Hydrogen Generation from Ethanol using Plasma Reforming Technology (eBook)

Prof. JianHua Yan is currently Vice President and Professor at Zhejiang University. He was born in June 1962 in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. He graduated from Zhejiang University and completed his bachelor, master and PhD degrees in 1982, 1985 and 1990, respectively. In 1985, he joined the Department of Thermal Physics in Zhejiang University as an assistant professor. He has since held a range of important positions at Zhejiang University: in 1991, he became associate professor at the Institute for Thermal Power Engineering; from 1994 to 1996, he was director of the National Laboratory of Clean Coal Combustion; from 1993 to 1996, he was deputy director of the Institute for Thermal Power Engineering; and from 1996 to 2007, he was chairman of the Department of Energy Engineering and director of the Design Institute of Energy Engineering. Since 1995, he has also been professor of the Department of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University. From 1999 to 2007, he was executive dean of the university’s College of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, also serving from April 2007 to July 2013 as executive dean of the graduate school and vice provost of the university. Since 2002, he has been a Cheung Kong scholar of the Ministry of Education. Since 2012, he has been appointed as chief scientist of State 973 project. Since July 2015, he has been appointed as Vice President of Zhejiang University, responsible for post-graduate student education and academic affairs.His major research interests include clean combustion, pyrolysis and gasification, pollutant control, combustion acquisition, environmental protection in the energy conversion process and waste derived energy etc. He has published more than 200 scientific papers and co-authored four books. He holds more than 40 Chinese patents.Prof. Jianhua Yan has served as co-chair of the Association of Chinese Graduate Schools (ACGS) since 2012. He is a member of the discipline division of the State council and vice chairman of the National Alliance of Innovative Waste to Energy. He is also chairman of both the Zhejiang Provincial Association of Renewable Energy and Zhejiang Provincial Association of Waste Treatment and Resource Utilization.Prof. ChangMing Du received the Ph.D. in 2006 from ZheJiang University. He is currently an Associate Professor of the School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, working on plasma environmental technology, waste treatment and reusing technology. He is skilled in equipment manufacturing and product innovation. He has hosted/taken part in 25 scientific research projects and built up industrial/pilot 6 demonstration facilities. He has applied for 80 patents, and published 3 monographs.His research was published by the international journals such as Chemical reviews, Scientific Reports, Applied Energy, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Journal of Hazardous Materials. He has contributed more than 85 journal papers, 53 of which have been recorded in SCI.Prof. ChangMing Du has been engaged in investigations on plasma environmental protection and plasma energy conversion for the past 12 years. By studying the physical, chemical and biophysical processes involved in plasma-assisted environmental applications, he has contributed to the identification and quantitative evaluation of the plasma agents, theoretical and technological systems for plasma catalysis, plasma integrated purification and hydrogen production from wastes via plasma. He has also designed a series of novel plasma generators and independently developed a range of novel plasma-assisted environment-protection equipment. He has published 65 academic papers, more than 40 of which have been recorded in SCI (with 136 SCI Total Impact Points, 297 other Citations and an H index of 13). Since 2010, he has published one monograph independently, has applied for 46 invention patents independently, and has published 26 SCI papers, 12 of which were signed by the applicant as the first/corresponding author (which have been received by many international journals such as Chem Rev (1 paper, SCI IF=46.568). In addition, he was selected as the "Science and Technology New Star in Zhu Jiang" in 2013, and received the 9th "Youth Technological award" in 2014, which was awarded by China environmental science academy. 

Preface 6
About the Book 8
Contents 9
1 Plasma for Ethanol Reforming 12
1.1 Hydrogen and Plasma 12
1.2 Reforming Technologies of Liquid Fuel 14
1.2.1 CO2 Reforming 14
1.2.2 Partial Oxidation Reforming 15
1.2.3 Steam Reforming 15
1.2.4 Autothermal Reforming 15
1.2.5 Comparison Among Different Reforming Processes 16
1.3 Hydrogen Production by Ethanol Reforming 16
1.3.1 Catalytic Ethanol Reforming for Hydrogen Production 18
1.3.2 Plasma Ethanol Reforming for Hydrogen Production 19
References 21
2 Non-thermal Arc Plasma for Ethanol Reforming and Hydrogen Production 24
2.1 Non-thermal Plasma 24
2.2 Non-thermal Arc Plasma Reforming of Ethanol to Produce Hydrogen 26
2.3 Factors Affecting on Plasma Reforming of Ethanol 28
2.3.1 Effects of the Components of the Materials 28
2.3.2 Effects of the Carrier Gas 29
2.3.3 Effects of the Input Power 30
2.3.4 Effects of Other Factors 30
2.4 Comparison of the Non-thermal Plasma Reforming of Ethanol 31
2.5 Developmental Trends of the Non-thermal Arc Plasma Reforming of Ethanol 34
References 35
3 Hydrogen from Ethanol by a Plasma Reforming System 39
3.1 Introduction 39
3.2 Materials and Methods 40
3.2.1 Experimental Setup 40
3.2.2 Calculation 41
3.3 Results and Discussion 42
3.3.1 Effect of O/C Ratio 42
3.3.2 Effect of the S/C Ratio 45
3.3.3 Effect of the Input Power 46
3.3.4 Effect of the Ethanol Flow Rate 46
3.4 Conclusion 47
References 48
4 Hydrogen from Ethanol by a Miniaturized Plasma Reforming System 49
4.1 Introduction 49
4.2 Experimental Setup 49
4.3 Results and Discussion 51
4.3.1 Voltage–Current Characteristic 51
4.3.2 Effect of the O/C Ratio 52
4.3.3 Effect of the S/C Ratio 53
4.3.4 Effect of the Ethanol Flow Rate 54
4.4 Conclusion 56
References 56
5 Plasma-Catalytic Reforming for Hydrogen Generation from Ethanol 57
5.1 Introduction 57
5.2 Experimental Section 57
5.2.1 Plasma-Catalytic Setup 57
5.2.2 Catalysts Characterization 59
5.3 Results and Discussion 60
5.3.1 Effect of the O/C Ratio 60
5.3.2 Effect of the S/C Ratio 63
5.4 Conclusion 65
References 65
6 Mechanism for the Plasma Reforming of Ethanol 66
6.1 Mechanism Analysis of the Single Plasma Reforming of Ethanol 66
6.1.1 Electron-Molecule Collision 66
6.1.2 Free Radical Reaction 73
6.1.3 The Generation and Conversion of the Main Products 79
6.1.4 Suppression and Removal of Carbon Deposition in the Reforming Process 83
6.1.5 Removal of NOx in the Process of Reforming 86
6.2 Mechanism Analysis of the Plasma-Catalytic Reforming of Ethanol 87
6.2.1 Related Mechanism of the Catalytic Reforming of Ethanol 88
6.2.2 Effects of Plasma on the Surface Characteristics of the Catalyst 92
6.2.3 The Surface Reaction of the Electronic/Radical-Catalyst 95
6.3 Comparison Between Plasma Reforming and Plasma-Catalyst Reforming 99
6.4 Summary 101
References 103
7 Outlook 107