Genesis of Diamonds and Associated Phases (eBook)

PrefaceIntroduction1. Earth’s mantle mineralogy of diamond and associated phases1.1. Natural data for syngenetic inclusions in diamonds1.1.1. Mineralogy of primary inclusions in upper-mantle diamonds1.1.2. Mineralogy of primary inclusions in transition-zone and lower-mantle “super-deep” diamonds 1.2. Xenoliths of diamond-bearing rocks in kimberlites1.3. Estimations of diamond-parent media at pre-experimental period2. High-pressure experimental mineralogy of diamond genesis2.1. Main results of testing experiments on diamond-parent media and their influence on genetic mineralogy of diamond2.2. Physicochemical experiments as the basis for the genetic mineralogy of diamond and associated phases2.3. Experimentally and mineralogically based criterium of syngenesis of diamonds and primary inclusions therein3. Physicochemical experimental study of diamond genesis under the Earth’s upper mantle conditions (within 150 – 250 km depth)3.1. Mechanism of diamond nucleation and crystallization in carbonate-carbon and silicate-carbonate-carbon melt-solutions3.2. “Syngenesis phase diagrams” and physicochemical mechanisms of diamond and associated phases formation3.3. Genetic classification of syngenetic inclusions in upper-mantle derived diamonds4. Physicochemical experimental study of ”super-deep” diamond genesis under the Earth’s lower mantle conditions (over 670 km depth)4.1. “Syngenesis phase diagrams” and physicochemical mechanisms of diamond and associated phases formation5. Mantle-carbonatite conception of diamond and associated minerals origin5.1. “Concentration barrier of diamond nucleation” and its genetic role for diamond genesis5.2. Composition diagram of the upper-mantle diamond-parental medium5.3. Composition diagram of the upper-mantle ”super-deep” diamond-parental medium5.4. Key peculiarity of the mantle carbonatite diamond-genetic conception6. Genetic role of partition coefficients for diamond-parental melts and associated minerals6.1. Experimental estimation of the melt-mineral partition coefficient for the diamond-parental systems6.2. Application of experimental partition coefficients to estimation of the upper-mantle sources for formation of diamond-parental media6.3. Formation of mantle chambers of silicate-carbonate-carbon diamond-parental melts as the key episodes of diamond origin7. Fractional magmatic evolution of the Earth’s mantle material and diamond-parental melts7.1. Role of reactionary garnetization of olivine in ultrabasic-basic magmatic evolution of the upper-mantle and diamond-parental melts7.2. Physicochemical conditions of formation of diamond-bearing peridotitic and eclogitic rocks and primary inclusions of peridotite and eclogite parageneses in diamonds7.3. Role of peritectic reaction of bridgmanite (“stishovite paradox”) in ultrabasic-basic magmatic evolution of the lower-mantle and “super-deep”diamond-parental melts7.4. Physicochemical conditions of formation of primary ultrabasic and basic inclusions in “super-deep”diamondsConclusionReferences