Complex Magnetic Nanostructures (eBook)

Prof. Dr. Surender Kumar Sharma: Dr. Sharma obtained his PhD title in July 2007 from H. P. University, Shimla, India. After spending several years of research/academic positions in Brazil, France, Czech Republic, India and Mexico working in the area of nanomagnetism and functional nanomaterials, he has joined Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Brazil, as a Professor of Physics at Department of Physics on February 2015. Currently he is an active member of the graduate research program at UFMA and actively involved in research, teaching and supervising graduate students. He has been awarded as FAPEMA Senior Researcher grants in August 2015. To date, Dr. Sharma has published more than 54 research articles in reputed journals, 1 book as a single author and 1 book chapter.

1. Granular magnetic nanostructures: An overview of finite size, dipolar interactions and surface effects on the magnetic properties

 

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Special Features of Magnetic Nanoparticles

   1.2.1 Finite Size Effects

      1.2.1.1 Single domain Limits and superparamagnetism: Brief Introduction

      1.2.1.2 Surface Effects

   1.2.2 Magnetic Nanoparticles Aggregates

      1.2.2.1 Classical Langevin Function Approach

      1.2.2.2 Size distribution  Overview

      1.2.2.3 Experimental Magnetic Measurements

          1.2.2.3.1 Measuring time and relaxation time

          1.2.2.3.2 DC Magnetic Properties

          1.2.2.3.2.1 Magnetization Curves

          1.2.2.3.2.2 Zero field Cooled and field cooled curves

          1.2.2.3.2.3 Thermoremanent Magnetization

          1.2.2.3.2.4 Isothermal Remanent magnetization

   1.2.3 Different kinds of Interaction in Granular magnetic nanosystems

      1.2.3.1 The Role of Interactions on the Magnetic properties

      1.2.3.2 Models

   1.2.4 Conclusion

 

2.  Size and Shape controlled liquid phase synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles: recent updates

 

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Basic Mechanism on the formation of Magnetic nanoparticles

   2.2.1 Nucleation: Burst of Nucleation Concept

   2.2.2 Methods for the isolation of Nucleation and Growth; Numerical Simulation of Burst Nucleation

   2.2.3 Growth Mechanism

2.3 Novel Synthesis method for the size and shape controlled Magnetic nanoparticles

   2.3.1 Classical Synthesis by Coprecipitation

   2.3.2 Hydrothermal and High-Temperature Reactions

   2.3.3 Polyols method

   2.3.4 Sol-Gel Reactions

   2.3.5 Electrochemical techniques

   2.3.6 Flow Injection Syntheses

2.3 Protection and surface stability magnetic nanoparticles

   2.3.1 Inorganic materials

   2.3.2 Polymer Stabilizers

      2.3.3 Monomeric Stabilizers

   2.4 Strategies to control the size and shape

   2.5 Conclusions

 

3. Bimagnetic soft/hard and hard/soft magnetic core-shell nanoparticles with diverse application

 

3.1 Introduction

3.2 fundamental Phenomenology: Importance of coupling between soft and hard bimagnetic nanocrystals

3.3 Chemical synthesis approaches  to obtain multifunctional nanosystem

   3.3.1 Surface treatment of  nanoparticles

   3.3.2 Two Step Seed-mediated growth method

3.4 Characterization Strategy

3.5 Current and potential applications

   3.5.1 Magnetic media recording

   3.5.2 Permanent magnets

   3.5.3 Microwave absorptions

   3.5.4 Biomedical applications

3.6 Conclusion and outlook

 

4. Magnetic nanoparticles probed by synchrotron radiations based on X-ray absorption method: spin polarization and Charge transfer mechanism

 

4.1 Introduction

4.2 X-ray absorption spectroscopies in synchrotron radiation facilities

    4.2.1 X-ray absorption fine structure

    4.2.2 X-ray magnetic circular dichroism

4.3 Brief overview of different types of nanoparticles

    4.3.1 Core-shell nanoparticles

    4.3.2 Heterodimer nanoparticles

    4.3.3 Dumbbell types of nanoparticles

    4.3.4 Flower types nanoparticles

4.4 d-band magnetism of Ag, Au, Pd and Pt nanoparticles

    4.4.1 Magnetism in bulk metals

    4.4.2 Induced magnetism in nanoparticle matrix

    4.4.3 Intrinsic magnetic moment in metallic nanoparticles

4.5 Structural Study Aspect

    4.5.1 XANES and EXAFS measurements

    4.5.2 Analysis and Explanation

    4.5.2 Computational Simulation

4.6 Element Selective Magnetic Study

    4.6.1 X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism magnetometry

    4.6.2 Sum Rules Approach

    4.6.2 Spin polarization and charge transfer mechanism

4.7 Conclusion

4.8 Future Prospective

 

5. Bimetallic nanostructures with magnetic and noble metals: Synthesis and applications

 

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Diversity of architectures of bimetallic nanostructures

    5.2.1 Zero-dimensional

    5.2.2 1-dimensional

    5.2.3 Bimetallic assembly

5.3 Advance in the characterization of bimetallic nanostructures

5.4 Structure–property relationship of bimetallic nanostructures

    5.4.1 Magnetic Property

    5.4.2 Optical Property

    5.4.3 Catalytic Property

5.4 Important Applications

    5.4.1 Magnetic media recording

    5.4.2 Permanent magnets

    5.4.3 Biomedical applications

5.5 Conclusion & Outlook

 

6.  Design of rare-earth doped iron oxide nanomaterials for future possibility in resonance imaging

 

6.1 Introduction

6.2 RARE EARTHS AND ORGANIC LIGANDS

      6.2.1 Electronic spectroscopy of rare earth ions

      6.2.2 Rare earth luminescence

      6.2.3 Organic ligands

        6.2.3.1 Rare earth -diketonates complexes

        6.2.3.2 Rare earth complexes with calixarenes

             6.2.3.2.1 Conformational properties of calixarenes

             6.2.3.2.2 Acidity constants of the phenolic OH groups

             6.2.3.2.3 Inclusion compounds

             6.2.3.2.4 Rare earth complexes with carboxylic acids

6.3 Synthesis of Fe3O4/calixarene RE3+ -complexes core-shell nanomaterials

      6.3.1 Synthesis of the calixarene ligand

      6.3.2 Synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles

      6.3.3 Synthesis of Fe3O4@calix-Eu(TTA) nanomaterial

      6.3.4 Synthesis of Fe3O4@calix-Tb(ACAC) nanomaterial

6.4 Synthesis of RE3+ -complexes grafted Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell nanomaterials.

     6.4.1 Magnetite nanoparticles

     6.4.2 Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles

     6.4.3 TTA grafted magnetic core-shell nanostructures (Fe3O4@SiO2-TTA)

     6.4.4 Fe3O4@SiO2-TTA-RE(L) nanomaterials

6.5 Application in Magnetic Resonance Imaging

6.6 Conclusions

 

7. Magnetic Nanohybrids for the water purifications: removal of heavy metals

 

7.1 Introduction

7.2  A brief report on water contamination by Heavy Metal

7.3  Functional Magnetic Nanomaterials

      7.3.1 Normal Occurrence

      7.3.2 Syntheses in Liquid Phase

      7.3.3 Particle Characterizations

 7.4 Major applications

      7.4.1 nano zero Valent Iron (nZVI) 

      7.4.2 Magnetite (Fe3O4)

      7.4.3 Maghemite (g-Fe2O3)

      7.4.4 Hematite (a-Fe2O3)

      7.4.5 Ferric hydroxide(Fe(OH)3)

      7.4.6 Other mixed spinel ferrites

7.5 Nanotechnological Approach applied to water purifications

      7.5.1 Adsorption Experiments

      7.5.2 Effect of pH & Salinity

      7.5.3 Finite size/shape effect

      7.5.4 Effect of competing species

      7.5.5 Thermal Effects

      7.5.6 Effect of mixing and contact time

      7.5.7 Effect of adsorbent dose/concentration

7.6 Commercialization of MNPs for polluted water treatment

7.7 Advantages & Disadvantages

7.8 Conclusion and future goal

 

8. Superparamagnetic composite based GO/rGO for the multimode biomedical applications

 8.1 Introduction

8.2 Different family of Graphene nanomaterials

8.3 Important properties of Graphene based nanomaterials

    8.3.1 Physiochemical properties

    8.3.2 Optical Properties

    8.3.3 Thermal & Electrical properties

    8.3.4 Mechanical Properties

    8.3.5 Biological Properties

8.4 Graphene/Graphene Oxide based magnetic nanocomposites

8.5 Biomedical applications

8.6 Conclusion and future prospects

 

9. Magnetic nanoparticle-based hyperthermia for cancer treatment: Effect of size and shape

 

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Fine Particle Magnetism

   9.2.1 Concept of Single Magnetic domains

   9.2.2 Spin Reversal Mechanism

      9.2.2.1 Magnetization reversal

      9.2.2.2 Magnetization reversal in liquid carrier

   9.2.3 Stoner-Wohlfarth Model

   9.2.4  Thermal Activation of Magnetization

   9.2.5  Frequency Dependence of Hysteresis

   9.2.6  Energy Barrier Distribution

9.3  Magnetic Hyperthermia

   9.3.1  Heating Mechanisms

   9.3.2 Magnetic Susceptibility Heating

   9.3.3 Hysteresis Heating

   9.3.4 Magnetic Stirring Effects

   9.3.5 Effect of Distributed Systems

       9.3.5.1 Effect of Particle Size Distribution

       9.3.5.2 Effect of Anisotropy Distribution

9.4 Size and shape dependent based fluid hypothermia: A few examples from Literature

9.5  Conclusions and Future Work

 

10. Functionalized Magnetic nanohybrids structures for imaging and therapy applications  

10.1 Introduction

10.2  Wet chemical based Seed-mediated growth towards functional nanohybrids

    10.2.1 Superparamagnetic-plasmonic nanohybrids

    10.2.2 Plasmonic-fluorescent nanohybrids

    10.2.3 fluorescent-superparamagnetic nanohybrids

10.3 Surface functionalization and modification strategy

    10.3.1  Inorganic materials

    10.3.2 Polymer Stabilizers

    10.3.3  Monomeric Stabilizers

10.4 Magnetic Nanotechnology for cancer treatments

10.5 Photothermal therapy

10.6 Nanohybrids for biomedical diagnosis and therapy

10.7 Conclusions and future work