Visual Dysfunction in Diabetes

Introduction.- Diabetic Retinopathy – what we know, don’t know, and need to know.- A Patient’s viewpoint.- What patients with diabetes see—and don’t see: subjective and objective visual function changes.- How do I know I have diabetic retinopathy – a clinician’s view?.- Epidemiology & Economics.- Correlation between the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy in families with diabetes.- Increasing public awareness of the diabetes endemic.- Nutrition and diabetes.- Diabetic retinopathy screening – progress and complications.- Measurements of retinal blood flow, vascular leakage, and oxygenation.- Optical imaging - Confocal microscopy to detect retinal vasculature.- Structural imaging – OCT.- Functional imaging - ERG.- Clinical phenotypes (reclassification).- Vascular changes.- Neuronal changes.- Inflammatory changes.- Other Ocular Complications of Diabetes.- New insights in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy using a proteomic approach – Retina.- Vitreous proteomics.- Genomics.- Genome-wide linkage analyses to identify Loci for diabetic retinopathy.- Risk Factors.- Diabetic retinopathy correlates with increased incidence of cardiovascular events.- Pregnancy and rate of progression of diabetic retinopathy.- Molecular Mechanisms that Could Trigger Visual Dysfunction in Diabetes.- Introduction.- Inflammation in the early pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy —beauty and beast.- Oxidative stress and diabetic retinopathy.- Glucose induced cellular signaling in diab

etic retinopathy.- The AGE/RAGE axis in early diabetic retinopathy.- Proteases and the retinal vasculature (and maybe the whole retina!).- IGFBP3 and retinal vessel growth.- PEDF, VEGF, CTGF review.- A decrease in the expression of somatostatin is an early event in diabetic retinopathy.- Connective tissue and connective tissue growth factor in diabetic retinopathy.- Molecular regulation of endothelial cell tight junctions and the blood retinal barrier.- Pericytes and diabetic retinopathy.- Leukostasis.- Adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes.- Azurocidin as a Permeability Factor in the Retina.- Retinal arteriolar hemodynamic response to a combined isocapnic hyperoxia and glucose.- Provocation in early sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy.- Urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in diabetic retinopathy patients.- Tyrosine nitration in the molecular mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy.