Geo-Architecture and Landscape in China's Geographic and Historic Context (eBook)

Fang WANG is a registered urban planner and an associate professor in College of Architecture and Landscape Architecture at Peking University. After receiving a Ph. D in Architectural Design and Theory from Tsinghua University, Wang completed her postdoctoral research in geography, with concentration in urban in College of Urban and Environmental Sciences at Peking University. From 2011 to 2012, as a visiting scholar, Ms. Wang joined in the teaching instruction for a studio at Graduate School of Design, Harvard University. She is a member of International Association for China Planning (IACP), the Chinese Academy of City Planning, the Chinese Geographical Society, and the Chinese Architectural Society. Her research introduces geographical philosophy, methods and techniques into urban planning and architectural design which have long been engineering-dominated fields. Her focus is also known as ‘Geo-design’ – research on the influence of geography upon urban planning and design and, reflexively, urban planning and design responses to geography. Wang is an primary author of more than 70 published articles which were published in some important journals, including Journal of Environmental Psychology、International Journal of Tourism Research、Managing Leisure, and she also has authored 2 books and translated a total of 8 books. She has piloted one of China Natural Science Foundation project and 6 provincial and ministry-level funding, and is also as principal partner in 3 other China National Foundation. In addition, she has won the 3rd prize of Excellent Academic Achievements by Chinese National Tourism Administration (2011) and the 2nd prize of Beijing Youth the Outstanding Scientific and Technological Thesis by Beijing Association for Science and Technology (2009).

Foreword 6
Preface 9
1 Geo-Architecture Is not a Label for a Certain Form of Architecture 9
2 Geo-Architecture Is a Research Thinking 10
3 The Research Object Selection for Geo-Architecture 11
Acknowledgments 13
Contents 15
Research Team 18
Notes in Volume 3 19
About the Author 23
Part I Embedments and Highlights 24
1 Introduction 25
1.1 Geographical Origin of the Architecture’s & !blank
1.1.1 Material Basis 26
1.1.2 Spiritual Basis 27
1.2 Architectural Art of “Embedments and Highlights” 28
1.2.1 Location and Shape of Architecture 28
1.2.2 Language and Emotion of Architectures 29
1.3 Summary 30
References 31
2 “Embedments” Cases 32
2.1 Tree-Embracing Pagoda: Hundred-Year-Old Roots Embracing a Tower 32
2.2 Sunken Courtyards: Audible but Invisible 39
2.3 Avalokitesvara Cave in Yandang Mountain: Peaks Embracing Temple Inside 50
2.4 Ancient Cliff House in Yanqing: Amazing Caves as Shelter 57
2.5 Bezeklik Buddhist Caves: One Thousand Buddhas Halfway up the Mountain 64
2.6 Longmen Grottoes: Limestone Cliffs Containing Giant Buddhas 69
2.7 Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang: The Legend of Caves at the Foot of the Gobi Desert Mountain 80
References 90
3 “Highlights” Cases 93
3.1 Golden Summit of Mount Emei: Buddha’s Light in a Single Glance 93
3.2 Yongbulakang Palace: A Shape Similar to a Temple Built on a Doe’s Hind Leg 103
3.3 Shibaozhai Fortress: A Precious Stone by a River and a Fortress on a Mountain 111
3.4 Hanging Monastery of Mount Heng: Ancient Temple Suspended on a Mountainside 122
References 131
Part II Enjoying Mountainsand Rejoicing in Waters 133
4 Introduction 134
4.1 Concept of “Enjoying Mountains and Rejoicing in Waters” 135
4.1.1 Living in Peace: Response to Landscape Habitat 135
4.1.2 Working Happily: Skillfully Making Use of Landscape Resources 136
4.1.3 Enjoying the Scenery: Artistic Concept of the Landscape 137
4.2 Geographical Origin of the Architecture’s “Enjoying Mountains and Rejoicing in Waters” 137
4.2.1 Special Geographical Environment 138
4.2.2 Defense and Living Demand 138
4.2.3 Cognizance of Nature 139
4.2.4 Penetration of Religious Thoughts 140
4.3 Geographical Language of “Enjoying Mountains and Rejoicing in Waters” Architecture 140
4.3.1 Conforming to Landscape Terrain 140
4.3.2 Beyond the Landscape Terrain 141
4.4 Summary 141
References 142
5 “Enjoying Mountains” Cases 143
5.1 Longji Ancient Zhuang and Yao Ethnic Villages: Home on the Terrace Farm 143
5.2 Qikou Hillside Cave Dwelling: Comfort Home at Loess Hill 151
References 160
6 “Rejoicing in Waters” Cases 162
6.1 Three Pagodas of Dali: Beauty of the Reflection in Water 162
6.2 Water Longtang of the Grand Canal: Home by the Canal 174
6.3 Diaojiaolou in Fenghuang Ancient Town: Home by the River 184
References 194
7 “Enjoying Mountains and Rejoicing in Waters” Cases 196
7.1 Crescent Spring Temple Complex: Temple by the Spring Water in Desert 196
7.2 Lamasery in the Badain Jaran Desert: Scenery of a Temple and a Lake by the Sand Hill 206
7.3 Xifengkou Underwater Great Wall: Defense Line Stretching from Ridge to Underwater 212
7.4 Wanyao Ancient Village: Chorus of Pottery Kilns and Hydropower Pestles 218
References 225
Part III The Language of Stone and Earth 228
8 Introduction 229
8.1 Geo-Architecture’ Materials Response: Uncovering Natural Architecture Vocabulary 230
8.1.1 Physical Space 230
8.1.2 Spiritual Qualities 231
8.2 Material Use in Geo-Architecture: The External Expression of Blending Together with Nature 232
8.2.1 Raw Soil Buildings 232
8.2.2 Bamboo and Wood Buildings 232
8.2.3 Masonry 233
8.3 Material Properties of Geo-Architecture: The Overall Expression Combined with the Nature 233
8.3.1 System of Materials 233
8.3.2 Flexibility in Material Choice 234
8.3.3 Using Local Materials 234
8.4 Geo-Architecture Material Selection: Taking from Nature Perfectly 234
8.4.1 Materials and Natural Environment 234
8.4.2 Material and Cultural Environment 236
8.5 Summary 237
References 237
9 “The Language of Stone” Cases 238
9.1 Anzhen Fort: A Secure Fortress in the Tempest 238
9.2 Shujiatang Miao Ethnic Village: Stone Walls, Stone Tiles, Stone Village 246
9.3 Baoshan Stone Town: Naxi People’s Settlement Made of Stone 251
References 256
10 “The Language of Earth” Cases 258
10.1 Kashgar Local Dwellings on High Platform: Rammed Earth Settlement upon Loess Margin 258
10.2 Khara-Khoto: Loess City on the Silk Road 268
References 274
11 “The Language of Bamboo and Wood” Cases 276
11.1 Muleng House by Lugu Lake: Local Wooden House of the Mosuo People 276
11.2 Cuoluozi of the Evenki Ethnic Group: Traditional Houses Built by Pine Wood Poles 288
11.3 Snow Village: Houses, Pines, and Scenery in a Snow World 294
References 301
Appendix 303
Distribution Map of Cases in Volume 3 303
Distribution Map of All Cases in 4 Volumes 306
Related Years and Emperors in Chinese History in 4 Volumes 310