Signal Processing of HDTV, V (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Signal Processing of HDTV, V 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 8
COMMITTEES 20
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 22
WELCOMING ADDRESS 28
OPENING REMARKS 30
REMARKS OF THE PROGRAM COMMITTEE CHAIRPERSON 32
Part I: PLENARY SESSION: INVITED PAPERS 34
Chapter 1. Keynote Address: Digital High Definition Television - The Era Begins, 36
Chapter 2. HDTV Digital VCR for Broadcast-use Employing Bit Rate Reduction 44
Abstract 44
1. Introduction 44
2. Requirements for the HDTV digital VCR employing BRR 45
3. HDTV digital VCR employing BRR 46
4. Subjective evaluation of the quality of moving pictures after repeated coding 48
Summary 50
References 50
Chapter 3. HDTV Interlace-Progressive Scanning CCD Imaging Considerations 52
Part II: MPEG-2 86
Chapter 4. Development of multi-industry information technology standards The MPEG case 88
1. Introduction 88
2. The traditional audio-visual world 88
3. The development and features of the traditional audio-visual standards 89
4. Finding a solution 91
5· How MPEG operates 92
6· The MPEG-1 case 93
7. The MPEG-2 case 93
8. Extensions of MPEG-2 95
9. Beyond MPEG-2 95
10. Beyond MPEG 96
11. Acknowledgements 96
Chapter 5. MPEG-2 Requirements, Profiles and Performance Verification 98
1. INTRODUCTION 98
2. PERFORMANCE AND FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS 99
3. DEVELOPMENT OF A GENERIC VIDEO CODING STANDARD 101
4. PROFILES AND LEVELS 103
5. VERIFICATION 105
6. CONCLUSION 106
REFERENCES 106
Chapter 6. Implementation Considerations in the Development of the MPEG Video Standards 108
1. INTRODUCTION 108
2. COMPETITIVE PHASES 108
3. COLLABORATIVE PHASES 109
4. Memory considerations 111
5. HDTV considerations 112
6. CONCLUSIONS 113
References 113
Chapter 7. ISO/MPEG-Audio: A Generic Concept for High Quality Audio Coding of Two-channel and 5+1 Multichannel Sound 118
Summary 118
1. Introduction 119
2. Standardisation and Quality Assessments within ISO/MPEG 119
3. Basic Structure of the ISO/MPEG Phase 1 Audio Coding Technique 120
4. Generic Coding Concept 121
5. Typical Applications of the ISOMPEG-Audio Layers 124
6. ISO/MPEG Phase 2: Generic Multichannel Audio Coding 124
7. Conclusions 128
Acknowledgements 129
References 129
Chapter 8. Assessment of the MPEG-2 performance 130
Summary 130
1. Introduction 130
2. Requirements for Test of MPEG 130
3. Desired Test Picture Categories 131
4. System being tested 132
5. The assessment of codecs in tandem 133
6. Subjective assessment 133
7. Conclusions 137
Part III: NON-BROADCASTING APPLICATIONS 138
Chapter 9. HDTV on Computer Workstations 140
1.0 Introduction 140
2.0 HDTV display issues 140
3.0 Interoperability at the bit-stream 141
4.0 Conclusions 144
References 145
Chapter 10. An Experimental High Definition Videoconference System 146
1. INTRODUCTION 146
2. IMPLEMENTATION 148
3. FIRST RESULTS 150
4. CONCLUSION 151
REFERENCES 151
Chapter 11. Potential Applications of HDTV in the Federal Government* 154
1. Introduction 154
2. Major federal government application areas 154
3. Major concerns for government applications of HDTV 161
4. Conclusions 161
REFERENCES 162
Part IV: BIT RATE REGULATION AND BUFFER CONTROL 164
Chapter 12. ADAPTIVE MODELING FOR BIT RATE CONTROL 166
Abstract 166
1. Introduction 166
2. Linear Model 168
3. Non-linear Model 169
4. Simulations 170
5. Conclusions 171
6. References 171
Chapter 13. A New Rate Control Scheme in HDTV Systems 176
ABSTRACT 176
1. Introduction 176
2. Relation between Buffer fullness and Quantization parameter 177
3. Scene Adaptive Rate Control 180
4. Simulation Results 182
5. Conclusions 183
References 184
Chapter 14. Optimal Bit-Rate Control of Video Coders 186
1. INTRODUCTION 186
2. CODER ADAPTATION TO FBR AND VBR NETWORKS 187
3. STOCHASTIC DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING AND BUFFER CONTROL 188
4. OPTIMAL FIELD-BASED CONTROL FOR A PRACTICAL CODER 190
5. OPTIMAL STRIPE-BASED CONTROL: THE CURSE OF THE DIMENSIONALITY 192
6. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK 194
REFERENCES 195
Chapter 15. MULTIRESOLUTION CODING SCHEMES WITH LAYERED BITRATE REGULATION 196
1. MULTIRESOLUTION CODING 196
2. CODING SCHEMES FOR LAYERED BITRATE REGULATION 197
3. ENTROPY CODING 200
4. CONCLUSION 203
REFERENCES 203
Part V: THREE-DIMENSIONAL (HD)TV 204
Chapter 16. COMPRESSION OF STEREO VIDEO STREAMS 206
BACKGROUND 206
INTRODUCTION 206
PIXEL INTENSITY DEFINITION 207
BLOCK DEFINTION 207
BLOCK MATCHING ALGORITHM (BMA) 207
DISPARITY VECTOR 208
ESTIMATED BLOCK 208
MOTION ESTIMATION 208
COMPRESSION OF STILL STEREO IMAGES 209
COMPRESSION OF MOTION STEREO STREAMS 211
MAIN GROUP FRAMES 212
INTRAFRAME CODED FRAMES(I-Frame) 212
MOTION ESTIMATED & ERROR COMPENSATED FRAME (M-Frame)
SUB GROUP FRAMES 213
BIDIRECTIONALLY- INTERPOLATED FRAME (B-Frame) 214
WORLDLINE FRAME (W-Frame) 214
COMPRESSED STEREO IMAGE FRAME FORMAT 216
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK 217
Acknowledgment 218
References 218
Chapter 17. Object-Based Stereoscopic Image Coding 220
1. INTRODUCTION 220
2. OVERVIEW 220
3. OBJECT SEGMENTATION AND OBJECT-BASED DISPARITY ESTIMATION 221
4. OBJECT-BASED CODING 225
5. CONCLUSIONS 226
REFERENCES 226
Chapter 18. HDTV SINGLE CAMERA 3D SYSTEMS (Application in Microsurgery) 228
SUMMARY 228
1. Introduction 229
2. Structure 229
3. Characteristics 230
4. Applications 230
Chapter 19. Object-based 3D image sequence analysis using disparity, motion and structure 232
1. INTRODUCTION 232
2. PROCESSING OF 3D SEQUENCES 232
3. MULTI-MODE OBJECT-BASED ANALYSIS 233
4. FRAMEWORK OVERVIEW 234
5. CONCLUSION 236
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 236
7. REFERENCES 236
Part VI: STANDARDS CONVERSION 238
Chapter 20. A Real Time Motion Compensating Converter from TV to HDTV 240
Abstract 240
1. INTRODUCTION 240
2. HARDWARE CONCEPT 242
3. HARDWARE REALISATION FOR MOTION ESTIMATION 245
4. Hardware Realisation of the Other System Components 247
5. SUMMARY 249
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 249
REFERENCES 249
Chapter 21. Improved motion-compensated conversion between interlaced TV and HDTV formats 250
1. INTRODUCTION 250
2. GENERALIZED SAMPLING AND INTERPOLATION 251
3. IMAGE PROCESSING 253
4. Experimental results 258
5. CONCLUSIONS 258
REFERENCES 259
Chapter 22. Motion compensated deinterlacing for studio applications 260
1. INTRODUCTION 260
2. STATE OF THE ART 261
3. DESCRIPTION OF THE ALGORITHM 263
4. APPLICATION TO STUDIO PROCESSING 267
5. CONCLUSION 268
REFERENCES 269
Chapter 23. Advanced Slow Motion Replay Using Motion Compensation 270
1. Introduction 270
2. Basic Motion Compensated Approach 271
3. Problems Related to Motion Model 273
4. Advanced System Design 275
5. Hardware Aspects 280
6. Results of Computer Simulation 280
7. Acknowledgement 281
8. References 281
Chapter 24. Graceful Degradation in Motion- Compensated Field-Rate Conversion 282
Abstract 282
I. Introduction 282
II. Multiple vector field rate up-conversion 283
III. Attractive implementation for graceful degradation 285
IV. A vector reliability indicator for fall back mode processing 287
V· Conclusion 288
VI. References 289
Chapter 25. MOTION COMPENSATED STANDARDS CONVERTER FOR HDTV 290
1. Introduction 290
2. Input/output specifications 290
3· Device configuration and overview of components 291
4. Use of the standards converter 297
5. Conclusion 298
References 299
Part VII: DIGITAL TERRESTRIAL BROADCASTING 300
Chapter 26. Evaluation of Digital Transmission Techniques and Interference Studies for Digital ATV Terrestrial Broadcasting 302
Abstract 302
1. Introduction 302
2. ATV Requirements 302
3. Computer Simulation Procedure and Results 303
4. Laboratory Test Results 306
5. Conclusions 306
References 307
Chapter 27. A Comparison Between Two OFDM Modulation Systems for Digital Television Broadcasting 312
1. Introduction 312
2. The OFDM solution 313
3. The radio channel 316
4. Equalization in OFDM 316
5. A comparison between the two schemes 319
6. Conclusions and future work 321
Bibliography 321
Chapter 28. Simulations of a Digital HDTV System with Graceful Degradation 322
1. INTRODUCTION 322
2. JOINT SOURCE AND CHANNEL CODING 323
3. SIMULATION SYSTEM 323
4. MODULATION 325
5. FORWARD ERROR CORRECTION 327
6. SIMULATION RESULTS 329
7. CONCLUSIONS 331
REFERENCES 331
Chapter 29. The Single Frequency Network of Deutsche Bundespost - Telekom 332
1. Introduction 332
2. Advantages of SFN's 332
3. Structure of SFN's 333
4. Program distribution 334
5. Planning Parameters 335
6. First Results 337
7. Further Work 338
References 338
Chapter 30. Error-Control Coding, Modulation and Equalization for All-Digital Advanced Television: State of the Art and Future Possibilities 340
1. INTRODUCTION 340
2. PROPOSALS FOR ALL-DIGITAL ATV SYSTEMS IN NORTH AMERICA 340
3. PROPOSALS FOR ALL- DIGITAL HDTV SYSTEMS IN EUROPE 340
4. DESCRIPTIONS OF DATA RATES, CHANNELS AND CHANNEL TRANSMISSION ENCODER-DECODER AND MODULATORDEMODULATOR PAIRS 341
5. RECENT RESEARCH DIRECTIONS AND TRENDS 345
6. BRIEF DISCUSSION OF RECENT RESEARCH ON SATELLITE AND PACKET TRANSMISSION 347
7. CONCLUDING DISCUSSION AND FUTURE RESEARCH 348
REFERENCES 349
Part VIII: POSTER SESSION 350
Chapter 31. 3-D Filter Realized in the Spatial Domain 352
Astract 352
1. Introduction 352
2. MASFscheme[l-2] 352
3. Implementations of the MASF scheme 353
4. 3-D filter realized in the spatial domain 354
5. Simulation results 355
6. Conclusion 355
References 355
Chapter 32. On the Fast RLS Adaptive IIR Ghost Canceller 360
ABSTRACT 360
1. INTRODUCTION 360
2. ALGORITHM DESCRIPTION 361
3. SIMULATION RESULTS 362
4. CONCLUDING REMARKS 364
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 364
REFERENCES 364
Chapter 33. A Consideration about Improving the Picture Quality of the HDTV Broadcasting System 366
Abstract 366
1. Introduction 366
2. Shortcomings in the conventional chrominance signal 367
3. New method 368
4. Computer simulation 370
6. Conclusion 373
References 373
Chapter 34. Hardware Implementation of HDTV Codecs in the FLASH-TV Project 374
Abstract 374
1. Introduction 374
2. System overview 375
3. Description of the video coding method 376
4. Performances of the coding method 377
5. Hardware implementation of the HDTV codec 378
6. Modem specification 381
Conclusion 382
References 382
Acknowledgement 383
Chapter 35. HDTV CODEC for Digital Recording 384
Abstract 384
1 INTRODUCTION 384
2 ALGORITHM DESCRIPTION 385
3 SIMULATION RESULT 390
4 CONCLUSION 391
References 393
Chapter 36. Hardware implementation of a bit rate reduced HDTV recorder based on a Dl recorder 394
1. INTRODUCTION 394
2. BIT RATE REDUCED HDTV RECORDING 394
3. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED SOLUTION 396
4. EXAMPLES OF USE 399
5. CONCLUSION 400
REFERENCES 400
Chapter 37. A one-chip solution for a 2D sub-band transform based on PRMF filter banks 402
ABSTRACT 402
1. INTRODUCTION 402
2. BACKGROUND AND ALGORITHM DESCRIPTION 403
3. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION 407
4. Conclusion 411
References 411
Chapter 38. A Flexible Real Time HDTV Motion Vector Estimation Chipset Based on Phasecorrelation 412
1. INTRODUCTION 412
2. ALGORITHM OUTLINE 412
3. CODERS ALGORITHM OUTLINE 414
4 HARDWARE STRUCTURE 415
5 CONCLUSION 419
6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 420
REFERENCES 420
Chapter 39. A Single Chip Solution for a High Speed 128-Point Radix-Two FFT Calculation 422
1. INTRODUCTION 422
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE HARDWARE 426
3. CONCLUSION 430
4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 431
REFERENCES 431
Chapter 40. Viewers' Reactions to Pan-and-Scan and Letter-Box Images 432
1. INTRODUCTION 432
2. SURVEY 1 434
3. SURVEY 2 437
4. COMPARISON TO OTHER SURVEYS 439
5. REFERENCES 440
Chapter 41. Viewing-based image coding for advanced television systems 442
1. INTRODUCTION 442
2. METHOD 444
3. RESULTS 447
4. DISCUSSION 448
REFERENCES 449
Chapter 42. Some Adaptive Quantizers for HDTV Image Compression 450
1. INTRODUCTION 450
2. SCENE ADAPTIVE QUANTIZERS 451
3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 453
4. CONCLUSION 453
REFERENCES 454
Chapter 43. Scene Analysis for DCT Image Coding 458
1. INTRODUCTION 458
2. FREQUENCY SENSITIVITY IN BDCT DOMAIN 459
3. CONTRAST SENSITIVITY 461
4. PERCEPTUAL-BASED CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHM 462
5. MASKING EFFECT AND OVERALL SCHEME 464
6. CONCLUSIONS 465
REFERENCES 467
Chapter 44. Subjective Assessments for Compatible TV in a Subband Coding Scheme 468
1. INTRODUCTION 468
2. THE COMPATIBLE SUBBAND CODING SCHEME 469
3. SUBJECTIVE ASSESSMENTS 471
4. CONCLUSIONS 473
References 473
Chapter 45. High density write-once optical disk for HDTV 474
1. INTRODUCTION 474
2. HIGH CNR WRITE-ONCE OPTICAL DISK 474
3. EXPERIMENT 476
4. Conclusions 479
5. Acknowledgements 479
References 479
Chapter 46. MUSE Video Disc System 480
1. Features of the home–use system 480
2. Disc 480
3. Player 481
4. Connection with a receiver 485
5. Conclusion 485
Chapter 47. Compatible video compression using subband and motion compensation techniques 486
1 Introduction 486
2 Compatible coding using motion information 487
3 Embedded motion compensated coding 491
4 Results 492
5 Discussion 495
References 495
Chapter 48. A New Subband Coding Scheme Employing Emphasis 496
Abstract 496
1. INTRODUCTION 496
2. DERIVATION OF OPTIMAL SUBBAND FILTERS 497
3. CALCULATION OF CODING GAIN 499
4. CODING SIMULATION OF SUPER HD IMAGES 502
5. CONCLUSION 505
REFERENCES 505
Chapter 49. A Subband/VQ Based HDTV Coding Scheme for Satellite Distribution and Broadcast 506
Abstract 506
1. Introduction 506
2. Subband/VQ Based HDTV Coding 507
3. The Hardware System 512
4. Measured Results of the Hardware System 514
5. Conclusion and Future Development 515
References 515
Chapter 50. Layered Subband Video Coding Using Diamond Shaped Filters 516
Abstract 516
1. Introduction 516
2. Diamond-shaped Subband Filtering 517
3. Description of Coding Algorithm 518
4. Adaptive Layered Coding System 522
5. Simulation Results 523
6. Conclusions 524
REFERENCES 524
Chapter 51. Local Adaptive Quantization of HDTV Subband Signals 526
1. INTRODUCTION 526
2. MOTION COMPENSATED SUBBAND CODING WITH BLOCK ADAPTIVE QUANTIZATION 527
3. PEL ADAPTIVE QUANTIZATION 529
4. PROPERTIES AND RESULTS OF PEL ADAPTIVE QUANTIZATION 530
5. CONCLUSION 532
6. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 533
REFERENCES 533
Chapter 52. Optimizing the Structure of Filter Banks for HDTV Subband Coding Considering Redundancy and Irrelevance Reduction 534
1. INTRODUCTION 534
2. OVERALL BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE BASIC SUBBAND CODING SYSTEM USED FOR THE OPTIMIZATION OF THE FILTER BANK STRUCTURE 535
3. OPTIMIZATION AND RESULTS 539
4. CONCLUSION 540
5. ACKNOWLEDGMENT 541
REFERENCES 541
Part IX: SOURCE CODING 1 544
Chapter 53. Progressive vs interlace in a subband coding scheme 546
Abstract 546
1. Introduction 546
2. Coding efficiency comparison between interlace and progressive 547
3. In-band filtering 551
4. Conclusion 553
References 554
Chapter 54. Scene Adaptive Parameters Selection for MPEG Syntax Based HDTV Coding 556
1. Introduction 556
2. Two-Pass Coding Algorithm with Forward Analyzer 557
3. MB Bit Allocation Scheme 557
4. Frame Bit Allocation 558
5. Buffer Regulation Scheme 561
6. Conclusions 562
REFERENCES 562
Chapter 55. Coding Efficiency of Systems adopting Progressive, Deinterlaced and Interlaced Formats 566
1. INTRODUCTION 566
2. PROGRESSIVE VS. INTERLACED COMPARISON 567
3. DE-INTERLACED VS. INTERLACED COMPARISON 570
4. ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS 572
5. CONCLUSIONS 573
REFERENCES 574
Chapter 56. High Quality Coding of HDTV Signals at 40Mbps 576
Abstract 576
1. Introduction 576
2. Study Items for HDTV Codec 577
3. Coding Scheme and Architechture 577
4. Experiments and Results 580
5. Conclusion 580
References 581
Part X: VIDEO TAPE RECORDING 586
Chapter 57. Inter Coding for Professional HDTV Recording on a Dl VCR 588
1. INTRODUCTION 588
2. RECORDING APPLICATIONS IN A STUDIO 589
3. HDTV RECORDING AND CODING TECHNIQUES 590
4. PROPOSED TECHNIQUE 591
5. RESULTS 595
6. CONCLUSION 596
REFERENCES 597
Chapter 58. A Study on Bit Rate Reduction for a Broadcast-use HDTV-VTR 598
Abstract 598
1. Introduction 598
2. Concept 599
3. Compression and rate control 599
4. Code arrangement 600
5. Characteristics of multiple copies 601
6. Results of the subjective assessment test 603
7. Conclusion 603
References 603
Chapter 59. Fast Forward/Fast Reverse for a Digital HDTV VCR 606
1. VCR OPERATION 606
2. TRICK PLAY TRACK 607
3. FAST FORWARD/FAST REVERSE WITH MPEG2 608
4. BITSTREAM PROCESSING 611
REFERENCES 613
Chapter 60. A Recording Method of ATV data on a Consumer Digital VCR 614
Abstract 614
1. Introduction 614
2. Consumer Digital VCR 615
3. Proposed Arrangement Method 615
4. Simulation result 620
5. Conclusion 623
REFERENCES 623
Part XI: SOURCE CODING 2 624
Chapter 61. Image Sequence Coding Based on Adaptive 3-D Vector Quantization 626
ABSTRACT 626
1. INTRODUCTION 626
2. ADAPTIVE SEGMENTATION 627
3. ADAPTIVE 3-D VQ 629
4. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 630
5. CONCLUSION 631
REFERENCES 632
Chapter 62. A method for motion compensated video prediction 634
1. INTRODUCTION 634
2. MOTION COMPENSATED PREDICTION 635
3. MOTION ESTIMATION 639
4. SIMULATION RESULTS 641
5. CONCLUSIONS 642
REFERENCES 643
Chapter 63. An HDTV Coding Scheme using Adaptive-Dimension DCT 644
1. INTRODUCTION 644
2. PIXEL CORRELATION OF IMAGE SIGNAL 644
3. INTRODUCTION OF ADAPTIVE-DIMENSION DCT 647
4. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION 649
5. CONCLUSION 650
REFERENCES 651
Chapter 64. The Influence of Channel Errors on a Video Decoder Syntax and Hardware Architecture for Broadcasting of TV/HDTV Applications 652
1. INTRODUCTION 652
2. MPEG 2 VIDEO CODING - THE BASE CORE 652
3. SCALABILITY IN MPEG 2 VIDEO CODING 655
4. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DECODER ARCHITECTURE 656
5. ERROR CLASSIFICATION 657
6. SIMULATION TESTS 659
7. FINAL REMARKS 659
REFERENCES 660
Part XII: STUDIO RELATED SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS 662
Chapter 65. AN EXPERIMENTAL DIGITAL STUDIO FOR PROGRESSIVELY SCANNED HDTV 664
1. INTRODUCTION 664
2. VIDEO FORMATS 664
3. STUDIO ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW 668
4. STUDIO EQUIPMENTS 668
5. STUDIO EXPLOITATION 673
6. CONCLUSION 675
Chapter 66. Constant-luminance coding for HDTV (You mean it's future proof and all that bandwidth's free?) 676
Summary 676
1. WHY CODE AT ALL? 676
2. TELEVISION CODING 677
3. HOW TO ACHIEVE A CONSTANT-LUMINANCE SYSTEM 680
4. CONCLUSION 684
5. REFERENCES 684
Chapter 67. Subpixel registration and reconstruction for a super high resolution imaging scheme with multiple different-aperture cameras 686
Abstract 686
1. INTRODUCTION 686
2. ORIGINAL CONCEPT[2],[3] 687
3. UTILIZATION OF MULTIPLE DIFFERENT-APERTURE CAMERAS 688
4. ALTERNATELY ITERATIVE ALGORITHM 691
5. EXPERIMENTAL SIMULATIONS 692
6. CONCLUSIONS 695
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 695
REFERENCES 695
Part XIII: HIERARCHICAL CODING 1 696
Chapter 68. Hierarchical Coding of DTV and HDTV for Satellite Transmission 698
ABSTRACT 698
1. INTRODUCTION 698
2. COMPATIBLE CODING 699
3. INTERLACE TO INTERLACE DOWN/UP CONVERSION 699
4. ENCODER PARAMETERS 702
5. CONCLUSION 703
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 703
REFERENCES 703
Chapter 69. A twin hybrid DCT pyramidal coding system 706
1. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 706
2. RESOLUTION LAYERS, QUALITY LEVELS & PICTURE FORMATS
3. APPROACHES FOR HIERARCHICAL HDTV/EDTV SYSTEMS 708
4. ANALYSIS OF A PYRAMIDAL CODING SCHEME 711
5. TWO-LAYER CODING SCHEME 712
6. CONCLUSIONS 714
REFERENCES 715
Chapter 70. HDTV/CDTV Compatible Coding with Improved Prediction 716
Abstract 716
1. Introduction 716
2. Spatio-Temporal Average and Linear Regression Modeling 717
3. Statistical Analysis and Modeling 718
4. Kaiman statistical filtering 719
5. Pel-adaptive spatial temporal averaging 720
6. Conclusions 721
7. References 723
Chapter 71. Pyramidal scheme for the compatible coding of interlaced TV/HDTV 724
1. INTRODUCTION 724
2. MOTION ADAPTIVE PROCESSING 726
3. SPATIO-TEMPORAL PREDICTION OF THE HDTV SIGNAL 730
4. GLOBAL CODING EFFICIENCY 732
5. CONCLUSIONS 732
REFERENCES 733
Part XIV: HDTV PRODUCTION AND TRANSMISSION 734
Chapter 72. HDVS - Goes anywhere don't shoot without it! 736
Chapter 73. A Generalized Framework for HDTV Transmission on Future BISDN 740
ABSTRACT 740
1. INTRODUCTION 740
2. A GENERALIZED FRAMEWORK 741
3. FUTURE WORK 747
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 747
REFERENCES 747
Part XV: HIERARCHICAL CODING 2 750
Chapter 74. Hierarchical Coding of TV/HDTV within the German HDTVT Project 752
1. HDTVT : Hierarchical Digital TV Transmission 752
2. Hierarchical Coding in HDTVT 753
REFERENCES 759
Chapter 75. 3-D Adaptive Pyramid for Compatible HDTV Video Compression 760
1. INTRODUCTION 760
2. 3-D ADAPTIVE PYRAMID DATA STRUCTURE 761
3. PYRAMIDAL VIDEO CODER 762
4. SIMULATION RESULTS 764
5. CONCLUSIONS 766
6. ACKNOWLEDGMENT 766
REFERENCES 766
Chapter 76. Two-Layer Coding for ATM-Based Video Transmission Systems 770
Abstract 770
1. Introduction 770
2. Two-Layer Coding with Adaptive Priority Assignment 772
3. Block interleaving 777
4. Adaptive error concealment strategy 777
5. Conclusion 779
REFERENCES 779
Chapter 77. A Compensation Method of Drift Errors in Scalability 780
Abstract 780
1. Introduction 780
2. Conventional single loop two layers Scalable decoder 780
3. Interlace-in-lnterlace extraction 781
4. Frame /Field based MC 782
5. A Compensation Method of Drift Errors 785
6. Computer Simulation 787
References 788
Part XVI: MOTION ESTIMATION 790
Chapter 78. Overlapped motion compensation in hybrid video coding systems 792
1. Introduction 792
2. Overlapped block motion compensation 793
3. Hybrid system using overlapped motion compensation and subband decomposition 795
4. Simulation results 797
5. Conclusions 799
REFERENCES 799
Chapter 79. A New Motion Estimation Method for Interlaced Images 802
ABSTRACT 802
1. Introduction 802
2. Motion Estimation Methods for Interlaced Images 803
3. Frame/Field Adaptive Motion Estimation 806
4. Compensated Field-based Motion Estimation 807
5. Simulation Results 807
6. Conclusions 808
References 808
Chapter 80. A motion compensated algorithm for frame rate up conversion of progressive image sequences 810
ABSTRACT 810
1. INTRODUCTION 810
2. ALGORITHM DESCRIPTION 811
3. HARDWARE CONSIDERATIONS 815
4. TIMING DIAGRAM ARCHITECTURE 818
5. CONCLUSIONS 819
REFERENCES 819
PANEL DISCUSSION ON 820
CLOSING REMARKS 862
FAREWELL REMARKS 864
AUTHOR INDEX 866