Progress in Nanophotonics 3 (eBook)

Preface to Progress in Nanophotonics 6
Preface to Volume 3 8
Contents 9
Contributors 13
1 Silicon Light Emitting Diodes and Lasers Using Dressed Photons 15
1.1 Introduction 15
1.2 Dressed Photons and Dressed-Photon--Phonons 16
1.3 Principles of Light Emission 18
1.3.1 Single-Step De-excitation 18
1.3.2 Two-Step De-excitation 19
1.4 Visible Light Emitting Diodes 21
1.4.1 Device Fabrication 22
1.4.2 Device Operation 25
1.5 Infrared Light Emitting Diodes 28
1.5.1 Device Fabrication 28
1.5.2 Device Operation 30
1.6 Strength of Phonon Coupling 33
1.7 Contribution of the Multimode Coherent Phonons 38
1.8 Infrared Laser 42
1.9 Light Emitting Diodes Fabricated from Other Crystals 46
1.9.1 Using a Silicon Carbide Crystal 47
1.9.2 Using a Zinc Oxide Crystal 51
1.10 Other Devices 56
1.10.1 Optical and Electrical Relaxation Oscillator 56
1.10.2 Infrared Photodetector with Optical Amplification 62
1.11 Summary 68
References 68
2 Theoretical Analysis on Optoelectronic Properties of Organic Materials: Solar Cells and Light-Emitting Transistors 71
2.1 Introduction 71
2.2 Photo-induced Charge Separation in Organic Solar Cells 71
2.2.1 Charge Separation at Donor-Acceptor Interfaces 73
2.2.2 Methods 74
2.2.3 Charge Transfer Integral and Exciton Coupling for ?-Stacked Oligothiophene Molecules 76
2.2.4 Potential Barrier for Electron-Hole Separation 76
2.2.5 Summary 82
2.3 Interpenetrating Organic Solar Cells: Exciton Diffusion Length and Charge Mobility 83
2.3.1 Methods 84
2.3.2 Exciton Diffusion Length and Charge Mobility 86
2.3.3 Summary 88
2.4 Organic Light-Emitting Transistors 89
2.4.1 Methods 90
2.4.2 Emission Spectra of Organic Crystals 91
2.4.3 Summary 93
References 94
3 Laser Spectroscopy Using Topological Light Beams 97
3.1 Basics of Topological Light Beams 98
3.1.1 Introduction 98
3.1.2 Optical Vortex or Laguerre-Gauss Beam 100
3.1.3 Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) of LG Beam 102
3.1.4 Polarization Vortex 103
3.2 Generation of the Topological Light Beams 105
3.2.1 Generation of LG Beams 105
3.2.2 Mode Conversion Using Gouy Phase 105
3.2.3 Mode Conversion Using Holographic Grating 107
3.2.4 Generation of Polarization Vortex Beam 108
3.3 Evaluation of the Topological Light Fields 110
3.3.1 Interference Analysis 110
3.3.2 OAM Resolved Spectroscopy Based on Mode Conversion 113
3.4 Application to the Four-Wave Mixing (FWM) Spectroscopy 114
3.4.1 FWM Spectroscopy of Excitons Using Ultrashort Pulses 114
3.4.2 FWM Spectroscopy Using Optical Vortex Pulses 117
3.4.3 OAM Resolved Spectroscopy of FWM Signal 119
3.5 Application to the Pump-Probe Spectroscopy 122
3.5.1 Topological CDW in MX3 122
3.5.2 Pump-Probe Spectroscopy for Quasi 1D CDW System 125
3.5.3 Pump-Probe Spectroscopy Using Polarization Vortex Pulses 126
3.6 Summary 128
References 129
4 Localized Modes in Nonlinear Discrete Systems 132
4.1 Introduction 132
4.2 What Is the ILM? 134
4.2.1 Lattice Model 134
4.2.2 Fundamental Modes of ILM 135
4.2.3 Numerical Solutions of ILM 137
4.2.4 Necessity of Nonlinearity for ILM 138
4.2.5 Mechanism for Existence of ILMs 139
4.2.6 Fundamental Modes in Other Lattices 142
4.3 Basic Properties of Fundamental Modes 146
4.3.1 Approximate Solution of Weakly Localized ILM 146
4.3.2 Approximate Solution of Strongly Localized ILM 148
4.3.3 Stability of ILM 150
4.3.4 Rigorous Results on ILM in FPU Lattice 152
4.3.5 ILM in Dissipative Lattices 153
4.4 Variations of ILM 156
4.4.1 ILMs Near the Anti-integrable Limit 156
4.4.2 Polarobreather 159
4.5 Moving ILM 161
4.5.1 What Is Moving ILM? 161
4.5.2 Numerical Method for Moving ILM 162
4.5.3 Mobility of ILM and Symmetry of Interaction Potential 163
4.5.4 Collision Dynamics of ILM 165
4.6 Numerical Simulations of ILM in Real Systems 167
4.6.1 Excitation of ILM in Graphene 167
4.6.2 Excitation of ILM in CNT 168
4.7 Energy Localization in Experiments 169
4.7.1 Coupled Flexible Beams 170
4.7.2 Nonlinear Optic Wave Guides 173
References 176
5 Nano-optomechanics by Tailored Light Fields Under Fluctuations 180
5.1 Introduction 181
5.2 Theory 182
5.2.1 Light-Induced-Force Nano Dynamics Method (LNDM) 183
5.2.2 Light-Induced-Force Nano Metropolis Method (LNMM) 189
5.2.3 Discrete Integral Method with Spherical Cells (DISC) Under Cluster Approximation 189
5.3 Biomimetic Optical Manipulation Under Thermal Fluctuations 191
5.3.1 Fluctuation-Mediated Nano Optical Screening 191
5.3.2 Control of Dynamics and Optical Properties of Nanoparticles 197
5.3.3 Selective Optical Assembling of Uniform Nanoparticles 199
5.4 Collective Phenomena in Metallic Nanoparticles Under Nonequilibrium Condition 205
5.4.1 Medical Applications 205
5.4.2 Biosensor Applications 208
5.5 Summary 213
References 214
Index 216