Essentials of Modern Optical Fiber Communication (eBook)

Reinhold Noé is Professor for Optical Communication and High-Frequency Engineering at Paderborn University in Germany, since 1992. He has been working for Infineon (2001), Siemens (1988-1992) and Bellcore (1987-1988). He obtained Dr.-Ing. (1987)  and Dipl.-Ing. (1984) degrees in Electrical Engineering from Technical University of Munich, Germany. With his coworkers, he received the Innovation Prize of the Land Northrhine-Westphalia in the category Innovation (2008), founded Novoptel GmbH (2010) and has authored about 300 journal and conference publications.

Preface 5
Contents 6
1 Introduction 8
2 Optical Waves in Fibers and Components 10
2.1 Electromagnetic Fundamentals 10
2.1.1 Maxwell’s Equations 10
2.1.2 Boundary Conditions 13
2.1.3 Wave Equation 15
2.1.4 Homogeneous Plane Wave in Isotropic Homogeneous Medium 17
2.1.5 Power and Energy 20
2.2 Dielectric Waveguides 35
2.2.1 Dielectric Slab Waveguide 36
2.2.2 Cylindrical Dielectric Waveguide 45
2.3 Polarization 59
2.3.1 Representing States-of-Polarization 59
2.3.2 Anisotropy, Index Ellipsoid 65
2.3.3 Jones Matrices, Müller Matrices 72
2.3.4 Monochromatic Polarization Transmission 89
2.3.5 Polarization Mode Dispersion 99
2.3.6 Polarization-Dependent Loss 107
2.4 Linear Electrooptic Effect 113
2.4.1 Phase Modulation 113
2.4.2 Soleil-Babinet Compensator 117
2.5 Mode Coupling 121
2.5.1 Mode Orthogonality 121
2.5.2 Mode Coupling Theory 126
2.5.3 Codirectional Coupling in Anisotropic Waveguide 129
2.5.4 Codirectional Coupling of Two Waveguides 136
2.5.5 Periodic Codirectional Coupling 142
2.5.6 Periodic Counterdirectional Coupling 147
2.6 Differential Group Delay Profiles 149
2.6.1 DGD Profiles and Discrete Mode Coupling 149
2.6.2 Polarization Mode Dispersion Compensation 155
2.6.3 Chromatic Dispersion Compensation 161
2.6.4 Fourier Expansion of Mode Coupling 167
2.6.5 DGD and PDL Profiles Determined by Inverse Scattering 172
2.7 Nonlinearities in Optical Fibers 176
2.7.1 Self Phase Modulation 177
2.7.2 Cross Phase Modulation 188
2.7.3 Four-Wave Mixing 191
3 Optical Fiber Communication Systems 195
3.1 Standard Systems with Direct Optical Detection 195
3.1.1 Signal Generation, Transmission, and Detection 195
3.1.2 Regeneration of Binary Signals 212
3.1.3 Circuits and Clock Recovery 220
3.2 Advanced Systems with Direct Detection 228
3.2.1 Photon Distributions 228
3.2.2 Noise Figure of Optical Amplifier 234
3.2.3 Intensity Distributions 238
3.2.4 Receivers for Amplitude Shift Keying 242
3.2.5 Receivers for Differential Phase Shift Keying 247
3.2.6 Polarization Division Multiplex 262
3.3 Coherent Optical Transmission 268
3.3.1 Receivers with Synchronous Demodulation 268
3.3.2 Carrier Recovery 279
3.3.3 Receivers with Asynchronous Demodulation 289
3.3.4 Laser Linewidth Requirements 293
3.3.5 Digital Coherent QPSK Receiver 300
3.3.6 Digital Coherent QAM Receiver 312
3.3.7 Other Modulation Schemes 330
References 333
Index 341