Reconstructing Behavior in the Primate Fossil Record

1 Adaptation and Behavior in the Primate Fossil Record.- Defining Adaptation.- Identifying Adaptations.- How Can Fossil Taxa Be Used to Study Adaptation?.- Summary and.- Conclusions.- References.- 2 Functional Morphology and In Vivo Bone Strain Patterns in the Craniofacial Region of Primates: Beware of Biomechnical Stories about Fossil Bones.- In Vivo Bone Strain Patterns.- Discussion.- Conclusions.- References.- 3 On the Interface between Ontogeny and Function.- Ontogeny as a Criterion of Subtraction.- Biomechanical Scaling and Functional Equivalence.- Heterochrony.- Conclusions.- References.- 4 Dental Ontogeny and Life-History Strategies: The Case of the Giant Extinct Indroids of Madagascar.- Development and the Reconstruction of the Behavior and Life Histories of Extinct Primates: Approaches and Methodologies.- Development and the Reconstruction of Behavior in Extinct Primates: An Example.- Conclusions.- References.- 5 A Comparative Approach to Reconstructing the Socioecology of Extinct Primates.- Methods.- Results.- Worked Examples.- Discussion.- Conclusions.- References.- 6 The Use of Paleocommunity and Taphonomic Studies in Reconstructing Primate Behavior.- The Comparative Method and Actualistic Studies in Paleoecology 220 Fossil Assemblages.- Community Comparisons.- Behavioral Ecology of Primates in Extant and Makapansgat Communities 242 Primate.- Interactions and Behavior Based on Accumulating Agents.- Integration of Community Comparisons.- Evolution, Taphonomy, and Community Paleoecology.- References.- 7 Reconstructing the Diets of Fossil Primates.- Adaptive Signals for Diet in Primates.- Nonadaptive Signals for Diet in Primates.- Discussion.- Summary and Conclusions.- References.- 8 Reconstructing Social Behavior from Dimorphism in the Fossil Record.- Data.- Behavioral Variables.- Relations between Dimorphism and Behavioral Estimates.- Relations between Relative Canine Size and Competition Classifications.- Relations between Dimorphism and Other.- Variables.- Summary and Conclusions.- References.- 9 The Adaptations of Branisella boliviana, the Earliest South American Monkey.- Branisella boliviana, the Earliest-Known Platyrrhine Primate.- Summary and Conclusions.- References.- 10 Ecomorphology and Behavior of Giant Extinct Lemurs from Madagascar.- Body Size and Sexual Dimorphism.- Activity Cycles.- Oral Behaviors.- Positional Behavior.- Summary.- References.- 11 Conclusions: Reconstructing Behavior in the Fossil Record.- The Comparative Approach.- Phylogeny.- Standard Error from Comparative Analyses.- Body Mass and Allometry.- Incomplete Extant Models.- Problems with Defining Behavior.- Multiple Lines of Evidence.- Conclusions.- References.