Human Retroviruses

Virion Attachment & Entry: HIV gp120 Env Biotinylation, gp120 Env, or Integrin Ligand Binding Assay.- CryoEM Analysis of Capsid Assembly and Structural Changes Upon Interactions with a Host Restriction Factor, TRIM5α.- The Fate of HIV-1 Capsid: A Biochemical Assay for HIV-1 Uncoating.- The Cyclosporin A Washout Assay to Detect HIV-1 Uncoating in Infected Cells.- Imaging HIV-1 Nuclear Pre-Integration Complexes.- HIV-1 Reverse Transcription.- RNase H: Specificity, Mechanisms of Action, and Antiviral Target.- HIV-1 Chromatin, Transcription, and the Regulatory Protein Tat.- HIV-1 Rev Function and RNA Nuclear-Cytoplasmic Export.- HIV-1 Accessory Proteins: Nef.- HIV-1 Accessory Proteins: VpR.- HIV-1 Accessory Proteins: Vpu and Vif.- SIVSM/HIV-2 Vpx Proteins : Function and Uses in the Infection of Primary Myeloid Cells.- Imaging of HIV Assembly and Release.- HIV-1 Isolation from Infected Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells.- Determination of HIV-1 Co-Receptor Usage.- The Macrophage and HIV: Basic Concepts and Methodologies.- HIV Infection of Dendritic Cells.- Histocultures (Tissue Explants) in Human Retrovirology.- Single Copy Quantification of HIV-1 in Clinical Samples.- Quantification of Total HIV1-DNA in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells.- HIV-1 Based Lentiviral Vectors.- Quantification of miRNA by Poly(A)-RT-qPCR Arrays and Verification of Target Sites in HIV-1 Using a One-LTR Infectious Molecular Clone.- Investigating Human T Cell Lymphotropic Retrovirus (HTLV) Tax Function with Molecular and Immunophenotypic Techniques.- Proviral Load Determination of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 in Patients’ Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Real-Time PCR.- Quantitative Analysis of HumanT-Lymphotropic  Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Gene Expression Using Nucleo-Cytoplasmic Fractionation and Splice Junction-Specific Real Time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR).