Applications in Electronics Pervading Industry, Environment and Society (eBook)

Preface 6
Contents 8
Energy and Environment 12
Long-Range Radio for Underground Sensors in Geothermal Energy Systems 13
Abstract 13
1 Introduction 13
2 System Architecture 15
2.1 Depth Board (DB) 16
2.2 Surface Board (SB) 16
3 Experimental Results 18
4 Conclusion 20
Acknowledgements 20
References 20
Embedding Monitoring Systems for Cured-In-Place Pipes 22
Abstract 22
1 Introduction 22
1.1 Flow Measurement Principle 23
2 System Overview 23
2.1 Bus Sensor and Installation 24
3 Test Setting and Results 25
4 Conclusions 27
Acknowledgements 27
References 27
Delay Tolerant Wireless Sensor Network for Animal Monitoring: The Pink Iguana Case 28
1 Introduction 28
2 Related Work 29
2.1 Animal Tracking Technology 29
2.2 Animal Monitoring Networks and Devices 29
3 Network Scenario 30
4 WSN Node Design 31
4.1 Device Requirements 31
4.2 Components 31
5 Power Management 32
5.1 Energy Budget 32
5.2 Energy Harvesting Design 32
6 Transmission Band Selection 33
6.1 433 Versus 868MHz 33
6.2 Wireless Coverage 34
7 Conclusions 35
References 35
Low Dose-Rate, High Total Dose Set-Up for Rad-Hard CMOS I/O Circuits Testing 37
Abstract 37
1 Introduction 37
2 RHBD ESD Protections 38
3 RHBD I/O Circuits Design 39
4 Test-Chip Design 40
5 Tests Campaign Planning 41
6 Expected Results and Discussion 42
Acknowledgements 43
References 43
Engaging Self-powered Environmental Sensors via Serious Gaming 44
Abstract 44
1 Introduction 44
1.1 EGD’s Topology and Game Mechanics 45
2 The Energy Generating Device 45
2.1 Electromechanical Generator 46
2.2 Power Management and Energy Storage 47
2.3 Controller 47
3 Results and Discussion 48
4 Conclusions 50
Acknowledgements 50
References 50
Flora Monitoring with a Plant-Microbial Fuel Cell 51
Abstract 51
1 Introduction 51
2 Experimental Results 55
3 Conclusions and Future Works 57
Acknowledgements 57
References 57
Automotive 59
Developing ICT Solutions for Dynamic Charging of Electric Vehicles 60
Abstract 60
1 Introduction 60
2 Overall System Architecture 61
3 Description of the Systems 62
3.1 Charging Infrastructure 62
3.2 Backend 63
3.3 Load Balancing 64
3.4 Lane Keeping System 65
4 Conclusions and Future Work 66
Acknowledgements 66
References 66
Maximizing Power Transfer for Dynamic Wireless Charging Electric Vehicles 68
Abstract 68
1 Introduction 68
2 IPT Fundamentals 69
3 Sensor Fusion Alignment System 72
4 Conclusions and Future Work 73
Acknowledgements 73
References 74
A Serious Game Architecture for Green Mobility 75
Abstract 75
1 Introduction 75
2 TEAM Applications 76
3 Serious Game System Architecture 76
3.1 Virtual Coins 78
3.2 Competitions 78
3.3 Snake and Ladders 80
4 Field Test Scenario and Results 81
5 Conclusion and Outlook 84
References 85
Design and Implementation of an Electronic Control Unit for a CFR Bi-Fuel Spark Ignition Engine 86
Abstract 86
1 Introduction 87
1.1 Engine Control Unit Specifications 87
2 ECU Hardware Features 88
2.1 ECU User Interface 89
2.2 Engine Management 89
3 Experimental Results 91
4 Conclusions 93
References 93
Testing of DC/DC Converters for 48V Electric Vehicles 95
1 Introduction 95
2 48V DC/DC Converter Architectures 96
3 Testing Plan 98
3.1 Microcontroller Block 98
3.2 Parameters Under Test 99
4 Test Setup and Results 99
5 Conclusions 101
References 101
Miscellaneous 102
Wake up for Power Line Communication in Street Lighting Networks 103
Abstract 103
1 Introduction 103
2 Wake up System 104
3 Effect of Street Lighting Elements on Transmitted Signal 105
3.1 Effect of Line Impedance 105
3.2 Effect of Lamp Ballast 106
4 Simulation of Street Lighting Network for the Best Routing Method 107
4.1 Simulation of the Whole Network 107
4.2 Result of Various Simulations 108
5 Conclusion 110
References 110
High Resolution Time Domain Reflectometry for Dielectric State Monitoring in High Voltage Cables 112
Abstract 112
1 Introduction 112
2 TDR Theory of Operation 113
3 System Implementation 114
4 Experimental Results 116
5 Conclusions 117
References 118
A Calorimetry Based System for Measuring the Power Losses of Switching Power Devices 119
Abstract 119
1 Introduction 119
2 Apparatus 120
3 PTAT-Based Heat-Flux Sensor 121
4 Measurement and Results 122
5 Conclusions 124
References 124
ZnO-rGO Composite Thin Film Resistive Switching Device: Emulating Biological Synapse Behavior 125
1 Introduction 125
2 Material and Method 126
3 Results 127
4 Application: Emulating Biological Synaptic Behavior 129
5 Conclusion 129
References 130
Embedded System for Prosthetic Interface Mapping of Lower Limbs Amputees 132
1 Introduction 132
2 State of the Art 133
3 Sensing Interface Design 134
4 Results 135
5 Conclusions 138
References 138
Wideband mmWave Antenna for Wireless Network-On-Chip/Network-On-Board Communications 140
Abstract 140
1 Introduction 140
2 Antenna Topology 141
3 Antenna Performance 142
4 Comparison to the State-of-the-Art 143
5 Conclusions 144
References 144
Failure Effect Analysis of Patch-Clamp Electronic Instrumentation in Electrophysiology Experiments 146
Abstract 146
1 Introduction 146
2 The Patch-Clamp Technique: System and Experiments 148
3 Electronic System Degradation Analysis 149
4 Experimental Results 149
5 Conclusions 152
References 152
ICs and Memories 153
Performance Evaluation of Non Volatile Memories with a Low Cost and Portable Automatic Test Equipment 154
Abstract 154
1 Introduction 154
2 The Test System 156
3 Experimental Results 157
4 Conclusion 159
Acknowledgements 159
References 159
An Emulator for Approximate Memory Platforms Based on QEmu 160
1 Introduction 160
2 Definition of the Emulated Architecture 161
3 Error Injection Model 162
3.1 Error on Access 162
3.2 Spontaneuos Errors 163
3.3 Looseness Mask 163
4 Results on a Case of Study 163
5 Conclusions 165
References 166
Failure Analysis of Plastic Packages for Low-Power ICs 167
Abstract 167
1 Introduction 167
2 Package Trends 167
3 Fault Tree and Fault Distribution Analysis 168
4 Failure Type Analysis 170
4.1 Bonding Failure 170
4.2 Au–Al Bonding 170
4.3 Cu–Al Bonding 170
4.4 Popcorn Effect 171
4.5 Different CTE 172
4.6 BGA and QFP Failures 172
5 Conclusions 173
References 173
Smart Cities 174
Towards a Virtual Reality Interactive Application for Truck Traffic Access Management 175
Abstract 175
1 Introduction 175
2 Point Cloud Processing and 3D Model Selection 176
3 Image Processing and Texture Extraction 177
4 Virtual 3D Environment 179
5 Performance Analysis 180
6 Conclusions and Future Work 181
References 181
A Contactless, Energy-Neutral Power Meter for Smart City Applications 183
1 Introduction 183
2 System Description 184
3 Experimental Results 187
4 Conclusion 188
References 188
Signal Processing and Communications 189
Emerging Applications of Whispering Gallery Mode Photonic Resonators 190
Abstract 190
1 Introduction 190
2 Overview of Photonic WGM Resonators 191
3 Space Application 192
4 Health-Care and Environmental Applications 194
5 Conclusions 194
References 195
Compressive Sensing Reconstruction for Complex System: A Hardware/Software Approach 197
1 Introduction 197
2 A Brief Summary on Reconstruction Algorithm 198
3 OMP Algorithm Acceleration 200
3.1 Hardware Implementation 200
4 Experimental Results 202
5 Conclusion and Future Works 204
References 204
Experimental Evaluation of 3D Ultrasound Palmprint Recognition Techniques Based on Curvature Methods and Under Skin Principal Lines 206
Abstract 206
1 Introduction 206
2 Ultrasound Imaging 207
3 Templates Extraction from 3D Information 208
3.1 Curvature Methods 208
3.2 Under Skin Principal Lines 209
4 Recognition Results 210
5 Conclusion 211
References 211
RFID Eavesdropping Using SDR Platforms 213
1 Introduction 213
2 Reverse Engineering 214
2.1 Attack Context 215
2.2 Temporal Analysis 215
3 Platform Description 215
4 RFID Eavesdropping: Signal Recording 217
5 PICC Signal Demodulation 217
6 PCD Signal Demodulation 218
7 Conclusion 218
References 219
Non Destructive Ultrasound Equipment to Evaluate the Concrete Compressive Strength 220
Abstract 220
1 Introduction 220
2 The System 221
3 Experiments 223
4 Conclusion 225
References 225
Pulse Compression: From Radar to Real-Time Ultrasound Systems 226
Abstract 226
1 Introduction 226
2 Methods 227
2.1 ULA-OP Real-Time Processing 227
2.2 Experimental Setup 229
3 Experimental Test 230
4 Discussion and Conclusion 231
Acknowledgements 231
References 231