The Fungal Kingdom

Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

Section 1: Fungal Branches on the Eukaryotic Tree of Life


1. Realm and Classification of the Fungal Kingdom


Joseph Spatafora, John Taylor, and Rytas Vilgalys


2. What Fungal Traits Matter and How They Evolve


Lazlo Nagy and Tim James


3. What Defines the "Kingdom" Fungi?


Thomas Richards


4. Fungal Diversity Revisited: 2.2 to 3.8 Million Species


David Hawksworth, Robert Lucking, and Paul Kirk


5. Microsporidia: Obligate Intracellular Pathogens within the Fungal Kingdom Realm


Louis Weiss


Section 2: Life of Fungi


6. Fungal Sex: The Ascomycota


Richard Bennett and Gillian Turgeon


7. Fungal Sex: The Basidiomycota


Marco A. Coelho et al.


8. Fungal Sex: The Mucoromycota


Alex Idnurm and Soo Chan Lee


9. Sex and the Imperfect Fungi


Paul Dyer and Ulrich Kuck


10. Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Cell Fusion and Heterokaryon Formation in Filamentous Fungi


Jens Heller et al.


11. Cell Biology of Fungal Growth


Gero Steinberg and Meritxell Riquelme


12. The Fungal Cell Wall: Structure, Biosynthesis, and Function


Carol Munro and Neil Gow


13. Fungal Ecology: Principles of Competition and Colonization by Saprotrophic Fungi


Lynne Boddy and Jennifer Hiscox


Section 3: Fungal Ecology


14. Long-Distance Dispersal of Fungi


Jacob Golan and Anne Pringle


15. The Geomycology of Elemental Cycling and Transformations in the Environment


Geoffrey Gadd


16. Ecology of Fungal Plant Pathogens


Aad Termorshuizen


17. Key Ecological Roles for Zoosporic True Fungi in Aquatic Habitats


Frank H. Gleason et al.


Section 4: How Fungi Sense Their Environment


18. The Mycelium as a Network


Mark Fricker and Lynne Boddy


19. Nutrient Sensing


Mark Johnston et al.


20. The Complexity of Fungal Vision


Luis Corrochano and Reinhard Fischer


21. Stress Sensing


Alistair J.P. Brown et al.


22. Thigmo Responses: The Fungal Sense of Touch


Alexandra Brand and Mariana Cruz Almeida


23. Melanin, Radiation, and Energy Transduction in Fungi


Arturo Casadevall et al.


24. Marking Time: Conservation of Biological Clocks from Fungi to Animals


Jennifer Loros and Jay Dunlap


Section 5: Fungal Genetics and Genomics as Models for Biology


25. Target of Rapamycin (TOR) Regulates Growth in Response to Nutritional Signals


Ronit Weisman


26. Fungal Cell Cycle: A Unicellular versus Multicellular Comparison


Ilkay Doerter and Michelle Momany


27. A Matter of Scale and Dimensions: Chromatin of Chromosome Landmarks in the Fungi


Allyson A. Erlendson, Steven Friedman and Michael Freitag


28. Fungal Ploidy Changes


Anna Selmecki


29. Fungal Genomes and Insights into the Evolution of the Kingdom


Jason Stajich


30. Sources of Fungal Genetic Variation and Associating It with Phenotypic Diversity


John Taylor


31. RNAi in Fungi: Retention and Loss


Victoriano Garre and Francisco Nicolas


32. Fungal Prions


Daniel Jarosz, Heather True-Krob, and Sven Saupe


33. Repeat-Induced Point Mutation and Other Genome Defense Mechanisms in Fungi


Eugene Gladyshev


34. Plant Pathogenic Fungi


Gunther Doehlemann and Amir Sharon


Section 6: Fungal Interactions with Plants: Impact on Agriculture and the Biosphere


35. The Mutualistic Interaction between Plants and Mycorrhizal Fungi


Luisa Lanfranco, Andrea Genre, and Paola Bonfante


36. Lichenized Fungi and the Evolution of Symbiotic Organization


Mats Wedin and Martin Grube


37. Role of Effectors in Plant Disease


Richard Oliver and Pierre de Wit


38. Emerging Fungal Threats to Plants and Animals Challenge Agriculture and Ecosystem Resilience


Helen Fones, Matt Fisher, and Sarah Gurr


39. Fungi That Infect Humans


Julia Koehler et al.


Section 7: Fungi and the Human Host


40. The Mycobiome: Impact on Health and Disease States


Mahmoud Ghannoum and Pat Seed


41. Skin Fungi from Colonization to Infection


Sybren de Hoog et al.


42. Fungal Biofilms and Human Disease


Aaron Mitchell and Katherine S. Lagree


43. How the Vertebrate Immune System Recognizes and Attacks Fungi


Gordon Brown et al.


44. Antifungal Drugs: The Current Armamentarium and Development of New Agents


Gerard Wright, Nicole Robbins, and Leah Cowen


45. The Insect Pathogens


Ray St. Leger and Brian Lovett


Section 8: Fungal Interactions with Animals (Fungi, Insects, and Nematodes) and Other Microbes


46. Made for Each Other: Ascomycete Yeasts and Insects


Meredith Blackwell and Fred Dietrich


47. Nematode-Trapping Fungi


Xiangzhi Jiang, Meichun Xiang, and Xingzhong Liu


48. Host-Microsporidia Interactions in the Nematode Caenorhabiditis elegans


Emily Troemel


49. Bacterial Endosymbionts: Master Modulators of Fungal Phenotypes


Sarah J. Araldi-Brondolo et al.


50. Necrotrophic Mycoparasites and Their Genomes


Magnus Karlsson et al.


51. Lignin from Lignocellulose: Ligninolytic Enzymes and Applications of Lignin and Ligninolytic Enzymes


Scott Baker and Ronald de Vries


52. Fungal Enzymes and Yeasts for Conversion of Plant Biomass to Bioenergy and Higher Value Products


Gustavo Goldman and Lene Lange


Section 9: Fungi: Technology and Natural Products


53. Fungi as a Source of Food


Joelle Dupont et al.


54. Biologically Active Secondary Metabolites from the Fungi


Gerald Bills and James Gloer