Metal Hydrides (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Metal Hydrides 
4 
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 10
List of Contributors 6
Preface 8
Chapter 1. An Introduction to the Nature and Technology of Hydrides 14
1-1 Classification of the Hydrides 15
1-2 Deutendes and Tritides 20
1-3 Massive Hydrides 21
1-4 Uses for Metal Hydrides 24
1-5 Hydrogen Embrittlement in Metals 27
References 32
Chapter 2. Hydrides in Nuclear Reactor Applications 34
2-1 Neutron Physics 35
2-2 Hydrides in Reactor Components 43
2-3 Moderators 44
2-4 Metal Hydrides as Moderator Materials 46
2-5 Reflectors 51
2-6 Metal Hydrides as Reflector Materials 53
2-7 Shields 54
2-8 Metal Hydrides as Shielding Materials 56
2-9 Controls 58
2-10 Metal Hydrides as Control Materials 58
2-11 Hydrogen Containment 58
2-12 Radiation Stability of Metal Hydrides 60
2-13 Thermal Stability of Metal Hydrides 61
References 61
Chapter 3. The Thermodynamics of Metal–Hydrogen Systems 64
3-1 Adsorption of Hydrogen on Metal Surfaces 64
3-2 Solution of Hydrogen in Metals and Formation of Hydrides 82
References 100
Chapter 4. Statistical Mechanics of Metal–Hydrogen Systems 103
4-1 Ideal Solutions of Hydrogen in Metals 104
4-2 Interaction of Hydrogen Atoms in Solution 110
4-3 Lattice Defects in the Hydride Phase 127
4-4 Summary 130
References 130
Chapter 5. Chemistry of Metal Hydrides as Related to Their Applications in Nuclear Technology 132
5-1 Chemical Reactions 132
5-2 Preparation of the Hydrides 154
5-3 Analytical Techniques for Determination of Hydrogen Content 169
References 174
Chapter 6. Saline Hydrides 178
6-1 General Information 178
6-2 Dissociation Behavior of the Saline Hydrides 184
6-3 Properties of the Saline Hydrides 212
6-4 Ionic Crystal Theory Applied to the Saline Hydrides 236
6-5 Preparation of the Saline Hydrides and of Beryllium Hydride 245
References 249
Chapter 7. Zirconium Hydrides and Hafnium Hydrides 254
7-1 Zirconium Hydride 254
7-2 Zirconium–Hydrogen Phase System 255
7-3 Properties of Zirconium Hydrides 299
7-4 Hafnium Hydride 334
7-5 Hafnium-Hydrogen Phase System 334
7-6 Zirconium–Hafnium–Hydrogen Phase System 339
References 343
Chapter 8. Titanium Hydrides 349
8-1 Titanium-Hydrogen Phase System 349
8-2 Thermodynamic Properties of the Titanium-Hydrogen System 378
8-3 Physical and Mechanical Properties of Titanium-Hydrogen Alloys 380
8-4 Titanium-Base Alloy-Hydrogen Systems 388
References 395
Chapter 9. The Rare-Earth Hydrides 397
9-1 General Characteristics of the Rare-Earth Hydrides 399
9-2 Specific Hydrides and Deutendes 406
References 451
Chapter 10. Yttrium and Scandium Hydrides 454
10-1 Yttrium Hydride 454
10-2 Phase Relations in the Yttrium-Hydrogen System 456
10-3 Microstructure of Hydrided Yttrium 458
10-4 Properties of Yttrium Hydrides 463
10-5 Scandium Hydride 493
10-6 The Scandium-Yttrium-Hydrogen System 497
References 501
Chapter 11. The Actinide Hydrides 503
11-1 Preparation and Kinetics of Formation of the Hydrides 504
11-2 Phase Relations 508
11-3 Crystal Structures 515
11-4 Thermodynamic Properties 519
11-5 Electrical and Magnetic Properties 528
11-6 Metallography and Mechanical Properties 532
11-7 Other Information on Actinide-Hydrogen Systems 536
11-8 Three-Component Systems 544
References 553
Chapter 12. The Covalent Hydrides and Hydrides of the Groups V to VIII Transition Metals 558
12-1 Group IB—Copper, Silver, and Gold 559
12-2 Group II—Beryllium, Magnesium, Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury 563
12-3 Group III—Boron, Aluminum, Gallium, Indium, and Thallium 570
12-4 Silicon, Germanium, Tin, and Lead 598
12-5 Group V Transition-Metal Hydrides—Niobium, Vanadium, and Tantalum 605
12-6 Groups VI and VII—Chromium, Molybdenum, Tungsten, Manganese, Technetium, and Rhenium 634
12-7 Group VIII Metals—Iron, Cobalt, Nickel, Ruthenium, Rhodium, Palladium, Osmium, Iridium, and Platinum 640
References 665
Chapter 13. Fabrication of Hydrides 688
13-1 Preparation of the Hydride 689
13-2 Fabrication of Powdered Hydrides 699
13-3 Machining and Grinding 718
13-4 Cladding and Canning 722
References 757
Author Index 762
Subject Index 782