Growth and Characterization of Bulk Superconductor Material (eBook)

Preface 6
Contents 10
1 The K2NiF4-Type Cuprate Superconductors La2?xMxCuO4 (M=Ba, Sr, Ca) 13
Abstract 13
1.1 Introduction 13
1.2 Phase Diagram and Distribution Coefficient of Dopants in La2CuO4 16
1.3 Travelling-Solvent Floating-Zone (TSFZ) Technique 18
1.4 TSFZ Growth and Characterization of La2?xMxCuO4 20
1.5 Doping Effect on Superconductivity: 1/8 Anomaly in La2?xBaxCuO4 and Magic Doping Concentrations in La2?xSrxCuO4 24
1.6 Concluding Remarks 30
References 31
2 YBCO and Some Other Rare Earth Cuprates 34
Abstract 34
2.1 Introduction 34
2.2 Phase Diagram 35
2.3 Centimeter-Sized Single Crystal Growth of Y-123 and RE-123 38
2.4 Ferroelastic Detwinning 44
2.5 Defects and Etch Pits in Y-123 46
2.6 Flux Growth of Pure and Doped Y-124 50
References 54
3 Bi-Based High-Tc Superconductors 57
Abstract 57
3.1 Introduction 57
3.2 Undoped Bi-2201 Compound 58
3.2.1 Material Chemistry 59
3.2.2 Phase Diagram 60
3.2.3 Flux Growth 63
3.2.4 Floating Zone (FZ) Growth of Large Crystals 64
3.2.4.1 Crystal Growth and Characterization 65
3.2.4.2 Superconductivity 68
3.3 La-Doped Bi-2201 69
3.3.1 Flux Growth 70
3.3.2 FZ Growth 71
3.3.3 Superconductivity 77
3.4 Pb-Doped Bi-2201 78
3.4.1 FZ Growth 79
3.4.2 Post Growth Annealing and Superconductivity 81
3.5 Bi-2212 Compound 82
3.5.1 Flux Growth 82
3.5.2 Bridgman Growth 88
3.5.3 FZ Growth of Large-Size Crystals 92
3.5.3.1 Growth Conditions and Sample Characterization 92
3.5.3.2 Effect of Oxygen Annealing on Superconductivity 102
3.6 Bi-2223 Compound 104
3.6.1 Main Growth Difficulties 104
3.6.2 Flux Growth 106
3.6.3 FZ Growth 108
3.6.3.1 Growth of Pure and Pb-Doped Samples 109
3.6.3.2 Sample Characterization 114
3.6.3.3 Effect of Post-growth Treatment on Superconductivity 117
References 120
4 Crystal Growth and Characterization of NaxCoO2 and NaxCoO2·yH2O 124
Abstract 124
4.1 Introduction 124
4.2 Two-Layer NaxCoO2 126
4.2.1 Single Crystal Growth 127
4.2.1.1 Single Crystal Growth by the Flux Method 127
4.2.1.2 Single Crystal Growth by Optical Floating Zone Method 128
4.2.2 Melting Behavior of Two-Layer NaxCoO2 129
4.2.2.1 Crystal Growth, Morphology, and Composition 130
4.2.3 Sodium Extraction and Hydration 134
4.2.4 Hydration Dynamics 135
4.2.5 Deintercalation Process 138
4.3 Three-Layer NaxCoO2 140
4.3.1 Crystal Structure 140
4.3.2 Single Crystal Growth 140
4.4 Sodium Cobalt Oxyhydrates Superconductor 143
4.4.1 Crystal Structure 144
4.4.2 Superconductivity and Phase Diagram 146
4.5 Conclusion 149
References 149
5 Crystal Growth and Characterization of Iron-Based Superconductor 152
Abstract 152
5.1 Introduction 152
5.2 122 Type AFe2As2 (A=Ba, Sr) 154
5.2.1 Single Crystal Growth by the Flux Method 155
5.2.2 Features of K Doped Crystals Grown from Sn Flux and Self-flux 157
5.2.2.1 Crystal Morphology and Crystal Structure 157
5.2.2.2 Transport and Magnetic Properties 158
5.2.2.3 Sn in the Crystal Structure and Dopant Distribution 159
5.2.2.4 Relationship Between Antiferromagnetic Order and Superconductivity 160
5.3 Electron/Hole-Doped BaFe2?xMxAs2 (M=Mn, Cr, Co, and Ni) 162
5.3.1 Crystal Structure and Segregation Coefficient 163
5.3.2 Annealing Effect on the Superconductivity 164
5.4 Isovalently Doped BaFe2(As1?XPx)2 Single Crystals Grown by the Bridgman Method 165
5.5 122 Type Iron Chalcogenides AxFe2?ySe2 (A=K, Rb and Cs) 167
5.5.1 Single Crystal Growth 168
5.5.1.1 Self-flux Method 168
5.5.1.2 Floating Zone Method 168
5.5.2 Microstructure and Phase Separation 171
5.6 11 Type Iron Chalcogenides 173
5.6.1 Binary FeSe Crystal Growth by Flux and TSFZ Methods 174
5.6.2 Fe1??Te1?xSex Crystals Grown by the Bridgman and Self-flux Method 178
5.7 111 Type of AFePn (A=Li and Na Pn=P and As)
5.8 1111 Type of Ln(O/F)FePn (Ln=Rare Earth Elements Pn=P and As)
5.9 11111-Type (Li1?xFex)OHFe1–ySe and Its Implication for Iron-Based Family 186
5.9.1 Electronic Phase Diagram 186
5.9.2 Crystal Synthesis via Ion/Cluster Exchange and Strong Two Dimensionality 188
5.9.3 Recent Results by ARPES and STS 193
5.10 Conclusion 194
References 194
Index 201