Advanced Biological Processes for Wastewater Treatment (eBook)

1. Prof. Dr. Marcia Dezotti is full professor of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. She obtained her D.Sc. degree from the State University of Campinas in 1992 and a post-doc at North Carolina State University in 2011/2012. She works with advanced oxidation processes, biological treatment of wastewaters and micropollutants, including estrogens. She has more than 80 peer-reviewed papers published in indexed journals. She was advisor of 29 PhD thesis and 41 MSc. She won important awards in Brazil. She has international connections with University of Barcelona, University of Porto, TUDelft, Harvard University, among others. She has HH index of 22 with more than 1,500 citations.   2. Prof. Dr. Geraldo Lippel Sant’Anna Jr. is full professor of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. He got his D.Sc. degree at the National Institute of Applied Sciences (INSA) of Toulouse, France, in 1980. Retired since 2008 from the university, he still participates in technical and academic projects besides his activity as consulting engineer. He published a book on Biological Wastewater Treatment in 2010, whose second edition was recently published (2013). He has published more than 75 peer-reviewed papers and since 2006 is a member of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences.   3. Prof. Dr. João Paulo Bassin is chemical engineer and got his PhD degree at the Technical University of Delft, Holland, and D.Sc. degree at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, both in 2012. He works with biofilm processes for biological wastewater treatment and molecular techniques to elucidate microbial diversity of the bioreactors. Nowadays he is Associate Professor at the Chemical Engineering Program (COPPE) at Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.

Chapter 1. Introduction

1.1. References

 

Chapter 2. Membrane Bioreactors – MBR

2.1. Introduction

2.2. Types of membrane bioreactors

2.3. Current stage technology

2.4. Fouling in MBRs

2.4.1. Operational factors

2.4.2. Fouling formation in MBRs

2.4.3. Extracellular polymeric substances and soluble microbial products

2.4.4. Operating modes and fouling control

2.5. Activated carbon in MBRs

2.6. MBBR-MBR

2.7. Future advances of the MBR technology

2.8. References

 

Chapter 3. Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor – MBBR

3.1. Context and introduction to MBBR process

3.2. MBBR working principles

3.3. Supports used in MBBR systems

3.4. Operational aspects

3.4.1. Filling ratio (VS/VR) or filling fraction (%)

3.4.2. MBBR hydrodynamics

3.4.3. Dissolved oxygen

3.4.4. Biofilm formation on biomedias

3.4.5. Extracellular polymeric substances (exopolymers)

3.5. MBBR applications

3.5.1. MBBR application on organic matter removal

3.5.2. MBBR application on nitrogen removal (Nitrification/Denitrification)

3.5.3. Microscopic observations of the biofilm

3.6. Final considerations

3.7. References

 

Chapter 4. Aerobic granulation technology (Aerobic Granular Sludge) 

4.1. Introduction

4.2. General characteristics of granular sludge technology

4.3. Aerobic grain formation process

4.4. Factors affecting aerobic granulation 

4.4.1. Settling time

4.4.2. Growth rate of microorganisms 

4.4.3. Feeding strategy

4.4.4. Dissolved oxygen and intensity of aeration 

4.4.5. Cycle time

4.4.6. Reactor configuration

4.4.7. Substrate composition and concentration (Applied Organic Load)

4.4.8. Sludge used as inoculum

4.4.9. Temperature 

4.4.10. pH

4.4.11. Adding divalent cations

4.5. Case studies involving the formation of aerobic grains

4.6. Conversion process in aerobic grains

4.7. Aerobic granules application in wastewater treatment

4.8. Final considerations and future perspectives 

4.9. References

 

Chapter 5. New Processes to Nitrogen Biological Removal

5.1. Introduction

5.2. New processes for biological nitrogen removal

5.2.1. Introduction

5.2.2. Anammox process

5.2.3. NOX processes

5.3. Final considerations

5.6. References

 

Chapter 6. Molecular Biology Techniques Applied to the Study of Microbial Diversity Wastewater Treatment Systems

6.1. Introduction

6.1.1. Microbial diversity

6.1.2. Basic concepts of genetics

6.2. Principles and molecular biology techniques concepts applied to the study of microbial diversity

6.2.1. Introduction to molecular biology techniques

6.2.2. PCR

6.2.3. DGGE

6.2.4. Cloning and sequencing

6.2.5. FISH (Fluorescent hybridization in situ )

6.2.6. Alternative methods applied in the study of microbial diversity

6.2.7. Advanced and high-throughput sequencing methods

6.3. Application of molecular biology techniques in wastewater treatment

6.3.1. Introduction to and contextualization of the subject

6.3.2. Application of molecular biology techniques to study microbial communities of wastewater treatment systems

6.4. Final considerations

6.5. References