Advances in Medicine & Biology

The chapters in this volume of "Advances in Medicine and Biology," present the latest research in medical research. Chapter One provides an overview of molecular biology approaches for Dengue diagnosis and research in Brazil. Chapter Two identifies host factor predictors and clinical determinants associated with Dengue Fever versus Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in an adult population. Chapter Three summarizes the symptoms, risk factors, diagnostic approaches, and treatment of gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD) in children, from a pulmonary perspective. Chapter Four provides a brief overview on the role of some potential dietary natural products in the prevention of GERD and treatment with particular reference to the findings of the latest preclinical investigations or clinical trials. Chapter Five investigates the mechanism of onset of syringomyelia, a disease that produces fluid-containing cavities in the parenchyma of the spinal cord, using an adhesive spinal arachnoiditis model created by injection of kaolin into the subarachnoid space. Chapter Six outlines the approach to syringomyelia that starts with a functionally oriented classification based on the underlying cause of the syrinx and its accompanying specific cavitary pattern, and it also elucidates the main pathophysiological mechanisms involved and suggested in the formation and propagation of the cavitation. Chapter Seven summarizes the prevalence and virulence characteristics of L. pneumophila in aquatic environments including natural and artificially-controlled water environments such as hot springs in Japan. Chapter Eight discusses the basic biomechanical characteristics and forces acting on the ankle under static conditions and their influences on artificial total ankle replacement designs. The authors of Chapter Nine suggest that the adverse tissue reaction to aseptic loosening of arthroplasty can serve as a reliable clinical model, which has a considerable prevalence and adequately represents the toxicity of nanomaterials in the human body. They also discuss how to better make use of previous and ongoing models for nanotoxicology study. Chapter Ten describes the nasal deformities associated with congenital clefting and outlines the timing and techniques used to correct these deformities. Chapter 11 presents the technique and results of augmentation rhinoplasty with silicone implant in Asians. Chapter 12 discusses surgical treatment of resectable, borderline resectable and locally advanced unresectable pancreatic cancers. Chapter 13 presents a practically orientated overview of principal problems of diagnostic and therapeutic pitfalls in pulmonary embolism (PE) affecting elderly patients from the point of view of a geriatrician. The final chapter examines the negative side effects of Zolpidem, a medication often used for insomnia.