Examination of Textiles with Mathematical and Physical Methods (eBook)

Preface 5
Contents 7
About the Authors 10
Chapter 1: Measurement Technology in Textile Industry and Research 11
1.1 Measurement Procedures 12
1.2 SI and Other Unit Systems 12
1.3 Environmental Conditions 13
1.4 Error Calculation 14
1.5 Basic Principles of Measurements 20
Literature 20
Chapter 2: Conductive Yarns, Fabrics, and Coatings 22
2.1 Basics of Conductivity 22
2.2 Conductive Materials for Textile Applications 26
2.3 Applications of Conductive Textiles 28
2.4 Measuring Conductive Properties of Yarns and Textiles 29
2.5 External Influences on Conductive Properties of Yarns and Textiles 34
Literature 36
Chapter 3: Magnetic Yarns, Fabrics, and Coatings 39
3.1 Different Forms of Magnetism 39
3.2 Applications of Magnetic Textiles 43
3.3 Making Textiles Magnetic 46
3.4 Measuring Textile Magnetism 48
3.5 Simulation of Magnetism in Textiles 50
Literature 51
Chapter 4: Dielectric Yarns, Fabrics and Coatings 55
4.1 What Is Dielectricity? 55
4.2 Applications of Dielectric Textiles and Coatings 58
4.3 Measuring Dielectric Properties of Textiles and Coatings 59
Literature 60
Chapter 5: Optical Examinations of Fibers, Yarns, and Fabrics 62
5.1 Resolution and Magnification 62
5.2 Optical Microscopy 66
5.3 Confocal Microscopy 72
5.4 Scanning Electron Microscopy 76
Literature 80
Chapter 6: Diffractive Effects in Yarns and Fabrics 81
6.1 How to Describe a Wave in a Quantitative Way? 82
6.2 Diffraction at Simple Barriers 83
6.3 Diffraction in Multibarriers 85
6.4 Applications of Diffraction on Textile Fibers 85
6.5 Applications of Diffraction on Textile Fabrics 91
Literature 92
Chapter 7: Image Processing Techniques for Evaluation of Textile Materials 95
7.1 The Cover Factor 95
7.2 Surface Roughness of Textile Fabrics 97
7.3 Definition and Common Measurement Methods of Yarn Hairiness 98
7.4 Determination of Yarn Hairiness Based on Microscopic Images and Statistical Analysis 98
7.4.1 Information Stored in a Monochromatic Image 99
7.4.2 Random Walk Method 102
7.4.3 Practical Realization of Random Walk Experiments at Optically Captured Maps 105
7.4.4 Experiments with Basic Structures 108
7.4.5 Experiments with Two-Dimensional Textile Structures 111
7.4.6 Experiments with Hemp Fibers 115
Literature 117
Chapter 8: Thermal Properties of Textiles 119
8.1 Heat Transport Through Materials 119
8.2 Thermal Radiation of Bodies 123
8.3 Standardized Tests of Heat Transfer Through Textile Fabrics 124
8.4 Other Measurements of Heat Transfer Through Textile Fabrics 125
Literature 127
Chapter 9: Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Textiles 130
9.1 Hydrophobicity 130
9.2 Spray Test 132
9.3 Drop Test 134
9.4 Contact Angle Measurements 134
9.5 Dynamic Measurements: Contact Angles and Roll-Off Angle 138
9.6 Comparison Between Different Hydrophobicity Measures 140
Literature 142
Chapter 10: Mechanical Properties of Yarns, Fabrics, and Coatings 145
10.1 What Is the Reason for Elasticity? 145
10.2 Measuring Elastic Properties 151
10.3 Measuring Adhesive Forces by a Universal Testing Machine 154
10.4 Bending Strength 155
10.5 Drape and Drapability of Textile Fabrics 157
10.6 Compressibility of Textile Materials 158
Literature 160
Chapter 11: Stab and Cut Resistance 162
11.1 Stab- and Cut-Resistant Body Armor 162
11.2 Testing Stab and Cut Resistance 163
11.3 Testing Gloves 163
11.4 Testing Garments 165
Literature 169
Index 172