Influences of Electric Vehicles on Power System and Key Technologies of Vehicle-to-Grid (eBook)

Prof. Canbing Li is engaged in energy saving and smart grid research, and was awarded 2012 New Century Excellent Talents in University of China, Granted by Ministry of Education, China. He has successfully secured national 863 project, national science and technology support sub-plan, the national natural science fund project. Professor Li is IEEE senior member and evaluation experts of national energy conservation center. Prof. Yijia Cao is engaged in smart grid and energy strategy research and has successfully secured outstanding youth fund of national natural science fund project, key project of national natural science funds, national 973 program, national 863 program, national international technology cooperation plan. He is also the Yangtze river scholars distinguished professor and subject matter experts in "twelfth five-year" energy sector of ministry of science and technology. Now he is vice president of Hunan University.Ms. Kuang Yonghong is PhD student at College of Electrical and Information Engineering and Dr. Bin Zhou is Assistant Professor at College of Electrical and Information Engineering of Hunan University.

Preface 6
Outline of the Book 6
Acknowledgments 9
Contents 10
Abbreviations 13
1 Influences of EVs on Power System by Improving the Microclimate 14
1.1 Introduction 14
1.2 The Impact of Urban Microclimate on Electric ACEC 16
1.2.1 Case and Data Selection 17
1.2.2 Electrical ACEC Data 18
1.2.3 Effect of UHIE on Perceived Temperature 20
1.2.4 Effect of THE on Perceived Temperature 21
1.2.5 Effect of CE on Perceived Temperature 22
1.3 Interaction Between Urban Microclimate and Electric ACEC 24
1.3.1 Comprehensive Effect of Urban Microclimate on Electric ACEC 24
1.3.2 The Feedback of Electric ACEC on Urban Microclimate 25
1.4 Discussion About Interaction Between Urban Microclimate and Electric ACEC 26
1.5 The Influence of EVs on Urban Microclimate 29
1.6 Case Study on Influences of EVs on Urban Microclimate 30
1.7 Reduction of ACEC 31
1.8 Conclusions 32
References 33
2 The Response of EV Charging Loads to TOU Price 37
2.1 Introduction 37
2.2 Optimized Charging Model in Response to TOU Price 38
2.3 Algorithm 40
2.4 Case Study 42
2.4.1 Settings of Simulation 42
2.4.2 The Results and Analysis of Simulation 44
2.5 Conclusions 46
References 47
3 The Response of EV Charging Load to the Grid Voltage 49
3.1 Introduction 49
3.2 The Profile of the Proposed Strategy 51
3.2.1 The Selection of Voltage Signal 51
3.2.2 UVLS with the Participation of EV Charging Load 52
3.3 Case Study 55
3.3.1 Parameters and Model of Simulation 55
3.3.2 Results of the Simulation 56
3.4 Conclusions 59
References 60
4 The Response of Large-Scale EV Charging Loads to Frequency 61
4.1 Introduction 61
4.2 Characteristics of EV Charging Loads 61
4.3 The Current Related Research of EVs on FR 62
4.3.1 EVs’ Advantages in FR 62
4.3.2 The Current Related Research of FR Based on the Coordination Among EVs, AGC, BESSs 63
4.4 Properties of FR Resources 64
4.4.1 Traditional FR Resources 64
4.4.2 Large-Scale Energy Storage Devices 64
4.4.3 EV/BESS FR Resource 65
4.5 Coordinated Control Strategy for EVs/BESSs 67
4.5.1 Coordination Principle 67
4.5.2 Implementation Method for Coordinated FR 69
4.6 Case Study and Results 74
4.6.1 Simulation Model and Parameters 74
4.6.2 Simulations of Power System FR 77
4.7 Conclusions 81
References 81
5 The Asynchronous Response of Small-Scale Charging Facilities to Grid Frequency 84
5.1 Introduction 84
5.2 Formulation of the Proposed Control Method 85
5.3 The Demonstration of Coordination 86
5.4 The Demonstration of Equality 88
5.5 Case Study 89
5.5.1 Simulation Model and Parameters 89
5.5.2 Validation of Coordination 91
5.5.3 Validation of Equality 93
5.6 Conclusions 94
References 95
6 Analysis on Typical Schemes of the Integration of EV Charging Facilities into the Grid 97
6.1 Introduction 97
6.2 Main Considerations on the Integration of Charging Facilities into the Grid 98
6.3 Estimate of the EVCS’s Reverse Discharge Capacity 98
6.4 Typical Schemes of the Integration of Charging Facilities into the Grid 99
6.4.1 Schemes of the Integration of EVCPs into the Grid 99
6.4.2 EVCSs Directly Integrated into or Adjacent to 110 kV Substations 100
6.4.3 EVCSs Integrated into the Tie Point of Looped Distribution Grid 101
6.4.4 Parallel Operation of EVCSs with the Special Important Load 103
6.5 Conclusions 104
References 104
7 EV Charging Facility Planning 106
7.1 Introduction 106
7.2 Stages of EV Charging Facility Planning 106
7.3 Charging Modes Selection and Demand Forecasting 107
7.3.1 Charging Modes Selection 107
7.3.2 Charging Demand Forecasting 109
7.4 Charging Facility Planning 110
7.4.1 Planning Principles and Process 110
7.4.2 Planning Model 111
7.5 Case Study 112
7.5.1 Analysis on Charging Mode Selection 112
7.5.2 Analysis on Charging Facility Planning 113
7.6 Conclusions 114
References 114