Systems Biology

The Structure and Function of Living Organisms.- General physiochemical properties of biological structures.- Self-organization.- Hypothesis - Protein folding simulation hypothesis - late stage intermediate - role of water.- Energy in Biology - Demand and Use.- General principles of thermodynamics.- Biological energy sources - synthesis of water.- ATP synthesis.- Photosynthesis.- Direct and indirect exploitation of energy sources.-
Energy conversion efficiency in biological processes.- Entropic effects.- Energy requirements of organisms.- Information - Its Role and Meaning in Organisms.- Information as a quantitative concept.
- Reliability of information sources.- Types of information conveyed by DNA.- Information entropy and mechanisms assisting selection.-
The role of information in interpreting pathological events.-
Hypothesis - Protein folding early stage intermediate.- Regulation in Biological Systems.- The cell and the organism.- The principle and mechanism of automatic intracellular regulation.- Regulatory coupling between cells and organisms - hierarchical properties of regulation.-
Regulatory mechanisms on the organism level.- Basic principles of regulation in biology.- Regulation levels.- Hypothesis - Proteome construction hypothesis.- Interrelationships in Organized Biological Systems.- The need of mutual relations in biological systems.-
Cooperation and coordination.- The characteristics of process coordination in individual cells and organisms.- Mutual relationship between cells and the organism - activation and inhibition of enzymes (rapid effects).- Mutual support between cells and the organism - interdependence related to gene expression (slow effects).-
Specialization of cell interrelationships.- Hypothesis - The criteria of life.