Catalysis

Hydrotreating Catalysis.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Technological Aspects.- A. Crude and Feed Characteristics.- B. Hydrotreating Reactions.- C. Hydrotreating in Refining.- D. Hydrotreating Processes.- E. Catalyst Selection.- F. Activation,Deactivation and Regeneration.- 3. Catalyst Characterization.- A. Structural Models.- 1. Monolayer Model.- 2. Intercalation Model.- 3. Contact Synergy Model.- 4. Co-Mo-S Model.- 5. Other Models.- B. Characterization Studies.- 1. Structure of Alumina-supported Mo and W Catalysts.- a. Unpromoted Catalysts.- i. Calcined Catalysts.- ii. Sulfided State.- b. Promoted Catalysts.- i. Calcined State.- ii. Sulfided State.- 2. Other Supports.- 3. Sulfiding Reactions.- 4. Effect of Preparation and Activation.- a. Impregnation Procedure.- b. Metal Loading.- c. Calcination Temperature.- d. Activation.- e. Additives.- 5. Dispersion and Morphology.- 6. Aged Catalysts.- 7. Unsupported Catalysts.- 8. New Types of Hydrotreating Catalysts.- 9. Model Systems.- 4. Kinetics and Mechanisms of Model Compound Reactions.- A. Hydrodesulfurization (HDS).- 1. Reactivities.- 2. Reaction Pathways.- 3. Kinetics.- 4. Poisoning/Coke.- 5. Adsorption/Reaction Sites.- 6. Mechanisms.- 7. Implications from Organometallic and Computational Chemistry.- B. Hydrogenation (HYD).- 1. Reactivities.- 2. Reaction Pathways and Kinetics.- 3. Adsorption/Reaction Sites.- C. Hydrodenitrogenation (HDN).- 1. Reactivities.- 2. Reaction Pathways and Kinetics.- 3. Promotion/Poisoning/Coke.- 4. Adsorption/Reaction Sites.- 5. Mechanisms.- D. Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO).- 1. Reactivities.- 2. Reaction Pathways and Kinetics.- 3. Poisons/Coke.- 4. Adsorption/Reaction Sites.- E. Cracking (CKG)/Hydrocracking.- F. Hydrodemetallation (HDM).- G. Mixed Feeds.- 1. Reactivities.- 2. Kinetics.- H. Role of Hydrogen.- I. On Active Sites.- J. Summary.- 5. Structure-Activity Correlations.- A. Unpromoted Mo and W Catalysts.- B. Promoted Mo and W Catalysts.- 1. Models for Promotion.- 2. Mössbauer Spectroscopy Studies.- 3. Chemisorption of Probe Molecules and Infrared Spectroscopy Studies.- a. 0 2.- b. NO.- c. CO.- d. H2, H2S and basic molecules.- 4. EXAFS Studies.- 5. XPS, ISS and Microscopy Studies.- 6. Magnetic Susceptibility, NMR, and ESR Studies.- 7. TPR.- 8. Other Studies.- C. Correlations with Properties of Calcined Catalysts.- D. Preparation Parameters.- 1. MetalLoading.- 2. Impregnation procedure.- 3. Calcination temperature.- E. Additive Effects.- F. Periodic Trends in Promotion.- G. Activation Procedures.- H. Deactivation Phenomena.- I. Unsupported Catalysts and Support Effects.- J. Transition Metal Sulfides: Periodic Trends.- K. Unconventional Catalysts and Model Systems.- 6. Active Sites and Reaction Mechanisms.- A. Unpromoted Mo and W Catalysts.- B. Periodic Trends.- C. Promoted Mo and W Catalysts.- 7. Concluding Remarks.- 8. References.- References Author Index.- Author Index Volumes 1–11.