Essentials of Inorganic Materials Synthesis (eBook)

C.N.R. Rao, D.Sc., Ph.D,is the National Research Professor and Linus Pauling Research Professor at the Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research and Honorary Professor at the Indian Institute of Science, at Bangalore, India. He is a fellow of the Royal Society, London, a foreign associate of the US National Academy of Sciences and a member of many other science academies. He is the recipient of the Einstein Gold Medal of UNESCO, the Hughes and Royal Medals of the Royal Society, the August Wilhelm von Hofmann medal of the German Chemical Society, the Dan David Prize and the Illy Trieste Science prize for materials research and the first India Science Prize. Kanishka Biswas, Ph.D, is Ramanujan Fellow in the New Chemistry Unit of Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India. He is an Associate of Indian Academy of Sciences, Bangalore. He is pursuing research in solid state chemistry of metal chalcogenides and thermoelectric "waste heat to electrical energy conversion".

Author Biographies vii

Preface ix

1 Introduction 1

2 Common Reactions Employed in Synthesis 7

2.1 Soft-Chemistry Routes, 12

3 Ceramic Methods 17

4 Decomposition of Precursor Compounds 23

5 Combustion Synthesis 33

6 Arc and Skull Methods 37

7 Reactions at High Pressures 41

8 Mechanochemical and Sonochemical Methods 47

8.1 Mechanochemistry, 47

8.2 Sonochemistry, 50

9 Use of Microwaves 53

10 Soft Chemistry Routes 57

10.1 Topochemical Reactions, 57

10.2 Intercalation Chemistry, 64

10.3 Ion Exchange Reactions, 73

10.4 Use of Fluxes, 78

10.5 Sol-Gel Synthesis, 81

10.6 Electrochemical Methods, 86

10.7 Hydrothermal, Solvothermal and Ionothermal Synthesis, 90

11 Nebulized Spray Pyrolysis 97

12 Chemical Vapour Deposition and Atomic Layer Deposition 103

13 Nanomaterials 107

13.1 Nanoparticles, 107

13.2 Core-Shell Nanocrystals, 116

13.3 Nanowires, 119

13.4 Inorganic Nanotubes, 133

13.5 Graphene-like Structures of Layered Inorganic Materials, 137

14 Materials 151

14.1 Metal Borides, Carbides and Nitrides, 151

14.2 Metal Chalcogenides, 157

14.3 Metal Halides, 162

14.4 Metal Silicides and Phosphides, 167

14.5 Intergrowth Structures and Misfit Compounds, 171

14.5.1 Intergrowth structures, 171

14.5.2 Misfit Compounds, 177

14.6 Intermetallic Compounds, 178

14.7 Superconducting Compounds, 182

14.8 Porous Materials, 191

14.8.1 Mesoporous Silica Materials, 191

14.8.2 Aluminophosphates, 194

14.8.3 Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs), 196

Index 201