Photoactive Semiconductor Nanocrystal Quantum Dots (eBook)

Contents 6
Editorial 7
Excited-State Dynamics in Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals 9
Abstract 9
Introduction 10
Excitons in Semiconductor Nanocrystals 10
Quantum Confinement Effects: Squeezing and Shaping Nanoscale Excitons 10
Composition Effects: Tailoring the Property Gamut 13
Nanoscale Surfaces: far from ‘‘Superficial’’ 15
Collective Effects in NC Superstructures: When 1 + 1 is Larger Than 2 16
Excited-State Dynamics in Semiconductor Nanocrystals 17
Relaxation of Hot-Carrier States: fs to ps Timescales 17
Auger Decay of Multi-Carrier States: ps to ns Time Scales 19
Radiative Decay in Semiconductor Nanocrystals: ns to micros Time Scales 22
Blinking Dynamics on ms Timescales and Slower 27
Summary and Outlook 30
Acknowledgments 31
References 31
Semiconductor Quantum Dots with Photoresponsive Ligands 39
Abstract 39
Photophysical Properties of Semiconductor Quantum Dots 40
Comparison of Quantum Dots and Organic Dyes 40
Electron Transfer with Quantum Dots 43
Energy Transfer with Quantum Dots 45
Quantum Dots with Photochromic Ligands 47
Spiropyrans 47
Diarylethenes 51
Quantum Dots with Photocaged Ligands 54
ortho-Nitrobenzyl Derivatives 54
Photocaged Nitric Oxide 57
Conclusions and Perspectives 64
Acknowledgments 66
References 66
Interfacing Luminescent Quantum Dots with Functional Molecules for Optical Sensing Applications 69
Abstract 69
Introduction 70
Size-Dependent Optoelectronic Properties 71
Synthesis and Surface Modification 74
Modular Design of Photoactive QD-Molecule Conjugates 77
Sensors Based on Photoinduced Electron Transfer 79
Sensors Based on Photoinduced Energy Transfer 83
Sensors Based on Spectroscopically Independent Components 91
Conclusions 92
Acknowledgments 93
References 93
Light-Harvesting Antennae Based on Silicon Nanocrystals 96
Abstract 96
Introduction 97
Working Principle of a Light-Harvesting Antenna 97
Silicon Nanocrystals as Scaffolds for Light-Harvesting Antennae 98
Synthesis of Functionalized Silicon Nanocrystals and Relation to Their Optical Properties 99
Examples of Si Nanocrystal-based Light-Harvesting Antennae 102
UV Absorbing Dyes 102
Visible Absorbing Dyes 107
Conclusions 110
Acknowledgment 110
References 111
Luminescent Rare-earth-based Nanoparticles: A Summarized Overview of their Synthesis, Functionalization, and Applications 114
Abstract 114
Introduction, Chemical Composition, Luminescent Properties 114
Synthesis of Uniform Luminescent Nanoparticles 116
Functionalization and Colloidal Stability 117
Bioimaging Applications 118
Sensing and Analytical Applications 120
Optoelectronic Applications 124
Concluding Remarks and Future Outlook 125
Acknowledgments 125
References 125
Recent Progress in Quantum Dot Based White Light-Emitting Devices 129
Abstract 129
Introduction 130
Photometric Characteristics of WLEDs 131
QD-Based Down-Conversion WLEDs 132
WLEDs Based on Combinations of Conventional Phosphors and QDs 132
All-QD Based WLEDs 135
Carbon Dot/QD Based WLEDs 140
WLEDs Based on Dual-Color-Emitting and White-Emitting QDs 141
Electroluminescent WLEDs 144
FRET-Assisted WLEDs 147
Summary and Outlook 149
Acknowledgments 149
References 149
Hybrid Semiconductor--Metal Nanorods as Photocatalysts 154
Abstract 154
Introduction 155
Structural Properties of Hybrid Semiconductor--Metal Nanorods 157
Selective Metal Deposition 157
Morphology: Size and Shape Control 159
Material Composition 160
Photo-Induced Charge Carrier Dynamics and Photocatalytic Efficiency 162
Structural Effects 164
Surface Effects 169
Solution and Chemical Effects 171
Outlook and Perspective 174
Acknowledgments 175
References 175