Advanced Computational and Design Techniques in Applied Electromagnetic Systems (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Advanced Computational and Design Techniques in Applied Electromagnetic Systems 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 8
PREFACE 6
INTERNATIONAL STEERING COMMITTEE 22
LOCAL STEERING COMMITTEE 23
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE 23
CONTRIBUTORS 24
EXHIBITORS 25
Part 1: Optimal Design Techniques and 
26 
Chapter 1. Automated optimal design of a permanent magnet excited dc motor with global 
28 
1. ABSTRACT 28
2. INTRODUCTION 28
3. OPTIMISATION METHOD 28
4. FIELD COMPUTATION 30
5. PROBLEM DESCRIPTION AND RESULTS 30
REFERENCES 31
Chapter 2. 
32 
1. INTRODUCTION 32
2. CONSTRAINED QUASI-NEWTON METHODS 33
3. NUMERICAL EXAMPLES 34
4. CONCLUSIONS 35
REFERENCES 35
Chapter 3. Sensitivity Analysis and Optimization of Chip Layout on Printed 
36 
1. INTRODUCTION 36
2. SUBDOMAIN DESIGN SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS 36
3. NUMERICAL EXAMPLES 38
5. CONCLUSION 39
REFERENCES 39
Chapter 4. The application of case-based reasoning to the initial design of 
40 
Abstract 40
1. INTRODUCTION 40
2. THE CASE-BASED DESIGN PROCESS 41
3. FEATURE EXTRACTION 41
4. CONCLUSIONS 43
REFERENCES 43
Chapter 5. 3-D finite element analysis of electromagnetic forces on contact systems in low 
44 
1. INTRODUCTION 44
2. METHOD OF ANALYSIS 45
3. ANALYZED MODEL 45
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 46
5. CONCLUSIONS 47
REFERENCES 47
Chapter 6. Investigation of flux density for 3-D electromagnetic force calculation using 
48 
1. INTRODUCTION 48
2. METHOD OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS 48
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 49
4. CONCLUSIONS 51
REFERENCES 51
Chapter 7. 
52 
1. INTRODUCTION 52
2. CALCULATION MODEL AND METHOD 53
3. CALCULATION RESULTS 54
4. CONCLUSIONS 55
REFERENCE 55
Chapter 8. An optimum design and characteristic analysis for a butt-lap-step joint core of amorphous distribution transformer 56
1. INTRODUCTION 56
2. NUMERICAL FORMULATION 57
3. SIMULATION RESULTS 58
4. CONCLUSIONS 59
REFERENCES 59
Chapter 9. 
60 
Abstract 60
1. INTRODUCTION 60
2. FORMULATION 60
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 62
4. CONCLUSIONS 63
REFERENCES 63
Chapter 10. 
64 
1. Introduction 64
2. Primary system requirements 64
3. Hardware description 65
4. Software description 66
5. Materials testing 66
6. Mirror construction 66
7. Results and discussion 67
8. Conclusions 67
References 67
Chapter 11. 
68 
1. Introduction 68
2. Design Optimization Environment 68
3. Shape Optimization of a Pole Face 69
4. Results 70
5. Conclusion 71
References 71
Chapter 12. Ground State Configurations of Two-Dimensional Coulomb Gas 
72 
1. INTRODUCTION 72
2. GENETIC ALGORITHM 73
3. SIMULATION RESULTS 73
4. CONCLUSIONS 75
REFERENCES 75
Chapter 13. Optimum design of linear induction motor for subway 
76 
1. INTRODUCTION 76
2. FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS 76
3. SUMT WITH A NEURAL NETWORK 77
4. RESULTS 78
5. CONCLUSION 79
Acknowledgement 79
REFERENCES 79
Chapter 14. Efficiency Optimized Design of Interior Permanent Magnet 
80 
Abstract 80
1. Introduction 80
2. Compensation of Air Gap Flux Density and Inductances 81
3. Efficiency Optimized Design 81
4. Comparison between the Prototype Motor and the Optimized Motor 82
5. Conclusion 83
REFERENCES 83
Chapter 15. The shape optimization of magnetic deflection system using evolution strategy 84
Abstract 84
1. INTRODUCTION 84
2. THE OPTIMIZATION OF SADDLE TYPE COIL CONFIGURATION 85
3. NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 86
4. CONCULUTION 87
REFERENCES 87
Chapter 16. 
88 
1. Introduction 88
2. Optimization 88
3. Results 89
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 89
REFERENCES 91
Chapter 17. An Improved 3-D Edge Finite Element Method for Eddy-Current 
92 
1. INTRODUCTION 92
2. PROPOSED METHOD 93
3. ANALYZED MODEL 93
4. OBTAINED RESULTS 94
5. CONCLUSIONS 95
REFERENCES 95
Chapter 18. Optimal shape design of brushless DC motors 
96 
1. INTRODUCTION 96
2. CLASSICAL DESIGN METHOD 97
3. OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM 97
4. DESIGN EXAMPLE 98
5. CONCLUSION 99
REFERENCES 99
Chapter 19. 
100 
Abstract 100
1. INTRODUCTION 100
2. SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS 100
3. NUMERICAL EXAMPLES 102
4. CONCLUSION 103
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 103
REFERENCES 103
Chapter 20. Topological Optimization for Matched Waveguide Load 
104 
1. INTRODUCTION 104
2. FINITE ELEMENT FORMULATION 104
3. SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS 106
4. NUMERICAL EXAMPLES 106
5. CONCLUSION 107
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 107
REFERENCES 107
Chapter 21. Applications of FEM Eletiic-Field Computation Program to The Optimal Design of GIS and GCB 108
Abstract 108
1. Introduction 108
2. Insulation design using electric-field analysis program for GIS 109
3. CONCLUSION 111
REFERENCES 111
Chapter 22. An Effective Magnetic Circuit Technique for Reducing 
112 
Abstract 112
1. INTRODUCTION 112
2. EQUILIBRIUM EQUATIONS 113
3. ACTUATING FORCE OF VOICE COIL 113
4. COMPENSATION COIL 114
5. CONCLUSION 114
6. REFERENCES 115
Chapter 23. The performance analysis of separate-type 
116 
1. INTRODUCTION 116
2. ANALYTICAL MODEL 116
3. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS 117
4. CONCLUSIONS 119
REFERENCE 119
Part 2: 
120 
Chapter 24. Application of wavelet analysis to an inverse problem in eddy current 
122 
1. INTRODUCTION 122
2. WAVELET APPROXIMATION 122
3. INVERSE PROBLEM FORT 123
4. CHARACTERIZATION OF CRACK 124
5. NUMERICAL RESULTS 124
6. CONCLUSIONS 125
REFERENCES 125
Chapter 25. 
126 
1. ELLIPTIC NDE PHENOMENA 126
2. PARABOLIC NDE PHENOMENA 127
3. HYPERBOLIC NDE PHENOMENA 129
4. CONCLUDING REMARKS 129
REFERENCES 129
Chapter 26. 
130 
1. THEORY 130
2. METHODS 131
3. RESULTS 132
4. DISCUSSION 133
REFERENCES 133
Chapter 27. 
134 
Abstract 134
1. Introduction 134
2. Charge Simulation Method 134
3. Example 135
4. Concluding Remarks 136
References 136
Chapter 28. 
138 
1. INTRODUCTION 138
2. MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION 138
3. OBJECTIVE FUNCTION DEFINITION 139
4. SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS 140
5. RESULTS OF RECONSTRUCTION 140
6. CONCLUSION 140
REFERENCES 141
Chapter 29. Defect identification in magnetic materials 
142 
1. INTRODUCTION 142
2. HYBRID METHOD 142
3. EXAMPLES AND DISCUSSION 144
4. CONCLUSION 145
REFERENCES 145
Chapter 30. 
146 
1. INTRODUCTION 146
2. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 147
3. Results and discussions 147
4. CONCLUSION 148
REFERENCES 148
Chapter 31. An improved method of estimation for residual magnetization integrating 
150 
Abstract 150
1. INTRODUCTION 150
2. FORMULATION OF METHOD 150
3. ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 152
4. CONCLUSION 153
REFERENCES 153
Chapter 32. Magnetic field analysis of eddy current testing with impulse response 
154 
1. INTRODUCTION 154
2. FORMULATION 155
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 156
4. CONCLUSION 157
REFERENCES 157
Chapter 33. 3-D eddy current analysis for crack model on ECT 
158 
Abstract 158
1. INTRODUCTION 158
2. ANALYSIS METHOD 158
3. ANALYSIS RESULTS AND VERIFICATION BY EXPERIMENTS 159
4. CONCLUSIONS 161
REFERENCES 161
Chapter 34. 
162 
Abstract 162
1. INTRODUCTION 162
2. MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE 162
2. SIZING THE CRACKS 164
3. EXAMPLES FOR CRACK SIZING USING MEASURED IMPEDANCE DATA 164
4. CONCLUSIONS 165
REFERENCES 165
Chapter 35. 
166 
Abstract 166
1. INTRODUCTION 166
2. Magnetic sensor using progressive magnetic flux 167
3. Analytical result 167
4. Conclusions 169
REFERENCES 169
Chapter 36. 
170 
Abstract 170
1. INTRODUCTION 170
2. THE OPTIMAL EXCITING COIL DESIGN 170
3. CONCLUSION 173
REFERENCES 173
Chapter 37. Reconstruction of underground dielectric objects using the conjugate gradient 
174 
1. INTRODUCTION 174
2. FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM 174
3. NUMERICAL RESULTS 176
4. CONCLUSION 177
REFERENCES 177
Chapter 38. 
178 
1. INTRODUCTION 178
2. PROBLEM FORMULATION 178
3. SIMULATED RESULT 180
4. CONCLUSION 181
REFERENCES 181
Chapter 39. 
182 
1. INTRODUCTION 182
2. PRINCIPLE 182
3. EXPERIMENT 183
4. CALCULATION 185
5. CONCLUSION 185
REFERENCES 185
Chapter 40. The application of artificial neural network to defect 
186 
1. INTRODUCTION 186
2. EDDY CURRENT TESTING 186
3. DEFECT CHARACTERIZATION USING ANN 188
4. NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 188
5. CONCLUSION 188
REFERENCES 189
Chapter 41. An Iterative Inversion Method for a Perfectly Conducting Cylinder 
190 
Abstract 190
1. Introduction 190
2. Angular Spectrum 190
3. Approximate shape and center 192
4. Numerical Results 192
References 193
Chapter 42. Automatic ECT Data Analysis of Steam Generator Tubings 
194 
1. INTRODUCTION 194
2. DATA - ACQUISITION 194
3. RESULTS 195
4. CONCLUSION 197
REFERENCES 197
Chapter 43. Defect Characterization in Eddy Current NDT by (µ+.) Evolution 
198 
Abstract 198
1. INTRODUCTION 198
2. FINITE ELEMENT FORMULATION 198
3. EVOLUTION STRATEGY 199
4. NUMERICAL EXAMPLES 200
5. CONCLUSION 200
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 201
REFERENCES 201
Chapter 44. 
202 
1. INTRODUCTION 202
2. THE KACZMARZ ALGORITHM 202
3. NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS 204
4. APPLICATION OF KACZMARZ ALGORITHM 204
5. CONCLUSIONS 205
REFERENCES 205
Chapter 45. 
206 
1. Introduction 206
2. Magnetic field generator and the characteristics of the nematode 206
3. Behavioral effects when exposed 
207 
4. Effect on eating behavior due to 
208 
5. Conclusions 209
REFERENCES 209
Chapter 46. Optimal electrode configuration in impedance cardiography by 
210 
1. INTRODUCTION 210
2. MODEL DESCRIPTION 211
3. RESULTS 212
4. CONCLUSION 213
REFERENCES 213
Chapter 47. 
214 
1. INTRODUCTION 214
2. NMR IMAGING 214
3. COMPUTATION OF INTERNAL CURRENT DENSITY 215
4. IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION 215
5. CONCLUSION 217
REFERENCES 217
Part 3: 
218 
Chapter 48. 
220 
INTRODUCTION 220
1. SYSTEM EVOLUTION APPROACH 220
CONCLUSION 223
REFERENCES 223
Chapter 49. Aspects of classical and physical approaches to applications of electromagnetic 
224 
ABSTRACT 224
1. INTRODUCTION 224
2. DOMAIN STRUCTURES AND LOSSES 225
3. COMBINATION OF CLASSICAL AND PHYSICAL APPROACHES 226
REFERENCES 227
Chapter 50. On the Application of Special Fundamental Solutions to Symmetric 
228 
1. INTRODUCTION 228
2. BEM FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD PROBLEMS 228
3. SPECIAL FUNDAMENTAL SOLUTIONS TO FULLY USE 
229 
4. NUMERICAL EXAMPLES 229
5. CONCLUSIONS 231
REFERENCES 231
Chapter 51. Determination of suitable feature parameters 
232 
Abstract 232
1. INTRODUCTION 232
2. NETWORK MODEL 232
3. EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF THE PARAMETERS 234
4. CONCLUSIONS 235
5. REFERENCES 235
Chapter 52. T-O finite element analysis of 3D nonlinear transient eddy current problems 236
1. METHOD 236
2. NUMERICAL RESULTS 237
3. CONCLUSIONS 238
REFERENCES 238
Chapter 53. 
240 
1. INTRODUCTION 240
2. ALLOCATION OF EQUALLY PARTITIONED DATA 241
3. CONCLUSION 243
REFERENCES 243
Chapter 54. 
244 
1. INTRODUCTION 244
2. MATHEMATICAL BACKGROUND 244
3. IMPLEMENTATION ON MP-2 245
REFERENCES 247
Chapter 55. Class network design in object-oriented programming 
248 
Abstract 248
1. MERITS OF OOP 248
2. DESIGN OF CLASS AND OBJECT NETWORKS 249
3. CLASS SET FOR 3-D ELECTROMAGNETIC ANALYSIS 249
4. CLASS AND OBJECT NETWORK FOR FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS 250
5. CONCLUSION 251
REFERENCES 251
Chapter 56. Effective 3D finite element modeling of eddy-current perturbation due 
252 
1. INTRODUCTION 252
2. CONCEPT OF FLAW-FIELD CALCULATION 252
3. RESULTS 253
4. CONCLUSION 253
REFERENCES 254
Chapter 57. A NEW FORMULATION BASED ON SCALAR MAGNETIC 
256 
ABSTRACT 256
1. INTRODUCTION 256
2. MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION BASED ON FEM 256
3. CASE STUDY 258
4. CONCLUSION 259
REFERENCES 259
Chapter 58. Three-dimensional analysis of eddy current and temperature distributions 
260 
Abstract 260
1. INTRODUCTION 260
2. METHOD 260
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 262
4. CONCLUSION 263
REFERENCES 263
Chapter 59. 3-D eddy current computation using surface impedance 
264 
Abstract 264
1. INTRODUCTION 264
2. BOUNDARY ELEMENT FORMULATION 264
3. SURFACE IMPEDANCE FORMULATION 265
4. CONCLUSIONS 267
REFERENCES 267
Chapter 60. 
268 
1. INTRODUCTION 268
2. SUBJECT CONCEPT 268
3. LABORATORY 269
4. TUTORIAL EXAMPLE 269
5. CONCLUSIONS 271
REFERENCES 271
Chapter 61. Heat conduction and magnetic field analysis of 
272 
1. INTRODUCTION 272
2. MODEL AND ITS EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT 272
3. FUNDAMENTAL EQUATIONS 273
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 274
5. CONCLUSION 275
REFERENCES 275
CHAPTER 62. IRON LOSS CALCULATION 
276 
1. INTRODUCTION 276
2. THE ANALYSIS OF IRON LOSS 276
3. CONCLUSION 279
REFERENCES 279
CHAPTER 63. 
280 
1. Introduction 280
2. Parallel Implementation 281
3. Performance Analysis 282
4. Conclusion 283
REFERENCES 283
CHAPTER 64. Effect of gauge condition for edge element on 
284 
1. INTRODUCTION 284
2. METHOD FOR IMPOSING GAUGE CONDITION 284
3. EFFECT OF NUMBER OF SPECIFIED EDGES ON 
286 
4. CONCLUSIONS 287
REFERENCES 287
Part 4: Mechanism and Dynamics of 
288 
Chapter 65. Magnetic field analysis of anisotropic problem 
290 
1. INTRODUCTION 290
2. PROBLEMS OF CONVENTIONAL METHOD 290
3. ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR ANISOTROPIC PROBLEM 291
4. ANALYTICAL RESULTS OF ANISOTROPIC PROBLEM 293
5. CONCLUSIONS 293
REFERENCES 293
Chapter 66. 
294 
Abstract 294
1 Introduction 294
2 Theoretical Analysis 294
3 The elastic contact problem 
296 
4 Conclusion 297
References 297
Chapter 67. A numerical formulation for coupled electro-thermo-elastic 
298 
1. INTRODUCTION 298
2. GOVERNING EQUATIONS 298
3. BOUNDARY INTEGRAL FORMULATION 299
4. FUNDAMENTAL SOLUTION 300
5. SPLINE BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD 300
6. NUMERICAL EXAMPLES AND CONCLUDING REMARKS 301
REFERENCES 301
Chapter 68. Modelling of Miniature Finger Driven by Piezoceramic Stacked 
302 
1. INTRODUCTION 302
2. MODELLING AND ANALYSIS 303
3. SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 304
4. CONCLUSIONS 305
REFERENCES 305
Chapter 69. DEVELOPMENT OF FLAT INDUCTION MOTOR 306
ABSTRACT 306
1. INTRODUCTION 306
2. FLAT INDUCTION MOTOR 307
3. CONCLUSION 309
REFERENCES 309
Chapter 70. 
310 
1. INTRODUCTION 310
2. CONSIDERATION OF INDUCTION PHENOMENA OF THE CAN 311
3. 2D FINITE ELEMENT METHOD COMBINED WITH 3D METHOD 312
4. RESULT 313
5. CONCLUSION 313
REFERENCES 313
Chapter 71. The Analysis of the Characteristics of a Hybrid-type 
314 
1.INTRODUCTION 314
2. CONFIGURATION AND EQUIVALENT MAGNETIC CIRCUIT OF A HYBRID DLPM 314
3. THE CALCULATION OF THE STATIC THRUST FROM COENERGY 315
4. RESULTS 316
5.CONCLUSIONS 317
REFERENCES 317
Chapter 72. The Design and Characteristic Analysis 
318 
1.INTRODUCTION 318
2.ANALYSIS MODEL AND CHARACTERISTIC EQUATIONS 318
3.TFLIM ESIGN AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 320
4.CONCLUSIONS 321
REFERENCES 321
Chapter 73. 
322 
I. 
322 
2. SCHEME OF LDM AND PRINCIPLE OF THRUST 322
3. REDUCTION OF THRUST RIPPLE 323
4. DRIVING CIRCUIT 324
5. RESULTS 324
6. CONCLUSION 325
REFERENCES 325
Chapter 74. Geometric constraints on planar microstructures and their influence 
326 
1. INTRODUCTION 326
2. GEOMETRIC CONSTRAINTS 326
3. POLYSILICON RESONANT MICROACTUATORS 327
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 328
5. CONCLUSIONS 329
REFERENCES 329
Chapter 75. The Characteristics of the Single-sided Linear Pulse Motor 
330 
ABSTRACT 330
1. INTRODUCTION 330
2. STRUCTURE AND FEATURE OF PROTOTYPE LPM 330
3. FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS 331
4. MEASUREMENT SYSTEM AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 332
5. CONCLUSIONS 333
REFERENCES 333
Chapter 76. Electric field actuator analysis using coupled 
334 
Abstract 334
1. INTRODUCTION 334
2. COUPLED ELECTROMAGNETIC AND STRUCTURAL FINITE ELEMENTS 334
3. ANALYSIS OF A THREE-PLATE CAPACITIVE ACCELEROMETER 335
4. ANALYSIS OF A PIVOTING ELECTRODE MICROACTUATOR 336
5. CONCLUSIONS 337
REFERENCES 337
Chapter 77. Practical analysis of permanent magnet type stepping motor using 
338 
Abstract 338
1. INTRODUCTION 338
2. STATIC CHARACTERISTICS 338
3. DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS 340
4. CONCLUSION 341
REFERENCES 341
Chapter 78. 
342 
ABSTRACT 342
1. INTRODUCTION 342
2. 
342 
3. MODELLING 
342 
4. SIMULATION RESULTS 344
REFERENCES 345
Chapter 79. 
346 
1. INTRODUCTION 346
2. METHODS 347
3. MAGNETIC MATERIAL EFFECTS 348
4. RESULTS 349
4. CONCLUSIONS 349
REFERENCES 349
Chapter 80. 
350 
1. INTRODUCTION 350
2. EMCC OF THE CIRCULAR PLATE 351
3. EMCC OF THE CYLINDRICAL SHELL 353
REFERENCES 353
Chapter 81. Characterization of higher harmonic frequency components in noise and vibrations 
354 
ABSTRACT 354
1. INTRODUCTION 354
2. MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY WAVES 355
3. ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCE WAVES 356
4. SOURCE IDENTIFICATION OF NOISE AND VIBRATIONS 356
5. CONCLUSIONS 357
REFERENCES 357
Chapter 82. Chaotic Vibration and Its Control of a Cantilever Beam 
358 
Abstract 358
1. INTRODUCTION 358
2. PHYSICAL MODEL 358
3. CHAOTIC RESPONSE 359
4. FEADBACK LINEARIZATION 360
5. EXPERIMENTAL REALIZATION OF CONTROL 361
6. CONCLUSIONS 361
7. REFERENCES 361
Chapter 83. 
362 
Abstract 362
1 Introduction 362
2 Theoretical Analysis 363
3 Experiment 364
4 Discussion 364
5 Conclusion 365
Reference 365
Chapter 84. 
366 
1. INTRODUCTION 366
2. EXPERIMENTS 366
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 368
4. CONCLUSION 369
REFERENCES 369
Chapter 85. The Analysis on The Performance Characteristics for Design of a 
370 
1. Introduction 370
2. The proposing LVDT and Field Model 370
3. Result and Experiments 372
4. C0NCLUTION 373
REFERENCE 373
Chapter 86. Active Control of Structural Vibration Using 
374 
1. INTRODUCTION 374
2. STRUCTURE OF LOA 374
3. CALCULATION OF THE FLUX DENSITY AND THE RESULTED FORCE 375
4. APPLICATION TO THE STRUCTURAL VIBRATION CONTROL 376
5. CONCLUSION 377
REFERENCE 377
Chapter 87. Static and Dynamic Vibration Analysis of the Stator in 
378 
1. INTRODUCTION 378
2. FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF STATOR 378
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 379
4. CONCLUSION 381
REFERENCES 381
Chapter 88. 
382 
1. INTRODUCTION 382
2. STRUCTURE OF THE ULTRASONIC MOTOR 382
3. EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT 383
4. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS ON PERFORMANCE OF THE MOTOR 384
5. CALCULATION RESULTS 384
REFERENCES 385
Part 5: Physics and Applications of Magnetic Levitation, Electromagnetic Propulsion and Superconductivity 386
Chapter 89. STUDY OF A LINEAR ACTUATOR WITH LADDER SHAPED HIGH Tc 
388 
1. INTRODUCTION 388
2. PRINCIPLE OF THE ACTUATOR 388
3. EXPERIMENT 388
4. ANALYSIS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCE 390
5. CONCLUSIONS 391
REFERENCES 391
Chapter 90. Analysis of superconducting coil current in a linear synchronous 
392 
1. Introduction 392
2. Analysis o f persistent current 392
3.Persistent current characteristics 393
4. Electromagnetic forces based on constant flux mode analysis 394
5. Conclusions 394
References 394
Chapter 91. 3D analysis offerees in the shields of SC coils in EDS-MAGLEV transport 
396 
1. INTRODUCTION 396
2. OUTLINE OF THE METHOD 396
3. EXAMPLE OF APPLICATION 397
4. CONCLUSIONS 399
REFERENCES 399
Chapter 92. Numerical evaluation of a.c. losses in superconductor 
400 
1. INTRODUCTION 400
2. FORMULATION 400
3. NUMERICAL RESULTS 402
4. CONCLUSIONS 402
REFERENCES 403
Chapter 93. 
404 
1. INTRODUCTION 404
2. DEVICES AND EXPERIMENT OF LEVITATION HEATING 404
3. SIMULATION OF LEVITATION MOVING 406
4. CONCLUSIONS 407
REFERENCES 407
Chapter 94. 
408 
1. INTRODUCTION 408
2. FORMULATIONS 409
3. RESULTS 409
4. CONCLUSION 411
REFERENCES 411
Chapter 95. Numerical analysis of restoring and levitation forces in high Tc 
412 
1. INTRODUCTION 412
2. NUMERICAL METHOD 413
3. HORIZONTAL STABILITY IN SUPERCONDUCTING LEVITATION 413
4. OPTIMIZATION OF FLYWHEEL CONFIGURATION 414
5. CONCLUSION 415
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 415
REFERENCES 415
Chapter 96. Dynamics Simulations of Controlled-PM LSM Maglev Carrier, 
416 
1. INTRODUCTION 416
2 . EQUATIONS OF MOTION AND CONTROL 417
3 . NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS 418
4. CONCLUSIONS 418
REFERENCES 418
Chapter 97. 3-D FEM Analysis of Guidance and Levitation Forces 
420 
1. INTRODUCTION 420
2. ANALYSIS MODEL 421
3. MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION 421
4. ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 422
5. CONCLUSION 423
REFERENCE 423
Chapter 98. Magnetic property observation of high temperature superconducting bulk 
424 
Abstract 424
1.INTRODUCTION 424
2.EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 424
3.EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 425
4.CONCLUSION 427
REFERENCES 427
Chapter 99. Physics, Numerical Analysis and Experiment for A.C. Magnetic Property of High Tc Superconducting Levitation 428
1. INTRODUCTION 428
2. MODELING OF HIGH Tc SUPERCONDUCTOR 428
3 EXPERIMENT 429
4. NUMERICAL ANALYSIS 430
4. CONCLUSION 431
REFERENCES 431
Chapter 100. Dynamic simulation of electric machines coupled to external circuits 
432 
1 INTRODUCTION 432
2 2D FINITE ELEMENTS 432
3 CIRCUIT CONNECTIONS 433
4 THE SLIDING INTERFACE 433
5 DYNAMIC MODELLING OF AN SRM 434
6 CONCLUSION 434
REFERENCES 435
Chapter 101. Direct problem approach to electromagnetic levitation melting 436
1. FORMULATION OF THE DIRECT PROBLEM APPROACH 436
2. COMPUTED RESULTS OF THE SHAPE OF THE FREE SURFACE 439
3. CONCLUSIONS 439
REFERENCES 439
Chapter 102. The improvement of the characteristics 
440 
1. INTRODUCTION 440
2. REVISED WINDING METHOD 440
3. ANALYSIS OF THE CHARACTERISTICS 441
4. RESULTS 442
5. CONCLUSION 443
REFERENCES 443
Chapter 103. 
444 
I. INTRODUCTION 444
2.THE CHARACTERISTICS OF END EFFECT 444
3.OPTIMIZATION 445
4.RESULTS AND SIMULATION 446
5.CONCLUSION 447
REFERENCES 447
Chapter 104. Characteristics analysis of moving-secondary SLIM 
448 
1. INTRODUCTION 448
2. CONSTRUCTION OF PILOT MACHINE 448
3. EXPERIMENTS 449
4. RESULTS 450
5. CONCLUSIONS 451
REFERENCES 451
Chapter 105. Dynamic characterictics analysis by neural network and FEM 
452 
1. INTRODUCTION 452
2. THRUST CALCULATION USING THE FEM 453
3. THRUST PREDICTION BY THE NEURAL NETWORK 454
4. DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS ANALYSIS 454
5. RESULTS 455
6. CONCLUSION 455
REFERENCES 455
Chapter 106. The dynamic braking characteristics of the vertical linear synchronous motor 456
ABSTRACT 456
1. INTRODUCTION 456
2. THE VERTICAL LSM EXPERIMENTAL EQUIPMENT 457
3. THE DYNAMIC BRAKING CHARACTERISTICS OF VERTICAL LSM 457
4. CONCLUSION 459
REFERENCE 459
Chapter 107. Dynamic characteristics of linear induction motor with ladder-type 
460 
ABSTRACT 460
1. INTRODUCTION 460
2. EXPERIMENTAL EQUIPMENT FOR MEASURING DYNAMIC 
460 
3. METHOD OF MEASURING THE CHARACTERISTICS 461
4. THE THRUST-FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS 462
5. CONCLUSION 463
Reference 463
Chapter 108. A study of thrust characteristics on 
464 
Abstract 464
1. Introduction 464
2. Structure of the LOA 465
3. Static thrust characteristic analysis 465
4. Conclusion 467
References 467
Chapter 109. 
468 
ABSTRACT 468
1. INTRODUCTION 468
2. STRUCTURE AND OPERATION 469
3. ANALYSIS AND MEASUREMENT OF STATIC THRUST 470
4. CONCLUSION 471
REFERENCES 471
Chapter 110. Design of an H 8 robust control system for a magnetically levitated thin iron plate 472
1. INTRODUCTION 472
2. SIMPLIFIED MODEL-APPARATUS 472
3. CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN FOR THE SIMPLIFIED MODEL 473
4. CONCLUSION 475
Reference 475
Chapter 111. MAGNETIC SHIELDING PROPERTIES OF TILE OXIDE 
476 
ABSTRACT 476
1. INTRODUCTION 476
2. ANALYTICAL MODEL 476
3. EXPERIMENTAL EQUIPMENT FOR MAGNETIC SHIELDING 478
4. FLUX DENSITY DISTRIBUTION 478
5.CONCLUSION 479
REFERENCE 479
Chapter 112. Investigation on the Improvement of Positioning Accuracy of 
480 
ABSTRACT 480
1. INTRODUCTION 480
2. BASIC STRUCTURE AND OPERATING PRINCIPLES 480
3. OBTAINING HIGHER POSITIONING ACCURACY 481
4. CONCLUSION 483
REFERENCES 483
Chapter 113. CHARACTERISTICS ON CYLINDRICAL MOVING COIL LINEAR DC 
484 
ABSTRACT 484
INTRODUCTION 484
2.BASIC STRUCTURE OF MC-LDM 484
3.STATIC THRUST CHARACTERISTIC ANALYSIS 485
4.CONCLUSION 487
REFERENCE 487
Chapter 114. INVESTIGATION OF CHARACTERISTICS ON 
488 
ABSTRACT 488
1. INTRODUCTION 488
2. SCHEME OF ANALYSIS AND BASIC CHARACTERISTICS 488
3. DEPENDENCY OF TEETH SHAPE OF SECONDARY 490
4. EFFECT OF DIAMAGNETISM 491
5. CONCLUSION 491
REFERENCE 491
Chapter 115. Consideration on acceleration mechanism of two dimensional 
492 
1. INTRODUCTION 492
2. MPD THRUSTER AND MASTER EQUATIONS 492
3. CONSIDERATION ON PROPULSION FORCE 494
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 494
REFERENCES 495
Chapter 116. Repulsive-Mode Levitation Control during a Standstill of 
496 
1. INTRODUCTION 496
2. MARINE-EXPRESS MODEL TRAIN ME03 497
3. EQUATIONS OF MOTION AND CONTROL SYSTEM 497
4. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 497
5. CONCLUSIONS 499
REFERENCES 499
Chapter 117. Analysis of a linear generator in a MAGLEV vehicle 
500 
1. INTRODUCTION 500
2. FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS 500
3. CALCULATION OF THE MODEL SYSTEM 501
4. CONCLUSION 502
REFERENCES 503
Chapter 118. Analysis of electromagnetic forces of EDS 
504 
ABSTRACT 504
1. INTRODUCTION 504
2. STRUCTURE OF A SINGLE COIL EDS SYSTEM 505
3. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SINGLE COIL EDS SYSTEM 505
4. NUMERICAL EXAMPLES 506
5. CONCLUSION 507
REFERENCES 507
Chapter 119. The Electromagnetic Analysis for MAGLEV Train under Short-circuit of 
508 
Abstract 508
1. Introduction 508
2. SCM system 508
3. Analysis using Wire Segments Model 508
4. Finite Element Analysis 508
5. Experiment 509
6. Conclusions 509
References 509
Chapter 120. Control system design for a magnetic levitation module 512
1. LEVITAION SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 512
2. LEVITATION MODEL AND CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN 512
3. SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 513
4. CONCLUSION 515
REFERENCES 515
Chapter 121. FLUX SENSING FOR DIRECT VECTOR CONTROL 
516 
1. INTRODUCTION 516
2. FLUX SENSING BY TAPPED WINGINGS 517
3. FLUX SENSING BY HALL SENSORS 519
4. CONCLUSION 519
Acknowledgement 519
REFERENCES 519
Chapter 122. The analysis of the temperature characteristics of superconducting 
520 
1. INTRODUCTION 520
2. THE HEAT CONDUCTION EQUATIONS 521
3. EXPERIMENT 521
4. CONCLUSION 523
REFERENCES 523
Chapter 123. Coarse/Fine Pair Control System for Magneto-optical 
524 
1 Introduction 524
2 Coarse/fine Pair Control System for MO Disk Drive 524
3 Design of Coarse Tracking Actuator and Focusing Actuator 525
4 Servo Control System and Experiment results 526
5 Conclusion 527
References 527
Part 6: Modeling and Applications of Magnetic Fluid, Plasma 
528 
Chapter 124. A 2D FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FOR THE MODELING 
530 
ABSTRACT 530
1. INTRODUCTION 530
2. PROBLEM FORMULATION 530
3. APPLICATION AND RESULTS 532
4. CONCLUSION 533
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 533
REFERENCES 533
Chapter 125. Electrorheological properties and the effect of heating on oilbased magnetic fluid prepared by dispersing moisturecontaining 
534 
1. INTRODUCTION 534
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 534
3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 536
4. CONCLUSION 537
REFERENCES 537
Chapter 126. 
538 
1. INTRODUCTION 538
2. EXPERIMENT 538
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 539
4. CONCLUDING REMARKS 541
REFERENCES 541
Chapter 127. Surface behaviors of the two-layers liquid sloshing under non-uniform 
542 
1. INTRODUCTION 542
2. EXPERIMENTS 542
3. Linearized wave theory 543
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 544
REFERENCES 545
Chapter 128. Numerical estimation of bootstrap current in tokamaks under 
546 
Abstract 546
1. INTRODUCTION 546
2. FORMULATION 546
3. NUMERICAL RESULTS 547
4. CONCLUSIONS 548
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 548
REFERENCES 549
Chapter 129. On the Behavior of Injected Particles in Plasma Spraying 
550 
1. INTRODUCTION 550
2. GOVERNING EQUATIONS 550
3. RESULTS AND CONSIDERATION 551
4. CONCLUSION 552
REFERENCES 552
Chapter 130. Analysis of the steep-fronted surge stress in Induction motor 
554 
ABSTRACT 554
1. INTRODUCTION 554
2. BASIC THEORY FOR ANALYSIS 554
3. MODEL FOR ANALYSIS OF COILS SURGE DISTRIBUTION 555
4. THE RESULTS OF ANALYSIS 556
5. CONCLUSION 557
REFERENCES 557
Chapter 131. Fractal nature of the Barkhausen jumps in metal ribbon 
558 
1. INTRODUCTION 558
2. EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS 559
3. FRACTAL NATURE OF BJ 560
4- DISCUSSION 561
REFERENCES 561
Chapter 132. Numerical analysis of fast inter-cathode break-down in open-cycle 
562 
1 Introduction 562
2 Mathematical Model and Numerical Scheme 563
3 Fast Inter-Cathode Breakdown 563
4 Concluding Remarks 565
References 565
Chapter 133. Numerical Analysis for the Process of Dielectric Breakdown 
566 
Abstract 566
1. INTRODUCTION 566
2. GROWTH PROBABILITIES 567
3. NUMERICAL ALGORITHM 568
4. EFFECTS OF PARAMETERS 568
5. CONCLUSION 569
REFERENCES 569
Part 7: 
570 
Chapter 134. 
572 
1. Physical Nature of the Coupling in Induction Heating Problems 572
2. Conclusions 574
REFERENCES 575
Chapter 135. Electromagnetic scattering by a chiral coated dielectric cylinder 576
1. INTRODUCTION 576
2. PROBLEM FORMULATION 576
3. NUMERICAL RESULTS 578
4. CONCLUSION 579
REFERENCES 579
Chapter 136. Analysis of a distributed amplifier of MESFET's by the 
580 
1. INTRODUCTION 580
2 MODELING OF A DISTRIBUTED AMPLIFIER 580
3 THE TRANSMISSION LINE MATRIX METHOD 581
4. RESULTS AND CONCLUDING REMARKS 582
REFERENCES 583
Chapter 137. 3D Analysis of Waveguide Loaded Cavities Using Edge Based Finite Elements 584
1. INTRODUCTION 584
2. METHOD OF ANALYSIS 584
3. NUMERICAL RESULTS 586
4. CONCLUSIONS 587
REFERENCES 587
Chapter 138. A Self-Organizing Finite-Element Tessellation Mesh Generator 
588 
1. INTRODUCTION 588
2. 3D SOFT MESH GENERATOR 589
3. SIMULATION RESULTS 590
4. CONCLUSION 591
REFERENCES 591
Chapter 139. Numerical modeling of axisymmetric problem using FEM with absorbing boundary condition 592
1. INTRODUCTION 592
2. GOVERNING EQUATIONS FOR EDDY CURRENT 592
3. FINITE ELEMENT FORMULATION FOR AXISYMMETRIC EDDY CURRENT 593
4. NUMERICAL RESULTS 594
5. CONCLUSION 595
REFERENCES 595
Chapter 140. 
596 
1. INTRODUCTION 596
2.THEORY 596
3.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 597
4. CONCLUSION 599
REFERENCES 599
Chapter 141. Detection of edge wave for sound diffraction using the correlation 
600 
1. INTRODUCTION 600
2. THEORY OF MEASUREMENT 600
3. EXPERIMENTAL PERFORMANCE 602
4. CONCLUSION 603
5. REFERENCES 603
Chapter 142. Sound wave detection for the multiple sounds field by taking 
604 
1. INTRODUCTION 604
2. THEORY OF SOUND DETECTION 605
3. EXPERIMENTAL PERFORMANCE 606
4. CONCLUSION 607
5. REFERENCES 607
Chapter 143. Numerical analysis of radiation field structure from free 
608 
Abstract 608
1. INTRODUCTION 608
2. SIMULATION METHOD 608
3. NUMERICAL RESULTS 609
4. SUMMARY 610
REFERENCES 610
Chapter 144. An 'a posteriori' Local Error Estimation Scheme for Adaptive Computation 
612 
Abstract 612
1. INTRODUCTION 612
2. EDGE FINITE ELEMENTS 612
3. AN 'A POSTERIORI' ERROR ESTIMATE FOR ADAPTIVE FINITE ELEMENT 613
4. NUMERICAL TEST RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 614
4. CONCLUSIONS 615
REFERENCES 615
Chapter 145. 
616 
Abstract 616
1. INTRODUCTION 616
2. ADAPTIVE SCHEME AND ERROR ESTIMATION 616
3. NUMERICAL EXAMPLES 617
4. CONCLUSION 619
REFERENCE 619
Chapter 146. A Simulator for Train Detection and its Control by Inductive Radio 
620 
1. INTRODUCTION 620
2. System Description 621
3. Circuits and Experimental Results 622
4. An Application using the speed signal 623
5. Conclusion 623
REFERENCE 623
Chapter 147. MOMENT METHOD ANALYSIS OF 
624 
Abstract 624
l.INTRODUCTION 624
2.ANALYSIS 624
3.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 626
4.CONCLUSIONS 627
REFERENCES 627
Part 8: 
628 
Chapter 148. Investigation of novel high voltage polysilicon thin film 
630 
1. INTRODUCTION 630
2. SIMULATION 631
3. CONCLUSIONS 632
REFERENCES 632
Chapter 149. 
634 
Abstract 634
1 INTRODUCTION 634
2 FEATURE OF ELECTRICAL CONTACT BOUNCE PHENOMENA 634
3 TRANSIENT MOTION OF TRAVELING AND FIXED CONTACTS 635
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 637
REFERENCE 637
Chapter 150. Computations on voltage distributions of metal-oxide 
638 
1. INTRODUCTION 638
2. NUMERICAL METHOD FOR COMPUTING POTENTIAL DISTRIBUTION 639
3. VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF 220kV SUSPENDED-TYPE PLMOA 641
4. CONCLUDING REMARKS 641
REFERENCES 641
Chapter 151. Numerical analysis of the electron trajectories 
642 
1. INTRODUCTION 642
2. MODEL OF A FIELD EMITTER 642
3. RESULTS 644
4. CONCLUSION 645
Acknowledgment 645
References 645
Chapter 152. 
646 
ABSTRACT 646
1. INTRODUCTION 646
2. HARMONIC FIELDS 646
3. SCREEN ERRORS AND COIL HARMONICS 647
4. CONCLUSION 649
REFERENCES 649
Chapter 
650 
Abstract 650
1. INTRODUCTION 650
2 SELF-CONSISTENT FIELD 650
3. EVOLUTION STRATEGY 651
4. OBJECTIVE FUNCTION and DESIGN VARIABLES 651
5. NUMERICAL RESULTS 651
5. CONCLUSIONS 653
REFERENCES 653
Chapter 154. Analysis and fabrication of cell manipulation devices using dielectrophoretic 
654 
Abstract 654
1. INTRODUCTION 654
2. ANALYSIS 655
3. FABRICATION 656
5. CONCLUSION 657
Acknowledgment 657
REFERENCES 657
Chapter 155. A RESONANT PHENOMENON BETWEEN ADJACENT SERIES 
658 
ABSTRACT 658
1. INTRODUCTION 658
2. RESONANT TYPE INDUCTOR 659
3. CONCLUSION 661
REFERENCES 661
Part 9: 
662 
Chapter 156. One- and Two-Dimensional Magnetic Phenomena in Electrical Steel and their 
664 
1. INTRODUCTION 664
2. THE ONE-DIMENSIONAL CASE 664
3. THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL CASE 665
4. SUMMARY 667
Chapter 157. 
668 
1. INTRODUCTION 668
2. DESIGN OF THE DISPLACEMENT TRANSDUCER 668
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 669
4. CONCLUSION 671
5. REFERENCES 671
Chapter 158. 
672 
Abstract 672
1. INTRODUCTION 672
2. A SIMPLE ONE-DIMENSIONAL MODEL 673
3. A BENCHMARK PROBLEM 673
4. CONCLUSIONS 674
REFERENCES 675
Chapter 159. Elasticity moduli of the Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si15.5B7 after annealing in vacuum at different temperatures in the range from 300 to 560°C 676
1. INTRODUCTION 676
2. EXPERIMENT 676
3. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 679
REFERENCES 679
Chapter 160. 
680 
1. INTRODUCTION 680
2 . EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS 680
3. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 683
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 683
REFERENCES 683
Chapter 161. 
684 
1. INTRODUCTION 684
2. MEASUREMENT SYSTEM AND MODEL CORE 684
3. MEASUREMENT RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 685
4. CONCLUSION 686
REFERENCES 686
Chapter 162. Domain observation under rotational excitation 
688 
1. INTRODUCTION 688
2. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 688
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 690
4. CONCLUSION 691
5. REFERENCES 691
Chapter 163. THE MAGNETIZATION CHANGE OF SILICON IRON ALLOYS DUE TO PLASTIC 
692 
ABSTRACT 692
1. INTRODUCTION 692
2. SAMPLES AND EXPERIMENTS 692
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 692
4. CONCLUSIONS 695
REFERENCES 695
Chapter 164. THE EFFECT OF STRESS ON THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL 
696 
ABSTRACT 696
1. INTRODUCTION 696
2. SAMPLES AND EXPERIMENT 696
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 696
4. CONCLUSIONS 699
REFERENCE 699
Chapter 165. Prediction of core loss with elliptical flux from measurements with 
700 
1. INTRODUCTION 700
2. FORMULATION 701
3. EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION 702
4. CONCLUSION 703
REFERENCES 703
Chapter 166. 
704 
1. INTRODUCTION 704
2. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 704
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 705
4. CONCLUSIONS 706
REFERENCES 706
Chapter 167. Measurement of the coercive field strength 
708 
1. INTRODUCTION 708
2. PREPARATION OF SAMPLES 708
3. EXPERIMENT AND RESULTS 709
4. CNCLUSION 711
REFERENCES 711
Chapter 168. The magnetic properties of Co-Fe electrodeposited alumite 
712 
1. INTRODUCTION 712
2. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES 712
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 713
4. CONCLUSIONS 715
REFERENCES 715
Chapter 169. 
716 
1. INTRODUCTION 716
2. HYSTERESIS MODEL 716
3. MODEL IMPLEMENTATION TO ELECTROMAGNETIC TRANSIENT STUDIES 718
4. CONCLUSION 719
REFERENCE 719
Chapter 170. Output voltage characteristics and magnetic field analysis 
720 
Abstract 720
1. INTRODUCTION 720
2. THE OUTPUT VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF MAGNETIC DEFECT 
720 
3. THE OUTPUT VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS VARIATION WITH COERCIVE 
722 
4. THE OUTPUT VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS VARIATION WITH CORE GAP 722
5. CONCLUSION 723
REFERENCES 723
Chapter 171. Magnetization and demagnetization of the magnetic card by 
724 
1 . INTRODUCTION 724
2. SAMPLE PREPARATION 724
3. EXPERIMENTS 725
4.DISCUSSIONS 727
Aknowlegdements 727
References 727
Chapter 172. Measurement of Vibration Mode of an Acoustic Vibration 
728 
Abstract 728
1. INTRODUCTION 728
2. STRUCTURE AND VIBRATION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AVEG 728
3. VIBRATION VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION IN VIBRATION PLANES 730
4. EFFECT OF PRESTRESS BOLTS ON VIBRATION PLANES 731
REFERENCE 731
Chapter 173. Implementation of time domain finite element method to complicated 
732 
1. INTRODUCTION 732
2. FINITE ELEMENT AND LINE INTEGRAL APPROACH 732
3. NUMERICAL IMPLEMENTATION 733
4. NUMERICAL RESULTS 734
REFERENCES 735
Chapter 174. Computer simulation of playback performance of 
736 
1. INTRODUCTION 736
2. PLAYBACK VOLTAGE CALCULATION USING RECIPROCITY 
736 
3. SIMULATION METHOD 737
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 738
5. CONCLUSIONS 739
6. REFERNCES 739
Chapter 175. Magnetic exchange coupling at the interface of NiFe/Tb 
740 
1. INTRODUCTION 740
2. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 741
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 741
4. CONCLUSIONS 743
REFERENCES 743
Chapter 176. 
744 
1. INTRODUCTION 744
2. EXPERIMENTS 744
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 745
4. CONCLUSION 747
REFERENCES 747
Chapter 177. Effect of additives on the magnetic properties of 
748 
1. INTRODUCTION 748
2. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES 748
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSION 749
4. CONCLUSION 751
REFERENCES 751
Chapter 178. Magnetic properties and phase analysis of NdxFe77B23-xmelt spun alloys 752
1. INTRODUCTION 752
2. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 752
3. CONCLUSION 755
REFERENCES 755
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 755
Chapter 179. EFFECT OF CHAMBER GAS PRESSURE ON THE MICROSTRUCTURES AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF Nd12Fe77B8Cu3 MELT-SPUN RIBBONS 756
1. INTRODUCTION 756
2. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES 756
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 757
4. CONCLUSION 759
REFERENCES 759
AUTHOR INDEX 760