Laser Fragmentation and Melting of Particles (eBook)

After his study of bioengineering at the Technical University Braunschweig, Marcus Lau executed his diploma thesis at the Laser Zentrum Hannover. He executed his doctoral research at the department of Technical Chemistry I at the University of Duisburg-Essen.

On the shoulders of giants 6
Preface 7
Content 9
List of Figures 11
List of Tables 14
Abbreviations 15
Physical parameters 17
1 Introduction 19
2 State of the art 22
2.1 Zinc oxide 23
2.2 Gold nanoparticles 26
2.3 Different lasers for one application – particle processing 28
2.4 Interaction of light with particles 31
2.5 Fundamentals of laser fragmentation 35
2.5.1 Interaction of laser light with non-metallic particles 36
2.5.2 Interaction of laser light with metallic particles 39
2.6 Fundamentals of pulsed laser melting in liquids 43
3 Materials and methods 48
3.1 Materials and instruments 48
3.2 Experimental design 53
4 Results and discussion 58
4.1 Laser fragmentation 60
4.1.1 Quantification of mass-specific laser energy input converted into particle properties during picosecond pulsed laserfragmentation of zinc oxide and boron carbide in liquids 60
4.1.2 Influence of particle mass on laser fragmentation efficiencyand process limitations 78
4.1.3 Laser fragmentation of supported particles: gold on zincoxide 84
4.1.4 Ligand-free gold atom clusters adsorbed on graphene nanosheets generated by oxidative laser fragmentation in water 88
4.1.5 Laser-induced chemical conversion of particle suspensions 99
4.1.5.1 Fragmentation of copper compounds – laser-induced reduction 99
4.1.5.2 Fragmentation of aluminum particles – laser-induced oxidation 107
4.2 Laser melting 112
4.2.1 Pulsed laser melting in liquids (PLML) for the fabrication ofsub-micrometer spheres (SMS) 112
4.2.3 Near-field-enhanced, off-resonant laser sintering of semiconductor particles for additive manufacturing ofdispersed Au-ZnO-micro/nano hybrid structures 135
4.3 Key figures for laser irradiation of particles in the passagereactor 148
4.3.1 Exemplary calculations for PLFL of ZnO 155
4.3.2 Optimization of PLFL using key figures 159
5 Summary and conclusion 163
6 Outlook 166
7 Literature 168
8 Appendix 201
8.1 Supplementary Data 201
List of Figures in the Appendix 201
1. Available number of reactive oxidative species 221
2. Redox potential 222
3. TEM images of laser generated gold nanoparticles 222
4. HR-TEM of Au clusters and Au clusters on GNS 224
5. Analytical disc centrifuge (ADC) analysis 226
6. Isoelectric point and size distribution measured bydynamic light scattering 228
8.2 List of authored and co-authored publications 266
8.3 Declaration 271