Atomization and Sprays

Arthur H. Lefebvre (1923-2003) was Emeritus Professor at Purdue University. With industrial and academic experience spanning more than four decades, he wrote over 150 technical papers on both fundamental and practical aspects of atomization and combustion. The honors he received include the ASME Gas Turbine and ASME R. Tom Sawyer Awards, ASME George Westinghouse Gold Medal, and the IGTI Scholar Award. He was also the first recipient of the AIAA Propellants and Combustion Award. Vincent G. McDonell is Associate Director of the UCI Combustion Laboratory at the University of California, Irvine, where he also serves as an Adjunct Professor in the Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering department. Dr. McDonell, who received his PhD from the University of California, Irvine, also serves as Vice Chair for the Board of Directors at ILASS-Americas. He has done extensive research work in the areas of atomization and combustion, holds a patent in the area, and has authored or co-authored numerous papers in the field.

Preface

General Considerations

Introduction

Atomization

Atomizers

Factors Influencing Atomization

Spray Characteristics

Applications

Glossary

References

Basic Processes in Atomization

Introduction

Static Drop Formation

Breakup of Drops

Disintegration of Liquid Jets

Disintegration of Liquid Sheets

Summary

Nomenclature

References

Drop Size Distributions of Sprays

Introduction

Graphical Representation of Drop Size Distributions

Mathematical Distribution Functions

Empirical Distribution Functions

Mean Diameters

Representative Diameters

Drop Size Dispersion

Concluding Remarks

Nomenclature

References

Atomizers

Introduction

Atomizer Requirements

Pressure Atomizers

Rotary Atomizers

Air-Assist Atomizers

Airblast Atomizers

Effervescent Atomizers

Electrostatic Atomizers

Ultrasonic Atomizers

Whistle Atomizers

References

Flow in Atomizers

Introduction

Flow Number

Plain-Orifice Atomizer

Pressure-Swirl Atomizer

Rotary Atomizer

Airblast Atomizer

Nomenclature

References

Atomizer Performance

Introduction

Plain-Orifice Atomizer

Pressure-Swirl Atomizers

Rotary Atomizers

Air-Assist Atomizers

Airblast Atomizers

Effervescent Atomizer

Electrostatic Atomizers

Ultrasonic Atomizers

Nomenclature

References

External Spray Characteristics

Introduction

Spray Properties

Penetration

Spray Cone Angle

Circumferential Liquid Distribution

Airblast Atomizers

Drop Drag Coefficients

Nomenclature

References

Drop Evaporation

Introduction

Steady-State Evaporation

Unsteady-State Analysis

Drop Lifetime

Convective Effects on Evaporation

Calculation of Effective Evaporation Constant

Influence of Evaporation on Drop Size Distribution

Drop Burning

Multicomponent Fuel Drops

Nomenclature

References

Spray Size and Patternation Methods

Introduction

Factors Influencing Drop Size Measurement

Mechanical Methods

Electrical Methods

Optical Methods

Concluding Remarks

References

Author Index

Subject Index