Photoptics 2015 (eBook)

Preface 6
Organization 8
Conference Chair 8
Program Chair 8
Local Chair 8
Program Committee 8
Invited Speakers 13
Contents 14
Contributors 16
Invited Paper 19
1 Fiber Microstructure Sensors Based on Focused Ion Beam Technology 20
Abstract 20
1.1 Introduction 20
1.2 Focused Ion Beam Technology 21
1.2.1 Focused Ion Beam System 22
1.2.1.1 Sources 22
1.2.1.2 FIB Column and Chamber 22
1.2.2 Ion-Substrate Interaction 22
1.2.3 Focused Ion Beam Operation 23
1.3 Focused Ion Beam Optical Fiber Applications 25
1.3.1 Fabry-Perot Micro-Cavity 26
1.3.2 Bragg Micro-grating 28
1.4 Concluding Remarks 30
References 30
Optics 33
2 Focus on the Distal Assembly of a Nonlinear Endomicroscope: A Gradient Index Lens Coupled with a Piezoelectric Scanner for Fluorescence Lifetime Measurements 34
Abstract 34
2.1 Introduction 35
2.2 Experimental Characterization of the GRIN Lens 36
2.2.1 Definition of the GRIN Lenses 36
2.2.2 Analysis of the Background Fluorescence 37
2.2.2.1 Background Fluorescence Highlighted 37
2.2.2.2 Spectral Analysis of the Background Fluorescence 37
2.2.2.3 GRIN Lens for Lifetime Measurements 40
2.2.3 GRIN Lens Resolution Measurement 42
2.3 Numerical Analysis of the Global Endomicroscope 43
2.3.1 PZT Scanning System 43
2.3.2 Simulation of the Optimal Distance Between the DCF and the GRIN Lens 44
2.4 Conclusions 46
Acknowledgements 47
References 47
3 Improvement of Transverse Offset-Based Single-Mode-Multimode-Single-Mode- Fiber Structure for DPSK Signal Demodulation 49
Abstract 49
3.1 Introduction 49
3.2 The Design of the Proposed All-Fiber MZI 51
3.2.1 Coupling Modes in the Proposed SMS Structure 51
3.2.2 Design of the Proposed SMS Structure Working as an MZI 54
3.3 Experiment 57
3.4 Proposed MZI for DPSK Signal Demodulation 59
3.4.1 Back-to-Back Sensitivity 60
3.4.2 Narrowband Optical Filtering 61
3.4.3 Differential Group Delay (DGD) Tolerance 63
3.5 Conclusion 63
Acknowledgements 64
References 64
4 Application of Laser Photoacoustic Spectroscopy and Chemometrics in Homeland Security 66
Abstract 66
4.1 Introduction 66
4.2 Materials and Methods 67
4.3 Results 69
4.4 Principal Component Analysis 71
4.5 Conclusions 74
Acknowledgements 75
References 75
5 Fibre Bragg Grating Sensor Signal Post-processing Algorithm: Crack Growth Monitoring in Fibre Reinforced Plastic Structures 76
Abstract 76
5.1 Introduction 76
5.1.1 Fibre Reinforced Polymer Materials 76
5.1.2 FRP Failure and Damage Mechanism 77
5.1.3 Crack/Delamination Detection in Fibre Reinforced Polymer Materials 79
5.1.4 Crack/Delamination Detection by Embedded Fibre Bragg Gratings 80
5.2 Fibre Bragg Grating Working Principle 81
5.2.1 Fibre Bragg Grating Response to Uniform Variation of Strain and/or Temperature 82
5.2.2 Fibre Bragg Grating Response Under Transverse Force: Birefringent Effect 82
5.2.3 Fibre Bragg Grating Response Under Non-uniform Strain 83
5.3 Crack Detection Algorithm 83
5.4 Material and Experimental Procedure 86
5.4.1 Material and Testing Procedure 86
5.5 FBG Response to Crack Growth: Experimental Results 87
5.6 Discussion of Results 89
5.7 Conclusions 92
Acknowledgements 92
References 92
Photonics 94
6 Free-Space Millimeter-Wave Electro-optic Modulators Using Quasi-Phase-Matching Gap-Embedded-Patch-Antennas on Low Dielectric Constant Substrate 95
Abstract 95
6.1 Introduction 95
6.2 Device Proposal and Operational Principle 97
6.3 Device Analysis and Design 99
6.3.1 Millimeter-Wave Analysis 99
6.3.1.1 Displacement Current 99
6.3.1.2 Patch-Antenna Size 100
6.3.1.3 EO Crystal Types 101
6.3.1.4 EO Crystal Thickness 101
6.3.1.5 Millimeter-Wave Polarization 102
6.3.2 Optical Modulation 102
6.3.2.1 Transit-Time Effect 102
6.3.2.2 QPM Array 104
6.3.2.3 Free-Space Irradiation Angle 105
6.4 Device Realization and Characterization 106
6.4.1 Realization Process 106
6.4.2 Characterization 107
6.5 Fiber-Wireless Links 109
6.6 Promising Device Functions and Applications 110
6.7 Conclusion 112
Acknowledgements 113
References 113
7 An Efficient Optimization Problem for Modal Reflectivity at Optical Waveguide End-Facet Based on the Formulation of Characteristic Green’s Function Technique 116
Abstract 116
7.1 Introduction 116
7.2 CGF-RFFM Formulation 118
7.2.1 CGF Technique and Separability Assumption 118
7.2.2 CGF-RFFM 120
7.3 Optimization Problem 122
7.4 Numerical Results 123
7.5 Conclusion 126
References 127
8 Effect of Exponentially Graded Material on Photonic and Omni-Directional Band Gaps in 1-D Photonic Crystals 129
Abstract 129
8.1 Introduction 129
8.2 Theoretical Description 130
8.3 Numerical Results and Discussion 133
8.3.1 Effect of Layer Thickness on Photonic Band Gaps in 1-D GPC Structures 134
8.3.2 Study of the Omni-Directional Band Gap in 1-D GPC Structures 142
8.3.3 Effect of the Ratio of ni and nf on the Photonic Band Gap 146
8.4 Conclusion 152
Acknowledgements 153
References 153
9 Smith-Purcell Based Terahertz Frequency Multiplier: Three Dimensional Analysis 155
Abstract 155
9.1 Introduction 156
9.2 Simulation Model 157
9.3 Simulation Results 159
9.4 Conclusions 164
Acknowledgements 164
References 164
10 Stochastic Resonances and Gated Detection in Photon Number Resolving Detectors 166
Abstract 166
10.1 Introduction 166
10.2 Detector Characterization 167
10.2.1 Efficiency 168
10.2.2 Detection Probabilities and Stochastic Resonance 170
10.3 Resolving Photon Numbers 173
10.3.1 Experimental Setup 174
10.3.2 Timing Synchronization in MPRD 175
10.3.3 Photon Redistribution Statistics 175
10.4 Conclusions 177
Acknowledgements 177
Appendix 177
References 180
11 Design Optimization of Silicon-on-Insulator Slot-Waveguides for Electro-optical Modulators and Biosensors 182
Abstract 182
11.1 Introduction 182
11.2 Silicon-on-Insulator Slot-Waveguides 183
11.2.1 Theoretical Background 183
11.2.2 State-of-the-Art 185
11.3 Simulation of Slot-Waveguides 186
11.3.1 Field Confinement Factor of Slot-Waveguides 187
11.3.2 Effective Nonlinear Area of Slot-Waveguides 189
11.4 Results and Discussion 190
11.5 Conclusion 194
Acknowledgements 194
References 194
Author Index 197
Index 198