Diversity and Contact (eBook)

Karen Schönwälder is a Research Group Leader at the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity and Professor at the Georg August University in Göttingen, Germany.Sören Petermann is Team Leader at GESIS – Leibniz-Institute for the Social Sciences, Germany.Jörg Hüttermann is a Researcher at the Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Conflict and Violence at Bielefeld University, Germany.Steven Vertovec is Director at the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity, and Honorary Joint Professor of Sociology and Ethnology, University of Göttingen, Germany.Miles Hewstone is Professor of Social Psychology at the University of Oxford, UK.Dietlind Stolle is the Director of the Inter-University Centre for the Study of Democratic Citizenship at McGill University, Canada.Katharina Schmid is Research Associate at the Oxford Centre for the Study of Intergroup Conflict, UK.Thomas Schmitt is a Human Geographer at Friedrich-Alexander University in Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.

Preface 6
Contents 8
About the Authors 12
List of Figures and Photographs 15
List of Tables 18
1: Introduction: Research Context and Hypotheses 19
1.1 Interaction Versus Withdrawal 20
1.2 The Relevance of Neighbourhood Context 23
1.3 Recent Empirical Studies 27
1.4 This Book 30
2: The Diversity and Contact Project (DivCon) 33
2.1 Study Design, Methods and Data 33
2.1.1 The Quantitative Survey 38
2.1.2 Area Explorations 40
2.1.3 Fieldwork in Selected Areas 43
2.2 The Respondents and the Neighbourhood 44
2.2.1 Time Spent in the Neighbourhood 44
2.2.2 Reasons for Moving to the Neighbourhood 46
3: Diversity in Germany and Its Urban Neighbourhoods 50
3.1 Germany’s Immigrant Population 50
3.2 Diversity in German Cities 53
3.3 Urban Normality: The 50 Neighbourhoods of this Study (Co-authored by Christian Jacobs) 56
3.3.1 The Material Environment: Neighbourhood Character and Public Space 57
3.3.2 Statistical Diversity 62
3.3.3 Noticeable Diversity 66
3.3.4 Perceived Diversity: How the Survey Respondents See Their Own Neighbourhood 72
4: Interactions Across Boundaries in More and Less Diverse Contexts 78
4.1 Introduction 78
4.2 Intergroup Contact in the Neighbourhood 81
4.2.1 The Frequency of Intergroup Contact 82
4.2.2 Differences Between Neighbourhoods 84
4.2.3 Evaluations of Neighbourhood Contact 90
4.3 Within and Beyond the Neighbourhood: Weak and Strong Ties 91
4.3.1 Network Size and Share of Intergroup Ties 92
4.3.2 The Relevance of the Neighbourhood Context 97
4.4 The Heterogeneity of Networks 108
4.5 Conclusions 111
5: Five Stories of Neighbourhood, Social Life, and Diversity 113
5.1 Introduction 113
5.2 ‘A Good Mixture’: Frequent Intergroup Interactions in a Popular Inner-City Neighbourhood (Frankfurt Berger-Ost) 123
5.2.1 Socio-Demographic Features 123
5.2.2 Physical Structures and Contact Opportunities 125
5.2.3 The Neighbourhood as Perceived by its Residents 128
5.2.4 Enacting Local Diversity 131
5.2.5 Preliminary Conclusion 135
5.3 Neglected Diversity on the Edge of the Multicultural Metropolis (Frankfurt-Henninger Turm) 136
5.3.1 Socio-Demographic Features 136
5.3.2 Physical Structures and Contact Opportunities 139
5.3.3 The Neighbourhood as Perceived by Its Residents 141
5.3.4 Enacting Local Diversity 143
5.3.5 Preliminary Conclusion 147
5.4 Urban Normality: Unspectacular Coexistence in an Inner-City Area (Hamburg Lindenpark) 148
5.4.1 Socio-Demographic Features 149
5.4.2 Physical Structures and Contact Opportunities 150
5.4.3 The Neighbourhood as Perceived by Its Residents 153
5.4.4 Enacting Local Diversity 155
5.4.5 Preliminary Conclusions 159
5.5 Separate Worlds: A Suburban Area with Little Interaction (Hamburg-Sinstorf) 160
5.5.1 Socio-Demographic Features 160
5.5.2 Physical Structures and Contact Opportunities 162
5.5.3 The Neighbourhood as Perceived by Its Residents 165
5.5.4 Enacting Local Diversity 166
5.5.5 Preliminary Conclusion 170
5.6 Distanced Co-existence in a Declining Inner-City Neighbourhood (Krefeld-Schinkenplatz) 171
5.6.1 Socio-Demographic Features 171
5.6.2 Physical Structures and Contact Opportunities 173
5.6.3 The Neighbourhood as Perceived by Its Residents 176
5.6.4 Enacting Local Diversity 178
5.6.5 Preliminary Conclusion 182
5.7 Conclusion 183
6: Attitudes Towards Immigration-Related Diversity 187
6.1 Introduction 187
6.2 Diversity Beliefs 189
6.2.1 Differing Attitudes to Selected Aspects of Diversity 189
6.2.2 Attitudes to Diversity and the Experience of Diversity in the Neighbourhood 196
6.3 Attitudes Towards Specific Immigrant Groups 204
6.3.1 Trust in People and in Specific Groups 205
6.3.2 Trust in Turks, Russlanddeutsche, and Western Europeans Living in Germany 208
6.3.3 Feelings Towards Turks, Russlanddeutsche, and Western Europeans Living in Germany 212
6.4 Conclusions 219
7: The Immigrant Perspective 222
7.1 Introduction 222
7.2 Patterns of Intergroup Interaction 225
7.2.1 Intergroup Contact in the Neighbourhood 227
7.2.2 Weak and Strong Ties 230
7.3 Perceptions and Interpretations of Intergroup Interaction 238
7.4 Conclusion 242
8: Conclusions 244
Annex 1: DivCon City Data 251
Annex 2: Questionnaire in English 252
Annex 3: The DivCon Panel, Technical Report 284
Development of the Questionnaire 284
Panel Implementation 285
First Wave 285
Second Wave 286
Third Wave 287
Bibliography 289