Statistics and Data Analysis in Geochemical Prospecting (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Statistics and Data Analysis in Geochemical Prospecting 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 14
Editor's Foreword 6
Preface 8
List of Contributors 10
PART I: TECHNIQUES OF GEOCHEMICAL DATA PROCESSING AND INTERPRETATION 20
Chapter 1. Data storage and retrieval 22
Introduction 22
Data storage and retrieval systems 23
Data storage media 25
Types of data 29
Data organization 31
Data files 33
Structure of a data storage and retrieval system 38
Programming considerations 43
Generalized database systems 48
Summary 56
References 56
Chapter 2. Control procedures in geochemical analysis 58
Introduction 58
The statistical basis of analytical quality control 60
Laboratory control procedures 67
References 77
Chapter 3. Univariate analysis 78
Introduction 78
Central tendency and dispersion 78
Histograms 80
Density distribution 81
Fitting a Normal distribution 84
Analysis of variance 88
Group separation 93
Probability graphs 94
References 99
Chapter 4. Sampling methodology 102
Introduction 102
Search techniques 107
Analysis of variance 111
Strategies for optimum sampling design 119
Conclusion 124
References 126
Chapter 5. Mapping 130
Introduction 130
Types of map 131
Class selection techniques 132
Point-symbol maps 143
Contour maps 146
Three-dimensional views 177
Map filtering techniques 179
Cross-correlation maps 195
Multi-element maps 198
References 208
Chapter 6. Multivariate analysis 215
Introduction 215
Case study data 217
Cluster analysis 222
Correlation 236
Principal components and factor analysis 240
Partial correlation 262
Regression 263
Canonical correlation 279
Discriminant analysis 284
Sources of programs 291
References 291
PART II: A SELECTION OF GEOCHEMICAL DATA PROCESSING AND INTERPRETATION METHODS IN USE IN VARIOUS PARTS OF THE WORLD 299
Chapter 7. Regression analysis applied to interpretation of geochemical data at the Geological Survey of Sweden 301
Introduction 301
Method 301
Results 302
References 309
Chapter 8. Use of pattern classification methods in till geochemistry 311
Introduction 311
Description of the problem 311
Choice of method 312
Graphical methods 314
Example 316
Discussion 316
Acknowledgements 317
References 317
Chapter 9. Geochemical characterization of tin granites in northern Thailand 319
Introduction 319
Selection of useful elements 319
The classification problem 322
Determination of an optimal sampling design 325
Target map calculation in practice 329
References 330
Chapter 10. Statistical models for geochemical anomalies 333
Introduction 333
Types of models 333
Rank approximation : basis of the method 337
Approximation of statistical distributions 340
Multi-dimensional regression analysis 343
Additional remarks 346
Conclusions 346
Acknowledgements 346
References 347
Chapter 11. Mathematical and statistical activity in North America 349
Introduction 349
Data management 350
Search theory 350
Sampling and analytical variability 350
Univariate statistics 351
Surface fitting 352
Multivariate analysis 353
Deterministic models 356
Discussion 356
References 358
Chapter 12. Geochemical data processing in Western Europe 369
Review 369
References 373
Chapter 13. Examples of geochemical data processing in Africa 377
Introduction 377
Data processing and the interpretation of geochemical soil sampling results 381
Multi-element high-density drainage sampling 382
Multi-element drainage reconnaissance on a regional scale 384
Processing and interpretation of airborne geochemical survey data 387
Acknowledgements 388
References 389
Chapter 14. Geochemical data processing in Eastern Europe 391
Review 391
Bibliography 392
Appendix: Graphical aids for some statistical tests 397
Description 397
References 405
References Index 407
Subject Index 421