Carbon Sequestration for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation (eBook)

  Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION: CLIMATE OVERVIEW 1.1. Weather and Climate 1.2. Solar Radiation and Climate 1.3. Greenhouse Effect 1.4. Natural versus Anthropogenic Climate Change 1.5. Conclusions References

Chapter 2: VARIABILITY AND CHANGE IN CLIMATE 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Radiative Forcing 2.3. Detection and Attribution of Climate Change 2.4. Climate Change 2.5. Conclusions References

Chapter 3: INTRODUCTION TO GLOBAL CARBON CYCLING: AN OVERRVIEW OF THE GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Photosynthesis and Respiration 3.3. Timescales and Modes of the Carbon Cycle 3.4. Introduction to Carbon Budget 3.5. Global Warming 3.6. Conclusion References

Chapter 4: THE GLOBAL CARBON INVENTORY 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Atmospheric Carbon Inventory 4.3. Carbon Inventory of the Biosphere And Soils 4.4. Carbon Inventory of the Oceans 4.5. Carbon Inventory of the Lithosphere 4.6. Conclusions References

Chapter 5: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES OF THE GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Mechanisms of Geologic Carbon Cycling 5.3. Geologic Carbon Cycling Evidence from Geological Proxy Data 5.4. Precambrian History of Carbon Cycling 5.5. Carbon Cycling During Phanerozoic 5.6. Carbon Cycling During Cenozoic 5.7. Carbon cycling and Climate of the Cool Icehouse World 5.8. The Last Glacial Termination and Holocene Carbon Cycle Variations 5.9. Carbon Cycling during the most recent Past 5.10. Conclusions References

Chapter 6: THE MODERN CARBON CYCLE 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Natural Global Carbon Cycle before The Anthropogenic Influence 6.3. Anthropogenic Perturbations to the Global Carbon Cycle 6.4. The Global Carbon Budget 6.5. Conclusions References

Chapter 7: HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY GLOBAL METHANE CYCLING 7.1. Introduction 7.2. Atmospheric Methane 7.3. Global Methane Budget 7.4. Contemporary Global Methane Budget 7.5. Atmospheric Chemistry of Methane 7.6. Biological Aspects of Methanogenesis 7.7. Methane Clathrate Hydrates 7.8. Conclusions References Chapter 8: MITIGATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE: INTRODUCTION 8.1. Introduction 8.2. Drivers of Carbon Dioxide Emissions 8.3. Options for Mitigating Greenhouse Gases Emission 8.4. Geoengineering Options for Climate Mitigation 8.5. Conclusions References

Chapter 9: INTRODUCTION TO TERRESTRIAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION 9.1. Introduction 9.2. Terrestrial Carbon Pools 9.3. Conclusions References

Chapter 10: GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION UNDER AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK LANDUSE 10.1. Introduction 10.2. Carbon Sequestration 10.3. Nature of Soil Organic Carbon Inputs and the Mechanisms for its Stabilization in Soils 10.4. Greenhouse Gases Emission Trends from Agriculture 10.5. Conclusions References Chapter 11: GOBAL FORESTS MANAGEMENT FOR CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION 11.1. Introduction 11.2. The Role of Forests in the Global Carbon Cycle 11.3. Estimation of Global Forest Area Trends and its Carbon Pools 11.4. Forest area, Status and Trends 11.5. Global Forest Biomass Accumulation and Productivity Trends      11.6. Climate Change Mitigation Options Under Forest 11.7. Conclusions References

Chapter 12: THE ROLE OF BIOENERGY IN MITIGATING CLIMATE CHANGE 12.1. Introduction 12.2. Definitions 12.3. General Background on Biofuels 12.4. Role of Biomass Crops 12.5. History of Biofuels 12.6. Bioenergy Resources Potential 12.7. Classification of Biofuels 12.8. Perspectives and Future Directions of Bioenergy References

Chapter 13: CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE IN GEOLOGIC FORMATIONS 13.1. Introduction 13.2. What is Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage? 13.3. Energy Consumption and Carbon dioxide Emissions 13.4. History of Carbon Capture and Storage 13.5. Technology for Capturing and Transporting Carbon dioxide 13.6. Carbon Dioxide Transport 13.7. Carbon Dioxide Storage 13.8. Risks of geological storage of CO2 13.9. Monitoring and Risk Management 13.10. Bioenergy Coupled with Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (BECCS) 13.11. Oceanic Sequestration 13.12. Geochemical Sequestration 13.13. Conclusions References