Marine Pollution

Part 1 What is pollution?: categories of additions; nature of inputs; sources of inputs; defining pollution; priorities; cost of pollution abatement. Part 2 Oxygen-demanding wastes: oxygen demand; the dilution factor; oxygen budget; fluctations in dissolved oxygen; estuaries; sewage treatment; disposal of sewage sludge; consequences of organic discharges to estuaries; consequences of sludge dumping at sea; enrichment and eutrophication; public health risks. Part 3 Oil pollution: inputs; what is oil?; fate of spilled oil; treatment of oil at sea; beach cleaning; toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons; ecological impact of oil pollution; impact of refinery waste water; impact of offshore operations; public health risk from oil pollution; commercial damage from oil pollution. Part 4 Conservative pollutants: measures of contamination; toxicity; acute and chronic exposure; detoxication. Part 5 Metals: input routes; atmospheric inputs; uptake of metals; mercury; cadmium; copper; lead; iron; tin. Part 6 Halogenated hydrocarbons: low-molecular-weight compounds; pesticides and PBCs; ocean incineration; inputs to the marine environment; fate in the sea; biological effects of halogenated hydrocarbons; environmental impact of halogenated hydrocarbons; persistence of contamination; threat to human health. Part 7 Radioactivity: nature of radioactivity; units; inputs of radioactivity to the sea; ecological impact of radioactivity; hazard to human health. Part 8 Solid wastes and heat: dredging spoil and industrial solid wastes; plastics; munitions; heat. Part 9 The state of some seas: the North Sea; the Mediterranean Sea; the Baltic Sea; the Caribbean; the Caspian Sea. Part 10 Assessing pollution damage: the need for quantitative assessment; the seriousness of pollution damage; assessment of damage; problems of measuring pollution impact; the place of science in pollution assessment.