Study on Ground Moving Target Indication and Imaging Technique of Airborne SAR (eBook)

Supervisor’s Foreword 6
Preface 7
Parts of this thesis have been published in the following journal articles: 10
Acknowledgement 11
Contents 12
Abbreviations 15
1 Introduction 17
Abstract 17
1.1 Development of SAR 17
1.2 Development of GMTI and GMTIm Techniques 19
1.2.1 Technique Backgrounds 19
1.2.2 Recent Development of GMTI and GMTIm Technique 20
1.3 Book Structure and Organization 22
References 24
2 SAR Ground Moving Target Indication and Imaging Theory 28
Abstract 28
2.1 Introduction 28
2.2 Principle of SAR 29
2.3 Signal Analysis of Moving Target in SAR 31
2.3.1 Signal Model of a Moving Target 31
2.3.2 Doppler Centroid 34
2.3.3 Doppler Modulation Rate 36
2.3.4 RCM 37
2.4 Principle of Existing GMTI Algorithms 39
2.4.1 Principle of Single-Antenna GMTI Algorithms 39
2.4.2 CFAR Detection 41
2.5 Principle of GMTIm Algorithms 43
2.5.1 RCMC of Moving Targets 43
2.5.2 Motion Parameter Estimation 45
2.6 Conclusion 46
References 46
3 Fast Moving Target Indication and Imaging in Stripmap SAR 48
Abstract 48
3.1 Introduction 48
3.2 Echo Model of Fast Moving Target 49
3.3 Doppler Centroid Estimation of the Clutter 53
3.3.1 Principle of Energy Balancing Method 53
3.3.2 Adaptive Doppler Centroid Estimation Algorithm Based on Curve Fitting 54
3.3.3 Simulation Results and Analysis 56
3.4 Multiple Moving Target Indication and Spectrum Extraction 58
3.4.1 The Two-Step GMTI Algorithm 58
3.4.2 Real Data Processing Results 59
3.5 Fast Moving Target Imaging Algorithm Based on Hough Transform and Third-Order PFT 62
3.5.1 Principle of the Proposed Algorithm 62
3.5.2 Processing Steps of the Algorithm 64
3.5.3 Results of the Simulation and Real Data Processing 66
3.6 Conclusion 70
References 71
4 Ground Moving Target Indication and Imaging in WAS Mode 73
Abstract 73
4.1 Introduction 73
4.2 Key Technique in Airborne SAR Mechanic Scanning Mode 74
4.2.1 Mechanic Scanning Mode and the Principle of DBS 74
4.2.2 System Design Scheme of the Airborne Mechanic Scanning SAR 77
4.3 Real-Time DBS Algorithm Based on CZT 78
4.3.1 The Modification of Traditional DBS Algorithm 78
4.3.2 Principle of the Proposed Algorithm 78
4.4 GMTI and Parameter Estimation Algorithm Based on Multiple Revisits 81
4.5 Conclusion 83
References 84
5 GMTI and GMTIm in FMCW SAR 85
Abstract 85
5.1 Introduction 85
5.2 Principle of FMCW SAR and Signal Model 86
5.2.1 Principle of FMCW SAR 86
5.2.2 Signal Model and Analysis 88
5.3 Nonlinearity Correction of FMCW SAR 89
5.3.1 Analysis of the Nonlinearity Problem 90
5.3.2 Principle of Derivative Algorithm 91
5.3.3 Nonlinearity Correction Algorithm Based on Homomorphic Deconvolution 92
5.4 Along-Track Moving Target Indication and Imaging in FMCW SAR 98
5.4.1 Signal Model of Moving Targets in FMCW SAR 98
5.4.2 Along-Track Moving Target Indication Algorithm in FMCW SAR 99
5.5 Conclusion 103
References 104
6 Non-ideal Motion Error Analysis in GMTIm 106
Abstract 106
6.1 Introduction 106
6.2 Motion Error Compensation in Stationary SAR Imaging 107
6.2.1 Motion Error Analysis in Airborne SAR 107
6.2.2 Principle of PGA 110
6.3 Signal Model of Moving Target with Non-ideal Motion Error 113
6.4 Motion Error Analysis 115
6.4.1 Platform Velocity Error 115
6.4.2 Cross-Track Velocity Error of the Moving Target 115
6.5 Non-ideal Motion Error Estimation and Correction Algorithm 117
6.5.1 Algorithm Principle 117
6.5.2 Simulation and Raw Data Processing 118
6.6 Conclusion 121
References 122