Creating Freshwater Wetlands

Hammer, Donald A.

Marshes, Bogs, Swamps, Sloughs, Fens, Tules, and Bayous
Introduction
Wetland Definitions
Wetland Classification
Functions of Natural Wetlands
Summary
Wetland Regulation
Introduction
"The Comprehensive Wetlands Conservation and Management Act of 1995"
Wetland Categorization
Mitigation
Three Important Components - Water, Soil, and Vegetation
Introduction
Hydrology
Soils
Vegetation
Nature's Methods for Creating and Maintaining Wetlands
Large Scale: Geologic
Small-Scale Factor
Maintenance
Wetlands: Functions and Values
Introduction
Life Support Functional Values
Water Purification
Hydrologic Modification
Erosion Protection
Open Space and Aesthetics
Cultural Resources
Recreation and Education
Bio-geo-chemical Cycling
Defining Your Objectives
Creation or Restoration?
Objectives
Wetlands Functions and Objectives
Determining Functional Values
Advice and Assistance
The Team Approach
Technical Assistance
Financial Assistance
Summary
Site Selection and Evaluation
Introduction
General Considerations
Specific Considerations
Project Planning
Design Selection
Specific Designs
Major Structures
Dikes, Dams, and Berms
Water Control Structures
Estimating Capacity
Structure Comparisons
Emergency Spillways
Plans and Construction
Preparation of Plans
Preparation for Construction
Construction
Plant Selection
Introduction
Hydrology
Substrate
Species Characteristics
Sources of Plant Materials
Summary
Planting Vegetation
Introduction
Natural Methods
Planting Vegetation
Summary
Attracting and Stocking Wildlife
Constructed Wetlands-Special Considerations
Introduction
Design
Construction
Operation
Monitoring
A Case History
Summary and Comments
Operation and Maintenance
Introduction
First Year
Second Year
Subsequent Years
Bogs and Fens
Forested Wet