Grapevine Yellows Diseases and Their Phytoplasma Agents (eBook)

Prof. Marina Dermastia, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, SloveniaDr. Nataša Mehle, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljiana, SloveniaFiona Constable Ph.D., Biosciences Research Division, Bundoora, AustraliaProf. Assunta Bertaccini, University of Bologna, Plant Pathalogy, Bologna, Italy

Phytoplasmas – dangerous and intriguing bacteriaAbstractHistory and biologyTaxonomy and detection methodsManagement of phytoplasmas and insect vectorsWorldwide distribution and identification of    grapevine yellows diseasesAbstractIntroductionGrapevine yellows phytoplasmas in Europe16SrV phytoplasmas: “Flavescence dorée” and “Palatinate GY”“Bois noir”Aster yellows phytoplasmas in EuropeMinor phytoplasmas reported in Europe and EurasiaGrapevine yellows phytoplasmas in AmericaGrapevine yellows phytoplasmas in USAGrapevine yellows phytoplasmas in CanadaGrapevine yellows phytoplasmas in South AmericaGrapevine yellows phytoplasmas in AfricaGgrapevine yellows phytoplasmas in AustraliaInteractions between grapevines and grapevine yellows phytoplasmas BNp and FDpAbstractIntroductionHow phytoplasmas interact with their hosts, based on analysis of their genomesPre-symptomatic grapevine responses to grapevine yellows phytoplasma infectionUltrastructure of phloem infected with grapevine yellows phytoplasmasInfection of grapevine with grapevine yellows phytoplasmas affects photosynthesisGrapevine yellows phytoplasma infection is associated with prominent changes in carbohydrate metabolismGrapevine yellows phytoplasma infection affects the plant-energy-associated networkChanged concentrations of amino acids in infected vein-enriched grapevine samplesChanges in the flavonoid pathway in grapevineyellows phytoplasma infected grapevinesInduced salicylic-acid-dependent systemic acquired resistance in grapevines infected with grapevine yellows phytoplasmasThe recovery and oxidative-stress phenomenaDetection of phytoplasmas associated to grapevine yellows diseases in research and diagnosticsAbstractIntroductionBiological testsTransmission of grapevine yellows phytoplasmas to Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus)Heterologous graftingA case study: Identification of Orientus ishidae as a possible vector of FDpMicroscopy techniquesImmunological approachesMolecular approachesExtraction of DNADot-blot hybridisationTechniques based on polymerase chain reactionReal-time PCR for grapevine yellows phytoplasma  detection and quantificationLoop-mediated isothermal amplificationGene sequencingStep-by-step routine detection of grapevine yellows phytoplasmasSampling and sample handlingValidation of diagnostic methodsAnalytical sensitivityAnalytical specificityRepeatability and reproducibilityMeasures to reduce uncertainties of the diagnostic methodsIndex