Handbook of Petroleum Product Analysis (eBook)

James G. Speight, PhD has doctorate degrees in Chemistry, Geological Sciences, and Petroleum Engineering and is the author of more than 60 books in petroleum science, petroleum engineering, and environmental sciences. He has more than 40 years of experience in the process industries, is the author of numerous books and papers, is the senior editor of three journals, and has won numerous awards and distinctions.

Preface xv

1 Petroleum and Petroleum Products 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Perspectives 2

1.3 Definitions 4

1.4 Petroleum Refining 14

1.5 Petroleum Products 16

References 23

2 Analytical Methods 26

2.1 Introduction 26

2.2 Chemical and Physical Analyses 27

2.3 Chromatographic Analyses 31

2.4 Spectroscopic Analyses 34

2.5 Molecular Weight 41

2.6 Instability and Incompatibility 42

2.7 The Future 43

References 44

3 Sampling and Measurement 48

3.1 Introduction 48

3.2 Sampling 49

3.3 Volume Measurement 51

3.4 Method Validation 52

3.5 Quality Control and Quality Assurance 54

3.6 Assay and Specifications 56

References 67

4 Gases 71

4.1 Introduction 71

4.2 Types of Gases 72

4.3 Sampling 77

4.4 Storage 77

4.5 Test Methods 78

References 83

5 Naphtha and Solvents 88

5.1 Introduction 88

5.2 Production and Properties 89

5.3 Test Methods 91

5.4 Storage 98

References 98

6 Gasoline 104

6.1 Introduction 104

6.2 Production and Properties 104

6.3 Volatility Requirements and Other Properties 106

6.4 Octane Rating 110

6.5 Additives 111

6.6 Test Methods 112

References 120

7 Aviation and Marine Fuels 126

7.1 Introduction 126

7.2 Production and Properties 126

7.3 Test Methods 127

References 136

8 Kerosene 141

8.1 Introduction 141

8.2 Production and Properties 141

8.3 Test Methods 143

References 150

9 Diesel Fuel 155

9.1 Introduction 155

9.2 Production and Properties 155

9.3 Test Methods 156

References 165

10 Distillate Fuel Oil 169

10.1 Introduction 169

10.2 Production and Properties 171

10.3 Test Methods 172

References 180

11 Residual Fuel Oil 186

11.1 Introduction 186

11.2 Production and Properties 186

11.3 Test Methods 187

References 201

12 White Oil 207

12.1 Introduction 207

12.2 Production and Properties 209

12.3 Test Methods 209

References 217

13 Lubricating Oil 222

13.1 Introduction 222

13.2 Production and Properties 222

13.3 Used Lubricating Oil 228

13.4 Test Methods 230

References 238

14 Grease 244

14.1 Introduction 244

14.2 Production and Properties 245

14.3 Test Methods 248

References 252

15 Wax 255

15.1 Introduction 255

15.2 Production and Properties 256

15.3 Test Methods 257

References 263

16 Residua and Asphalt 265

16.1 Introduction 265

16.2 Production and Properties 267

References 280

17 Coke, Carbon Black, and Graphite 285

17.1 Introduction 285

17.2 Production and Properties 286

17.3 Test Methods 290

References 294

18 Use of the Data 296

18.1 Introduction 296

18.2 Feedstock and Product Evaluation 297

18.3 Feedstock and Product Mapping 298

18.4 Structural Group Analyses 300

18.5 Epilogue 302

References 302

Appendix: Tables of ASTM Standard Test Methods for Petroleum and Petroleum Products 304

Conversion Factors 323

Glossary 324

Index 341