Calcium-Binding Proteins in the Human Developing Brain

1 Introduction.- 1.1 Calcium-Binding Proteins.- 1.2 CaBPs in the Mature and Developing Central Nervous System.- 1.3 Overview: Features of the Developing Brain.- 1.4 Scope of This Review.- 1.5 Materials and Methods.- 2 Cerebral Cortex: Subplate.- 2.1 Description.- 2.2 Expression of CaBPs in the Subplate.- 2.3 Functional Roles of the Subplate.- 2.4 Resolution of the Subplate.- 2.5 Effect of Fetal Hydrocephalus on the Distribution Pattern of CaBPs in the Subplate.- 2.6 Significance of the Subplate in Premature Infants.- 3 Cerebral Cortex: Cortical Plate.- 3.1 Description.- 3.2 CaBPs in the Cortical Plate.- 3.3 Effect of Fetal Hydrocephalus on the Distribution Pattern of CaBPs in the Cortical Plate.- 4 Cerebral Cortex: Molecular Layer (Layer I).- 4.1 Description.- 4.2 CaBPs in the Molecular Layer.- 4.3 Alterations in the Organization of Layer I in Trisomy 22.- 5 Ganglionic Eminence.- 5.1 Description.- 5.2 Developmental History.- 5.3 Neuronal Populations Originating from the Ganglionic Eminence.- 5.4 Calretinin and Calbindin Immunoreactive Cells in the Ganglionic Eminence and in the Intermediate Zone.- 5.5 The Ganglionic Eminence as an Intermediate Target.- 5.6 Significance of the Ganglionic Eminence in Developmental Neuropathology.- 6 Striatum.- 6.1 Description.- 6.2 Calbindin Expression in the Developing Striatum.- 6.3 Correlation of Calbindin Immunostaining and Expression of Synapse-Related Proteins in the Striatal Compartment of the Human Developing Brain.- 6.4 Significance of the Immunohistochemical Findings in the Striatum for Developmental Neuropathology.- 7 Amygdala.- 7.1 Description.- 7.2 Transient Architectonic Features of the Amygdala.- 7.3 Nerve Cell Types in the Fetal Amygdala as Seen in Calbindin and Calretinin Immunopreparations.- 7.4 Diffuse Calbindin and Calretinin Immunostaining in the Human Fetal Amygdala.- 8 Basal Nucleus of Meynert.- 8.1 Description.- 8.2 Calbindin Immunoreactive Neurons in the Basal Nucleus of Meynert.- 8.3 Effect of Fetal Hydrocephalus on Neuronal Morphology in the Basal Nucleus of Meynert.- 9 Hypothalamic Tuberomamillary Nucleus.- 9.1 Description.- 9.2 Parvalbumin and Calretinin in the Tuberomamillary Nucleus.- 10 Thalamic Reticular Complex.- 10.1 Description.- 10.2 Main Portion.- 10.3 Perireticular Nucleus.- 10.4 Medial Subnucleus.- 10.5 Pregeniculate Nucleus.- 10.6 Neuronal Types of the Thalamic Reticular Complex as Seen in Parvalbumin and Calretinin Immunopreparations.- 11 Red Nucleus.- 11.1 Description.- 11.2 Distribution Pattern of CaBPs in the Developing and Adult Red Nucleus.- 11.3 Relationship Between the Magnocellular and Parvocellular Parts.- 11.4 Neurochemical Characteristics of Rubric Nerve Cells.- 11.5 The Magnocellular Part of the Red Nucleus in the Adult Human Brain.- 11.6 The Magnocellular Part of the Red Nucleus in the Developing Human Brain.- 11.7 Significance of the Prominent Magnocellular Part for Neuropediatrics.- 12 Summary.- References.