Nanophysics, Nanophotonics, Surface Studies, and Applications (eBook)

Preface 6
Part I: Nanoscale Physics 6
Part II: Nanooptics and Photonics 7
Part III: Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces 7
Part IV: Nanochemistry and Biotechnology 8
Part V: Nanocomposites and Nanomaterials 9
Contents 12
Contributors 18
Part I: Nanoscale Physics 27
Chapter 1: Depolarized Rayleigh Light Scattering in the Ultrathin Krypton Layer Between Graphite Surfaces: Computer Simulation 28
1.1 Introduction 28
1.2 Simulation Details 29
1.3 The DRLS Model 29
1.4 Results 30
1.5 Conclusions 35
References 36
Chapter 2: Study of the Dynamics of 5CB Thin Layer Placed on the Fullerene Wall: Computer Simulations 39
2.1 Introduction 39
2.2 Simulation Details 40
2.3 Results 40
2.4 Conclusions 43
References 44
Chapter 3: Nanoindentation of DMPC Layer by Nanotubes of Various Diameters 46
3.1 Introduction 46
3.2 Simulation Details 47
3.3 Results 48
3.4 Conclusions 53
References 53
Chapter 4: The Study of Properties of Paracetamol Clusters: MD Simulations 55
4.1 Introduction 55
4.2 Materials and Methods 56
4.3 Results 56
4.4 Conclusions 59
References 59
Chapter 5: Electric-Driven Magnetization Dynamics of Multilayer Nanostructures 62
5.1 Introduction 62
5.2 Characteristic Features of Current-Driven Magnetization 63
5.3 Spin Torques Due to Electric-Driven Magnetization 66
References 68
Chapter 6: Phenomenological Models of Photoinduced Transition in Spin-Crossover Materials 69
6.1 Introduction 69
6.2 Macroscopic Kinetics of Photoinduced Spin-Crossover System 71
6.2.1 Stochastic Kinetic Driven by Relaxation Term 71
6.2.2 Kinetics with Non-Markovian Stochastic Processes 73
6.3 Noise Driven Resonance Phenomena in Photoinduced Spin-Crossover System 76
6.3.1 Stochastic Resonance Driven by White Noise 77
6.3.2 Stochastic Resonance Driven by Colored Noise 81
6.4 Conclusion 83
References 84
Part II: Nanooptics and Photonics 87
Chapter 7: Nano-Sized Pattern Formation in Nonequilibrium Adsorptive Systems with Interacting Adsorbate 88
7.1 Introduction 88
7.2 Model 89
7.3 Pattern Selection in Deterministic System 92
7.4 Patterning in Overdamped Stochastic System 96
7.5 Statistical Properties 98
7.6 Conclusions 101
References 102
Chapter 8: Kinetics of Transmission Through and Reflection from Interfaces in Nanostructures 104
8.1 Introduction 104
8.2 Propagator for the Schrödinger Equation 105
8.3 Time-Dependent Probability Density of Finding a Particle in Different Spatial Regions 111
8.4 Numerical Modeling 114
8.5 Summary 118
References 119
Chapter 9: Modeling Optical Characteristics of Multilayer Nanoparticles of Different Sizes for Applications in Biomedicine 120
9.1 Introduction 120
9.2 Theoretical Justification 121
9.2.1 Mathematical Model 121
9.3 Materials 124
9.4 Results and Discussion 127
9.5 Conclusions 133
References 133
Chapter 10: Effect of Concentrated Light on Boron Nitride Nanostructures Formation 135
10.1 Introduction 135
10.2 Methodology 136
10.3 Process of Nanostructures Formation from h-BN 139
10.4 Process of Nanostructures Formation from Boron 145
10.5 Synthesis By-Products 146
10.6 Summary and Outlook 147
References 147
Chapter 11: Time-Dependent Absorption Spectra of 1D, 2D Plasmonic Structures Obtained by the Ordering of Ag Nanoparticles in P... 149
11.1 Introduction 149
11.2 Fabrication of Periodic Structures by Holographic Method 150
11.3 Spectral-Kinetic Measurements 153
11.4 Results and Discussion 154
11.5 Conclusion 157
References 158
Part III: Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces 160
Chapter 12: Composite Coatings Formed by Complex Methods of Surface Hardening 161
12.1 Introduction 161
12.2 Materials and Methods 161
12.3 Discussion 163
12.4 Conclusion 170
References 170
Chapter 13: Influence of Annealing in Vacuum on Kinetics of Dispersion-Coagulation of Niobium and Hafnium Nanofilms Deposited ... 171
13.1 Introduction 171
13.2 Materials and Experimental Methods 172
13.3 Results and Discussion 172
13.4 Conclusions 176
References 178
Chapter 14: Colloid-Chemical Modification of Peloids with Nano- and Microparticles of Natural Minerals and Their Practical Use 179
14.1 Introduction 179
14.2 Principles of Physicochemical Geomechanics and Mechanisms of Nano- and Microparticle Formation in Ferrioxide-Silicate Cla... 180
14.3 Materials and Investigation Methods 183
14.4 Experimental Results and Their Discussion 183
14.4.1 Physicochemical Properties and Chemical Composition of the Black Sea Peloids 183
14.4.2 Microbiological Investigations 185
14.4.3 Influence of Nanodispersed Inorganic Additives on Balneological Peloid Activity 187
14.5 Conclusions 191
References 192
Chapter 15: Anodic Nanostructuring of Titanium Oxide 194
15.1 Introduction 194
15.2 Film Fabrication and Characterization Techniques 195
15.3 Results 195
15.4 Analysis 199
15.5 Conclusions 201
References 201
Chapter 16: About the Possibility of Quantum Interference Transitions and Entanglement in Vacancies and Divacancies of Silicon 202
16.1 Introduction 202
16.2 Vacancies and Divacancies in Silicon: The Literary Data 203
16.3 The Interference Phenomena in the Quantum Systems 210
16.3.1 The Superposition´s States in Quantum Systems 210
16.3.2 The Consideration of the Literary Data on Vacancy and Divacancy in Silicon from a Standpoint of Existences of Quantum S... 211
16.4 Conclusion 215
References 216
Chapter 17: Surface Pattern Formation in 2D System of Liquid Crystalline Molecules 217
17.1 Introduction 217
17.2 Onsager Theory 218
17.3 Results 220
17.4 Summary 224
References 225
Chapter 18: Non-equilibrium Plasma-Assisted Hydrophase Ferritization in F2+-Ni2+-SO42--OH- System 227
18.1 Introduction 227
18.2 Experimental 228
18.3 Results and Discussion 229
18.4 Conclusion 232
References 233
Chapter 19: The Nature of Carbon Vacancies Initiating Graphite Oxidation 235
19.1 Introduction 235
19.2 Computational Method 236
19.3 Results and Discussion 237
19.4 Conclusions 241
References 242
Chapter 20: Conditions of Spontaneous Growth of Iron Subnanocluster: The Influence of Impurity Atoms 244
20.1 Introduction 244
20.2 Method 246
20.3 Result and Discussion 247
20.3.1 The Case of One Ni Atom 247
Carbon Atom Located in a Central Octahedral Interstitial Site 247
The Carbon Atom Located on the Potential Barrier 250
The Carbon Atom on the Surface 251
20.3.2 The Case of Two Ni Atoms 252
Carbon Atom in the Center of the Cell 252
Estimation of Growth of Energy Delta1 254
Estimation of Energy Gain Delta2 and Energy Advantage Delta3 254
20.4 Conclusion 255
References 256
Chapter 21: Large-Scale Solution for Superhydrophobic Surfaces 259
21.1 Background 259
21.2 Methods 261
21.2.1 Materials, Equipment, and Coating Preparation 261
21.2.2 Filler Surface Treatment 261
21.3 Results and Discussion 261
21.3.1 Microscale Structure Formation 262
21.3.2 Nanoscale Structure Formation 267
21.4 Conclusions 269
21.5 Competing Interests 269
21.6 Author´s Contributions 270
References 270
Chapter 22: Comparison of Stability Properties of Nanozirconia Aqueous Suspension in the Presence of Selected Biopolymers 272
22.1 Introduction 272
22.2 Materials 273
22.3 Experimental Methods 274
22.3.1 Potentiometric Titration 274
22.3.2 Electrokinetic Potential Measurements 274
22.3.3 Adsorption Measurements 275
22.3.4 Stability Measurements 275
22.4 Results 276
22.5 Discussion 277
References 283
Part IV: Nanochemistry and Biotechnology 285
Chapter 23: Hierarchical Structure of the Derma Affected by Chemical Treatment and Filling with Bentonite: Diagnostics with a ... 286
23.1 Multilevel Organization of the Derma. Investigation of Porous Structure of the Composites 286
23.1.1 Chemical Treatment of the Derma and Its Modification with Bentonite: Characterization of the Composites 288
23.1.2 Main Characteristics of Porous Structure 289
23.1.3 Quantitative Analysis of Pore Size Distributions 292
23.1.4 Transformation of Porous Structure Before Tanning 293
23.1.5 Tanning and Retanning 294
23.1.6 Filling with Betonite 296
23.1.7 Contributions of Structure Elements into Total Porosity 297
23.1.8 Conclusions 298
References 298
Chapter 24: Structured Silicon Surface via Cavitation Processing for the Photovoltaic and Biomedical Application 300
24.1 Introduction 300
24.2 Experiment 301
24.2.1 Materials 301
24.2.2 The Ultrasonic Processing 302
24.2.3 Material Characterization 303
24.3 Results and Discussions 303
24.3.1 Surface Morphology and Elemental Composition 303
24.3.2 Ellipsometry 306
24.3.3 XRD Investigation 306
24.3.4 mu-Raman Investigations 307
24.3.5 Multifunctional Application of Silicon Strained and Structured via Cavitation Effect 309
24.4 Conclusions 311
References 311
Chapter 25: Molecular Dynamics Simulations of N-Acetyl-p-aminophenol Molecules Embedded in High-Density Lipoprotein 313
25.1 Introduction 313
25.2 Simulation Details 313
25.3 Results 314
25.4 Conclusions 318
References 318
Chapter 26: Computer Simulations of Homocysteine Molecules Embedded in High-Density Lipoprotein 321
26.1 Introduction 321
26.2 Simulation Details 321
26.3 Results 322
26.4 Conclusions 325
References 325
Chapter 27: Comparative Study of Ferromagnetic and Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Loaded with Antitumor Drug Doxor... 329
27.1 Introduction 329
27.2 Experimental Studies 331
27.2.1 Magneto-Mechanochemical Synthesis 331
27.2.2 Magnetic Studies 331
27.2.3 Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy 331
27.2.4 Absorption Spectroscopy 332
27.2.5 The Interaction Between Magnetic Field and Magnetic Nanoparticles 332
27.3 Results and Discussion 332
27.3.1 Magnetic Studies 332
27.3.2 ESR Spectroscopy Study 334
27.3.3 Absorption Spectroscopy Study 335
27.3.4 The Interaction Between Magnetic Field and Magnetic Nanoparticles 336
27.4 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 337
References 337
Chapter 28: The Effect of the Synthesis Conditions on Morphology of Tin (IV) Oxide Obtained by Vapor Transport Method 339
28.1 General 339
28.1.1 Introduction 339
28.1.2 Methods of Obtaining Tin (IV) Oxide 340
28.2 Experimental 341
28.2.1 Obtaining of Tin (IV) Oxide Samples 341
28.2.2 X-Ray Analysis 342
28.2.3 Microscopy 346
28.3 Conclusions 347
References 348
Chapter 29: Effect of Aluminum-Based Colloid Solutions on Purification of Products of Sugar Production 350
29.1 Introduction 350
29.2 Method of Producing the Encapsulated Al Nanopowder and High-Viscosity Suspension Preparation, Using Encapsulated Al Nanop... 353
29.3 Application of High-Viscosity Colloid Solutions on the Aluminum Base for Additional Treatment of Semi-Products in the Bee... 356
29.4 Conclusions 360
References 360
Chapter 30: Non-covalent Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes for Efficient Gene Delivery 362
30.1 Introduction 362
30.2 CNTs for Delivery of Genes: Key Points 363
30.3 Functionalization of CNTs 365
30.3.1 Non-covalent Functionalization of CNTs 366
30.3.2 Biological Compounds for Non-covalent Dispersion of CNTs 367
30.4 Conclusions 370
References 370
Chapter 31: Photocatalytic Properties of Semiconductor Dye-Polymer Films 378
31.1 Introduction 378
31.2 Experimental 379
31.2.1 Samples 379
31.2.2 Observation and Measurements 381
31.3 Results and Discussion 381
31.4 Conclusions 384
References 385
Chapter 32: Branched Copolymers Dextran-Graft-Polyacrylamide as Nanocarriers for Delivery of Gold Nanoparticles and Photosensi... 386
32.1 Materials 387
32.1.1 AuNPs Preparation 387
32.1.2 Photosensitizing Nanocomposite Creation 388
32.2 Methods 388
32.2.1 UV-Visible Spectroscopy 388
32.2.2 Transmission Electron Microscopy 388
32.2.3 Quasi-Elastic Light Scattering 388
32.2.4 Singlet Oxygen Registration 389
32.2.5 Experiments on Malignant Cells In Vitro 389
32.2.6 Experiments In Vivo 389
32.3 Results and Discussion 390
References 396
Chapter 33: Supercritical Water as Nanomedium for Gasification of Lignite-Water Suspension 398
33.1 Introduction 398
33.2 Materials and Methods 400
33.3 Results and Discussion 400
33.3.1 Supercritical Gasification 400
33.3.2 Origin of Elements 401
33.3.3 The Influence of Reactive Medium 403
33.3.4 General Scheme of Lignite Gasification in Supercritical Water 405
33.4 Conclusions 406
References 407
Chapter 34: Coding of Amino Acids by Nucleotides: Consideration of the Problem from the Viewpoint of Physics of Proteins 408
34.1 Introduction 408
34.2 Materials, Methods, Results and Discussions 410
34.3 Conclusions 419
References 420
Chapter 35: Amine-Functionalized Nanospheres, Synthesized Using 1.2-Bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane 421
35.1 Introduction 421
35.2 Experimental 422
35.2.1 Materials 422
35.2.2 Synthesis of Particles 422
35.2.3 Methods 422
35.3 Results and Discussion 423
35.4 Conclusions 430
References 430
Chapter 36: The Influence of Cu Co Nanoparticles on Growth Characteristics and Biochemical Structure of Mentha Longifolia In ... 432
36.1 Introduction 432
36.2 Method to Produce the Object of Research 433
36.3 Results and their discussion 434
References 440
Part V: Nanocomposites and Nanomaterials 442
Chapter 37: Gel Nanocomposites with Immobilized Bioelements for Plant Nutrition 443
37.1 Introduction 443
37.2 Experiment 446
37.3 Results and Discussion 447
37.3.1 Hydrogel Nanocomposite 447
37.3.2 Biogel Nanocomposite 448
37.3.3 Study on Prolonged Desorption of Bioelements from Gel Nanocomposites 451
37.3.4 Vegetation Experiments 451
37.4 Conclusions 452
References 453
Chapter 38: Nanocomposites Based on Multicomponent Polymer Matrices and Nanofiller Densil for Biomedical Application 455
38.1 Introduction 455
38.2 Materials and Testing Methods 456
38.2.1 Materials 456
38.2.2 Testing Methods 457
Vapor Sorption and Thermodynamic Calculations 457
Small-Angle X-ray Scattering 458
Dynamic Mechanical Analysis 458
Mechanical Testing 458
38.3 Results and Discussion 459
38.3.1 Thermodynamic of Polymer-Filler Interactions in the Nanocomposites 459
38.3.2 Structure Peculiarities of the Nanocomposites by SAXS 462
38.3.3 Dynamic Mechanical Properties of the Nanocomposites 467
38.3.4 Mechanical Properties of the Nanocomposites 474
38.4 Conclusion 475
References 476
Chapter 39: Effects of Dispersion and Ultraviolet/Ozonolysis Functionalization of Graphite Nanoplatelets on the Electrical Pro... 480
39.1 Introduction 480
39.2 Experimental 482
39.2.1 Preparation of GNPs 482
39.2.2 Preparation of GNPs/Epoxy Composites 482
39.2.3 Characterization Methods 483
39.3 Results and Discussion 483
39.3.1 Effects of Dispersive Methods and UV/Ozone Treatment on Morphology of GNPs 483
39.3.2 Effects of the Dispersive Medium and UV/Ozone Treatment on Surface Chemistry of GNPs 487
39.3.3 Morphology of the GNPs/Epoxy Composites 490
39.3.4 Electrical Properties of the GNPs/Epoxy Nanocomposites 490
39.4 Conclusions 492
References 493
Chapter 40: Polymer Nanocomposites for the Active Layers of Organic Photovoltaics 495
40.1 Introduction 495
40.2 Experimental 496
40.2.1 Manufacturing Techniques of Photosensitive Film Polymer Composites 496
40.3 Results and Discussion 497
40.3.1 The Selection Rules of Polymers for Creation of Polymeric Sensibilized Composites 497
40.3.2 The Selection Rules of Molecular Structure of Polymethine Dyes 500
40.3.3 Photovoltaic Properties of Composite Films in the Visible Spectrum Region 503
40.3.4 Ways to Improve the Sensitivity of Polymer Composites in the Shortwave Spectral Region 506
40.3.5 Prospects for Expansion of Polymer Composites Photosensitivity in Long-Wavelength Region 507
40.4 Conclusions 511
References 512
Chapter 41: Effect of Mechanochemical Treatment of Cellulose on Characteristics of Nanocellulose Films 514
41.1 Background 514
41.2 Methods 515
41.3 Results and Discussions 516
41.4 Conclusions 520
41.5 Competing Interests 520
41.6 Authors´ Contributions 521
References 521
Chapter 42: Electrical and Thermoelectric Properties of the Composite Polytetrafluoroethylene, Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes 523
Chapter 43: Iron Oxides and Their Silica Nanocomposites as Biocompatible Systems for Biomedical Applications 528
43.1 Iron Compounds 528
43.1.1 Preparation of gamma-Fe2O3 529
43.1.2 Preparation of Fe3O4 531
43.2 Silica Materials with Magnetic Properties 532
43.2.1 Silica Materials with Magnetic Properties: Applications 533
Hyperthermia and MRI 535
Targeted Drug Delivery Systems 537
43.3 Conclusions 537
References 538
Chapter 44: Low-Temperature Stage Formation of Interface Composition Systems CuYZrO 542
44.1 Results and Discussions 543
44.2 Conclusion 547
References 547
Chapter 45: Oxidation Resistance of Materials Based on Ti3AlC2 Nanolaminate at 600C in Air 549
45.1 Introduction 549
45.2 Experimental 550
45.3 Results and Discussion 551
45.4 Conclusions 554
References 554
Chapter 46: Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis (SHS): A Simple Route to Carbon-Related Nanomaterials 556
46.1 Introduction 556
46.2 Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis: Experimental 557
46.3 Production of Silicon Carbide Nanowires 558
46.3.1 Reaction Silicides/PTFE 561
46.4 Production of Graphene-Related Nanostructures 567
References 575
Chapter 47: Influence of Treatment Temperature on Microstructure and Properties of YSZ-NiO Anode Materials 576
47.1 Introduction 576
47.2 Experimental 577
47.3 Results and Discussions 578
47.3.1 Thermodynamics of the Reduction and Oxidation Stages 578
47.3.2 The Treatment Temperature of 600C 579
47.3.3 The Treatment Temperature of 800C 582
47.4 Conclusions 584
References 585
Index 586