexual dimorphism of estrogen action in mouse liver.- Sex differences in muscle wasting.- Origins and functions of the ventrolateral VMH - An organized neuronal cluster orchestrating sex differences in metabolism and behavior. Holly Ingraham, William Krause.- Part II. Role of estrogens in metabolic homeostasis.- Menopause, estrogens and glucose homeostasis in women.- Role of estrogens in the regulation of liver lipid metabolism.- The role of skeletal muscle estrogen receptors in metabolic homeostasis and insulin sensitivity.- Estrogens and body weight regulation in men.- Estradiol regulation of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis.- Brain estrogens and feeding behavior.- Sex differences and role of estradiol in hypoglycemia-associated counter-regulation.-The role of estrogens in pancreatic islet physiopathology.- Nuclear and membrane actions of estrogen receptor- : contribution to the regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis.- G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) and sex-specific metabolic homeostasis.- Gender-dependent role of steroid sulfatase and estrogen sulfotransferase in metabolic homeostasis.- Part III. Impact of of androgens in metabolic homeostasis and disease.- Negative impact of testosterone deficiency and 5 -reductase inhibitors therapy on metabolic and sexual dysfunction in men.- Testosterone therapy and glucose homeostasis in men with testosterone deficiency (Hypogonadism).- Sex differences in androgen regulation of metabolism in nonhuman primates.- Prenatal Testosterone programming of insulin resistance in the female sheep.- The role of androgen excess in metabolic dysfunction in women.- Part IV. Transgender biology and metabolism.- Sex, gender, and transgender: Metabolic impact of cross hormone therapy.