Theoretical and Applied Rheology (eBook)

Vol 1 1
Front Cover 1
Theoretical and Applied Rheology 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 18
PREFACE 8
INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON RHEOLOGY 10
INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON RHEOLOGY 14
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2 27
PART I: PLENARY PAPERS 38
CHAPTER 1. ROLE OF MOLECULAR MODELING IN POLYMER RHEOLOGY 40
1. INTRODUCTION 40
2. LINEARITY VS. NONLINEARITY 40
3. MOLECULAR MODELING 42
4. CONCLUDING REMARKS 45
REFERENCES 45
CHAPTER 2. RHEOLOGY, STRUCTURE, BOUNDARY CONDITIONS AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS 46
SUMMARY 47
REFERENCES 47
CHAPTER 3. RHEOLOGY AND COMPUTATION 49
1. BACKGROUND 49
2. RHEOLOGY 49
3. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS 50
4. COMPUTATIONAL SCHEMES 51
5. SUMMARY 52
REFERENCES 52
CHAPTER 4. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN RHEOMETRY 53
SUMMARY 53
1. INTRODUCTION 53
2. A SURPRISE - INSTABILITIES IN ROTATIONAL SHEAR FLOWS 54
3. A DISAPPOINTMENT - MEASUREMENT OF EXTENSIONAL VISCOSITY 55
4. A DISCOVERY - THERE IS A QUALITATIVE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE BEHAVIOUR OF POLYMERIC AND COLLOIDAL SYSTEMS 58
5. A CONTROVERSY - THE YIELD STRESS MYTH? 59
6. CONCLUSIONS 59
REFERENCES 59
PART II: KEYNOTE PAPERS 62
CHAPTER 5. Measurement of Velocity and Stress Fields in Complex Polymer Flows 64
1. INTRODUCTION 64
2. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS 64
3. BEHAVIOR NEAR SINGULARITIES 65
4. ELONGATIONAL PROPERTIES 67
REFERENCES 68
CHAPTER 6. VISCOELASTIC FLOW INSTABILITIES: INCEPTION AND NON-LINEAR EVOLUTION 70
1. INTRODUCTION 70
2. PROBLEM FORMULATION 71
3. LINEAR STABILITY ANALYSIS 71
4. BIFURCATION IN THE PRESENCE OF SYMMETRIES 72
5. NONLINEAR ANALYSIS 73
6. TIME-DEPENDENT FLOW SIMULATIONS 73
7. CONCLUSIONS 75
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 75
REFERENCES 75
CHAPTER 7. THE SHEAR STRESS TRANSDUCER: RHEOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 76
1. INTRODUCTION 76
2. THE SHEAR STRESS TRANSDUCER 77
3. SLIDING PLATE RHEOMETERS 78
4. AN IN…LINE PROCESS RHEOMETER 80
REFERENCES 81
CHAPTER 8. SURFACE-INDUCED EFFECTS IN POLYMER MELT FLOW 82
1. INTRODUCTION 82
2. EXPERIMENTAL BACKGROUND 83
3. THEORY 83
4. SIMULATION 85
5. SPECTROSCOPY 85
6. ACKNOWLEDGMENT 85
REFERENCES 85
CHAPTER 9. RHEOLOGY OF A SYSTEM WITH MESOSCOPIC DOMAIN STRUCTURE 87
1. INTRODUCTION 87
2. CONCENTRATED MIXTURE OF IMMISCIBLE FLUIDS 87
3. LIQUID CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS 89
4. CONCLUDING REMARKS 91
REFERENCES 91
CHAPTER 10. OPTICAL RHEOMETRY 92
1.0 INTRODUCTION 92
2.0 INTERACTION OF LIGHT WITH COMPLEX LIQUIDS 92
3.0 APPLICATIONS 93
References 96
CHAPTER 11. COMPETITION BETWEEN INERTIAL PRESSURES AND NORMAL STRESSES IN THE FLOW INDUCED ANISOTROPY OF SOLID PARTICLES 97
1. INTRODUCTION 97
2. OBSERVATIONS ABOUT THE TILT ANGLE OF SEDIMENTING CYLINDERS 97
3. TURNING COUPLES ON ROLLING SPHERES 98
4. FLOW INDUCED ANISOTROPY OF SPHERICAL PARTICLES 98
5. SOME THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS 100
6. CONCLUSIONS 101
REFERENCES 101
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 101
CHAPTER 12. TEXTURE OF A LIQUID CRYSTALLINE POLYMER DURING SHEAR 102
1. INTRODUCTION 102
2. TEXTURE OBSERVATIONS 103
8. DISCUSSION 104
REFERENCES 106
CHAPTER 13. THE INFLUENCE OF INTERFACE AND VOLUME PROPERTIES OF POLYMER MELTS ON THEIR DIE FLOW STABILITY 107
1. INTRODUCTION 107
2. SHARKSKIN EFFECT 107
3 . MELT FRACTURE 109
4. DISCUSSION 110
5 . CONCLUSION 110
REFERENCES 111
PART III: CONTRIBUTED PAPERS MOLECULAR THEORIES 112
CHAPTER 14. CAN MOLECULAR THEORY PREDICT POLYMER CHAIN DYNAMICS? 114
1. INTRODUCTION 114
2. EXPANSION FACTORS 115
3. MOLECULAR WEIGHT DEPENDENCE OF THE INTRINSIC VISCOSITY 115
4. FREQUENCY DEPENDENCE OF FLOW BIREFRINGENCE 115
5. SHEAR RATE DEPENDENCE OF THE INTRINSIC VISCOSITY 116
6. CONCLUSION 116
REFERENCES 116
CHAPTER 15. MOLECULAR INTERPRETATION OF POLYMER MELT RHEOLOGY 117
1. INTRODUCTION 117
2. SHEAR BEHAVIOUR 117
3. COMPRESSION BEHAVIOUR 117
4. EXTENSIONAL BEHAVIOUR 117
5. SURFACE BEHAVIOUR 118
REFERENCES 118
CHAPTER 16. MOLECULAR MODEL OF POLYMER MELTS : EFFECTS OF CHAIN DEFORMATION ON NON-LINEAR PROPERTIES 120
1) INTRODUCTION 120
2) M O D E L 120
REFERENCES 121
CHAPTER 17. BROWNIAN DYNAMICS STUDY OF CONFORMATIONAL- AND RHEOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF A "REAL" KRAMERS CHAIN UNDER VARIOUS FLOW CONDITIONS 122
1. INTRODUCTION 122
2. MODEL AND ALGORITHM 123
REFERENCES 124
CHAPTER 18. SHEAR FLOW PREDICTIONS OF A HOOKEAN DUMBBELL WITH INTERNAL VISCOSITY USING A GAUSSIAN APPROXIMATION 125
REFERENCES 125
PART IV: CONTRIBUTED PAPERS CONSTITUTIVE EQUATIONS 126
CHAPTER 19. RHEOLOGICAL CONSTITUTIVE EQUATIONS WITH FRACTIONAL DERIVATIVES: MATERIAL FUNCTIONS IN THE TIME AND FREQUENCY DOMAINS 128
1. INTRODUCTION 128
2. EQUATIONS AND MATERIAL FUNCTIONS 128
3. DISCUSSION 129
4. MODEL IMPROVEMENT 130
5. REFERENCES 130
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 130
CHAPTER 20. APPLICATION OF A WAGNER MODEL FOR THE INTERCONVERSION BETWEEN LINEAR AND NONLINEAR VISCOELASTIC MATERIAL FUNCTIONS 131
1. INTRODUCTION 131
2. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 131
3. 
132 
4. CONCLUSIONS 133
REFERENCES 133
CHAPTER 21. ON THERMODYNAMICS AND STABILITY OF GENERAL MAXWELL-LIKE VISCOELASTIC CONSTITUTIVE EQUATIONS 134
1. INTRODUCTION 134
2. THERMODYNAMIC DERIVATION OF GENERALMAXVEL-LIKE CEs 134
3. STABILITY OF THE MAXWELL-LIKE CEs 135
REFERENCES 136
Chapter 22. The Effect of Segmental Stretch on Theoretical Predictions of the Doi-Edwards Model 137
INTRODUCTION 137
Summary 139
References 139
Chapter 23. Evaluation of an Upper Convected Maxwell Model for Melts in Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear 140
INTRODUCTION 140
ANALYSIS 140
THE MODEL 140
RESULTS 141
CONCLUSION 141
REFERENCES 141
CHAPTER 24. RECOVERABLE STRAIN IN THEORY 143
1. INTRODUCTION 143
2. THEORETICAL PREDICTIONS 143
3. DISCUSSION 145
REFERENCES 145
Chapter 25. Nonlinear Strain Measures for Extensional and Shearing Flows of Polymer Melts 146
1· INTRODUCTION 146
2. EXPERIMENTAL 147
3. CONSTITUTIVE DATA ANALYSIS 148
4. CONCLUSIONS 148
REFERENCES 148
CHAPTER 26. STRESS-STRAIN RELATIONS FOR VISCOELASTIC LIQUIDS 149
1. INTRODUCTION 149
2. MEASUREMENTS OF POLYMER SOLUTIONS 149
3. THE TRUNCATION MODEL 150
4. CONCLUSIONS 151
REFERENCES 151
CHAPTER 27. UTILIZATION OF STRESS GROWTH EXPERIMENTS TO DETERMINESTRAIN-DEPENDENT MATERIAL FUNCTIONS 152
INTRODUCTION 152
THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENT 152
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 153
CONCLUSIONS 154
REFERENCES 154
CHAPTER 28. MODELLING NONLINEAR VISCOELASTICITY OF POLYMER MELTS BY CHAIN SLIP AND DISENTANGLEMENT 155
1. INTRODUCTION 155
2. TEMPORARY SLIP-LINK NETWORKS 156
3. THE MOLECULAR STRESS FUNCTION AND THE DIAMETER OF THE TUBE 156
REFERENCES 157
CHAPTER 29. RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF POLYMERS AND A NONLINEAR VISCOELASTIC CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONSHIP 158
1. INTRODUCTION 158
2. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY 158
3. A GENERALIZED STRAIN MEASURE 158
4. CONSTITUTIVE FORMULATION 159
REFERENCES 160
CHAPTER 30. THE RECOIL OF RIGID PVC 161
1. INTRODUCTION 161
2. CONSTITUTIVE EQUATIONS 161
3. EXPERIMENTAL 161
4. RESULTS 162
REFERENCES 163
CHAPTER 31. DETERMINATION OF THE VISCOELASTIC CONSTITUTVE DIFFERENTIAL OPERATOR LAW IN TERMS OF THE RELAXATION AND RETARDATION TIMES 164
REFERENCE 164
CHAPTER 32. CONSTITUTIVE EQUATION BASED ON "SUB…CLUSTER THEORY" LiHANGQUAN, JIN RIGUANG 165
1. INTRODUCTION 165
2. DERIVATION OF EQUATION 165
3. DISCUSSION 165
REFERENCES 165
CHAPTER 33. RHEOLOGICAL RELATIONS OF THERMOVISCOELASTICITY 166
CHAPTER 34. RHEOLOGICAL CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONS FOR ASPHALTS 167
1. INTRODUCTION 167
2. APPARATUS AND TEST PROCEDURE 167
3. TOEORETICAL INTERPRETATION 167
REFERENCE 167
CHAPTER 35. CONSTITUTIVE EQUATION FOR THE INK OF BALL…POINT PEN AND PRINTING 168
1. INTRODUCTION 168
2. DEVEROPMENT OF THE CONSTITUTIVE EQUATION 168
3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 168
REFERENCE 168
PART V: CONTRIBUTED PAPERS THEORY 170
CHAPTER 36. FRACTAL DYNAMIC THEORY OF VISCOELASTIC RELAXATION IN LINEAR, BRANCHED AND CROSSUNKED GLASSY POLYMERS 172
1. INTRODUCTION 172
2. THEORY 172
3. DISCUSSIONS 173
REFERENCES 174
CHAPTER 37. THE POTENTIAL VORTEX AS A PROTOTYPE FOR PREDICTIONS OF POLYMER BEHAVIOR IN UNSTEADY AND TURBULENT FLOWS 175
1. INTRODUCTION 175
2. KINEMATICS 175
3. DYNAMICS FOR SELECTEDCONSTITUTIVE MODELS 176
4. CONCLUSIONS 177
5. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 177
REFERENCES 177
CHAPTER 38. NEW THEORETICAL ESTIMATES FOR REYNOLDS DILATANCY IN GRANULAR MATERIALS 178
1 ABSTRACT 178
2 EXTENDED ABSTRACT 178
3 REFERENCES 179
CHAPTER 39. SOME COMMENTS ON FRACTAL DIMENSION, FLUX AND STRESS TENSOR IN CONTINUUM MECHANICS 180
1. INTRODUCTION 180
2. LENGTH OF A CURVE 180
3. DIMENSION OF A CURVE 180
4. UNIT TANGENT AND NORMAL 181
5. DIVERGENCE THEOREM 181
6. STRESS TENSOR 182
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 182
REFERENCES 182
CHAPTER 40. SECONDARY FLOWS OF NON NEWTONIAN FLUIDS IN RECTILINEAR PIPES 183
1. INTRODUCTION 183
2. EQUATIONS OF MOTION 183
3. THE CASE OF ELLIPTICAL CROSSSECTION 184
4. DISCUSSION 185
REFERENCES 185
CHAPTER 41. THE MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF RELAXATION PHENOMENA IN GAS-LIQUIDS YSTEMS 186
REFERENCES 186
CHAPTER 42. THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF VISCOELASTIC FLUID FLOW IN TUBE 187
1. INTRODUCTION 187
2. ALGORITHM OF SOLUTION 187
3. RESULTS 187
CHAPTER 43. DETERMINATION OF RELAXATION TIME SPECTRA: DIFFERENT METHODS COMPARED 188
1. INTRODUCTION 188
2. METHOD 188
3. 
188 
CHAPTER 44. PROPAGATION, REFLECTION AND REFRACTION OF ELASTIC WAVES IN POROUS MEDIA 189
CHAPTER 45. GENERALIZED CREEP-RELAXATION FUNCTIONS IN LINEAR VISCOELASTICITY 190
REFERENCES 190
CHAPTER 46. ON THE CRITERIA OF STABILITY FOR RHEOLOGIC BEHAVIOR OF NONLINEAR VISCOELASTIC MATERIALS 191
1. INTRODUCTION 191
2. CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONS 191
3. STABILITY OF STCESS RELAXATION PROCESS 191
4. STABILITY OF CREEP PROCESS 191
5. IN SUMMARY 191
REFERENCES 191
CHAPTER 47. ON THE CALCULATION OF DISCRETE RETARDATION AND RELAXATION SPECTRA 192
REFERENCES 192
CHAPTER 48. GAUGE MODEL OF HYDRODYNAMICS OF MULTIPHASE VISCO-ELASTIC FLUIDS 193
1. INTRODUCTION 193
2. SU(2,2) MODEL 193
3. VISCO-ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF SU(2,2)FIELDS 193
REFERENCES 193
CHAPTER 49. ON THE DAMPING FUNCTION OF SHEAR RELAXATION MODULUS FOR POLYMERIC LIQUIDS 194
REFERENCES 194
CHAPTER 50. VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLE FOR LINEAR VISCOELASTICITY, AND APPLICATION TO FAXEN'S THEOREM 195
CHAPTER 51. A NEW EQUATION FOR ACTUAL FLOW CURVES OF POLYMERIC FLUIDS JIN RIGUANG, LI HANGQUAN, LUO XIN 196
1. INTRODUCTION 196
2. EQUATION DERIVATION 196
3. DISCUSSION 196
REFERENCES 196
CHAPTER 52. FUNCTIONAL RELATIONS IN ASYMMETRICAL RHEOLOGY 197
CHAPTER 53. THE GENERALIZATION OF EQUATIONS OF STATE IN VOLUME RHEOLOGY 198
1. INTRODUCTION 198
2. PROBLEM FORMULATION IN THE THEORY OF VISCOELASTICITY 198
3. METHODS OF PROBLEM SOLVING 198
4. CONCLUSIONS 198
REFERENCES 198
PART VI: CONTRIBUTED PAPERS FLUID MECHANICS 200
CHAPTER 54. ABOUT THE INFLUENCE OF FLUID INERTIA IN UNSTEADY COUETTE FLOW 202
1. INTRODUCTION 202
2. LINEAR VISCOELASTICITY 202
3. THE FLOW FIELD 202
4. THE SHEAR STRESS AT THE LOWER PLATE 203
5. 
204 
SYMBOLS 204
REFERENCES 204
CHAPTER 55. The Movement of Vortex Rings in Newtonian and Viscoelastic Fluids 205
1. INTRODUCTION 205
2. EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP 205
3. RESULTS 205
4. REFERENCES 207
CHAPTER 56. MODELLING OF PULLOUT IN SOLUTION SPINNING ANALOGY WITH THE VORTEX SIZE IN CONTRACTION FLOWS
1. INTRODUCTION 208
2. PULLOUT 208
3. VORTEX SIZE IN CONTRACTION FLOW 209
4. CONCLUSIONS 210
REFERENCES 210
CHAPTER 57. RETENTION OF COLLOIDS IN POROUS MEDIA FLOWS 211
1. RETENTIONS IN BULK FLOWS 211
2. RETENTION AT INTERFACES 212
3. RETENTIONS IN PORE CONSTRICTIONS 212
Conclusion 213
References 213
CHAPTER 58. NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID FLOW THROUGH POROUS MEDIA 214
1. INTRODUCTION 214
2. EXPERIMENTAL 214
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 214
4. CONCLUSIONS 215
REFERENCES 215
CHAPTER 59. STABILITY OF RECTILINEAL FLOW OF VISCOELASTIC FLUIDS 217
1. INTRODUCTION 217

3. TRANSFORMED HYPERBOLIC SYSTEM 218
4. SYMMETRIC FORM 218
REFERENCES 219
CHAPTER 60. STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF HETEROGENEOUS DRAG REDUCTION 220
1. INTRODUCTION 220
2. EXPERIMENTAL ARRANGEMENT 221
3. RESULTS 221
REFERENCES 222
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 222
CHAPTER 61. A MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF UNSTABLE VISCOUS FINGERING 223
1. INTRODUCTION 223
2. DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW MODEL MGGM 223
3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 224
REFERENCES 224
CHAPTER 62. Overstability of Viscoelastic Fluid Heated from Below 226
INTRODUCTION 226
EXPERIMENT 226
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 227
CONCLUDING REMARKS 228
REFERENCES 228
CHAPTER 63. THE INFLUENCE OF A DRAG REDUCING SURFACTANT ON THE COHERENT MOTIONS IN ROUGH AND SMOOTH WALL TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYERS 229
1. ABSTRACT 229
2. INTRODUCTION 229
3. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND PROCEDURE 229
4. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 230
5. CONCLUSIONS 231
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 231
7. REFERENCES 231
CHAPTER 64. FLOW OF YIELD STRESS FLUIDS THROUGH A SUDDEN CHANGE OF SECTION 232
1. INTRODUCTION 232
2. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS 232
3. TEST FLUIDS 232
4. THEORY 232
5. CIRCULAR EXPANSION 233
6. CIRCULAR CONTRACTION 234
7. CONCLUSIONS 234
REFERENCES 234
CHAPTER 65. A Viscoelastic Flow Instability in the Wake of a Confined Circular Cylinder 235
1. INTRODUCTION 235
2. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS 235
3. RESULTS 236
4. CONCLUSIONS 237
REFERENCES 237
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 237
CHAPTER 66. DIRECT SECOND KIND BOUNDARY INTEGRAL FORMULATION FOR STOKES FLOW PROBLEMS 238
1. INTRODUCTION 238
2. THE TBIE 238
3. NUMERICAL EXAMPLES 239
REFERENCES 240
CHAPTER 67. LEVELING OF THIN LIQUID FILMS 241
1. INTRODUCTION 241
2. GOVERNING EQUATIONS 241
3. THE FREE BOUNDARY CONDITION 241
REFERENCES 243
CHAPTER 68. COMPLETED DOUBLE-LAYER BOUNDARY INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD: A NUMERICAL IMPLEMENTATION AND SOME EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 244
Abstract 244
1. INTRODUCTION 244
2. BACKGROUND 244
3. IMPLEMENTATION 245
5. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 245
4. EXPERIMENTS 245
Acknowledgements 245
REFERENCES 245
CHAPTER 69. ON THE MOTION OF SPHERICAL PARTICLES ALONG THE WALL IN THE SHEAR FLOW OF NEWTONIAN AND NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID 247
1. INTRODUCTION 247
2. METHOD 247
3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS FOR NEWTONIAN FLUIDS 248
4. DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS OF EXPERIMENT 249
5. THE MOTION OF SPHERICAL PARTICLES IN NON-NEWTONIAN POWER-LAW FLUID 249
REFERENCES 249
CHAPTER 70. MODIFICATION OF INERTIAL FILM INSTABILITY BY VISCOELASTICITY 250
1. INTRODUCTION 250
2. GOVERNING EQUATIONS 250
3. NUMERICAL METHOD 251
4. RESULTS 251
5. SUMMARY 252
REFERENCES 252
CHAPTER 71. TIME-DEPENDENT FLOW OF UPPER…CONVECTED JEFFREY FLUID BETWEEN TWO ROTATING CYLINDERS 253
INTRODUCTION 253
GOVERNING EQUATUINS 253
APPROACH 254
SOLUTION 254
CONCLUSIONS 254
Reference 255
CHAPTER 72. Flow of viscoplastic fluids in eccentric annular geometries 256
1 Introduction 256
2 Definition of model and geometry 256
3 Results 257
References 258
CHAPTER 73. Transmission Behavior of Deformation of Viscoelastic Fluid Jet 259
1. INTRODUCTION 259
2. EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS 259
3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 260
4. CONCLUSIONS 261
REFERENCES 261
CHAPTER 74. DRAG REDUCTION BY THE POLYMER INJECTION INTO A PIPE FLOW 262
1. INTRODUCTION 262
2. EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS AND PROCEDURE 262
3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 263
4. CONCLUDING REMARKS 264
REFERENCES 264
CHAPTER 75. FLOWS WITH DOMINATING EXTENSION AS APPLIED TO VISCOELASTIC FLUIDS 265
1. INTRODUCTION 265
2. GOVERNING EQUATIONS 265
3. CERTAIN RESULTS 266
REFERENCES 266
CHAPTER 76. THE THERMOCONVECTIVE INSTABILITY IN HYDRODYNAMICS OF RELAXATIONAL LIQUIDS 267
REFERENCES 267
CHAPTER 77. THE SHEAR INSTABILITY IN TWO-LAYER VISCO-ELASTIC LIQUIDS 268
REFERENCES 268
CHAPTER 78. NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF VISCOELASTIC FLOW IN CAVITI 269
1. COMPUTATIONAL STUDY 269
2. EXTERIMENTAL STUDY 269
CHAPTER 79. FLOW OF GENERALIZED NEWTONIAN LIQUIDS THROUGH FIXED BEDS OF PARTICLES 270
1. PRESSURE DROP RELATIONSHIP 270
2. EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS 270
REFERENCES 270
CHAPTER 80. COMBINED LOW FREQUENCY & LOW SHEAR RATE ASYMPTOTICS
REFERENCES 271
CHAPTER 81. FLOW OF A VISCOELASTIC FLUID IN A CYLINDRICAL TUBE OF SLOWLY VARYING CROSS-SECTION 272
1. INTRODUCTION 272
2. MATHEMATCAL FORMULATION 272
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 272
REFERENCES 272
HELICAL FLOW OF POWER-LAW FLUIDS IN CONCENTRIC ANNULI WITH A ROTATING INNER CYLINDER 273
REFERENCES 273
CHAPTER 82. UNSTEADY POWER FLOW OF THE PLASTIC VISCOELASTIC FLUIDS IN LONG CANALS 274
1. INTRODUCTION 274
2. A HYDRODYNAMIC MODEL 274
3. CONCLUSIONS 274
REFERENCES 274
CHAPTER 83. SHEAR FLOWS OF GEOMATERIALS WITH COMPLEX RHEOLOGY : NON…STATIONARITY AND STABILITY 275
REFERENCES 275
CHAPTER 84. RHEOLOGY IN SELF-PROPAGATING HIGH-TEMPERATURE SYNTHESIS 276
CHAPTER 85. BOUNDARY LAYER FLOWS OF INELASTIC NON-POWER-LAW FLUIDS 277
REFERENCES 277
CHAPTER 86. AN EXPERIMENTAL/THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION OF INTERFACIAL STABILITY IN MULTILAYER COEXTRUSION PROCESSES 278
1. INTRODUCTION 278
2. METHODS 278
3. CONCLUSIONS 278
REFERENCES 278
CHAPTER 87. SQUEEZING FLOW OF A BINGHAM PLASTIC 279
REFERENCE 279
CHAPTER 88. MBRATION OF A SPHERE IN A YIELD STRESS FLUID 280
1 Introduction 280
2 Model 280
3 Experiment 280
4 References 280
CHAPTER 89. A Closed Form Analytical Solution in Polar Coordinate for the Hydrodynamic Pressure in a Stepped Bore Unit for Polymer Coating of Wires 281
1. INTRODUCTION 281
2. ANALYSES 281
3. RESULTS 281
REFERENCES 281
PART VII: CONTRIBUTED PAPERS NUMERICAL SIMULATION 282
CHAPTER 90. COMPARISON OF NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF POLYMER FLOW WITH EXPERIMENTAL DATA 284
1. INTRODUCTION 284
2. PREDICTION OF ELONGATIONAL STRESS GROWTH VISCOSITY 284
3. PREDICTION OF EXIT PRESSURE 285
4. CONCLUSION 286
REFERENCES 286
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 286
CHAPTER 91. SOME TRANSIENT STUDIES OF NON-NEWTONIAN NON-ISOTHERMAL FLOWS IN TWO AND THREE DIMENSIONS 287
1. INTRODUCTION 287
2. MATHEMATICAL MODEL 287
3. THE SOLUTION ALGORITHM 287
4. THE GLASS FLOW PROBLEM 288
5. THE EXPANSION FLOW PROBLEM 288
6. CONCLUSIONS 289
7. REFERENCES 289
CHAPTER 92. NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF SOME FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR THE APPROXIMATION OF DIFFERENTIAL MODEL FOR VISCOELASTIC FLOW 290
1. INTRODUCTION 290
2. CONSTITUTIVE LAWS OF DIFFERENTIAL TYPE 290
3. FE APPROXIMATION 291
REFERENCES 292
CHAPTER 93. NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE STABILITY OF VISCOELASTIC FLOWS 293
1. INTRODUCTION 293
2. FINITE ELEMENT FORMULATION 293
3. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS 293
4. FLOW THROUGH A CONTRACTION 294
5. CONCLUSIONS 295
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 295
REFERENCES 295
CHAPTER 94. ON THE APPLICATION OF A MULTIMODE DIFFERENTIAL MODEL 296
1. INTRODUCTION 296
2. GOVERNING EQUATIONS 296
3. SOLUTION METHOD 297
4. RESULTS 297
5. CONCLUSIONS 298
REFERENCES 298
CHAPTER 95. TRANSIENT VISCOELASTIC FLOW CALCULATIONS FOR HIGHLY ELASTIC FLUIDS 299
1. INTRODUCTION 299
2. MATHEMATICAL EQUATIONS 299
3. DISCUSSION 300
4. CONCLUSIONS 301
REFERENCES 301
CHAPTER 96. INITIAL CONDITIONS FOR MULTIMODE FLUIDS 302
REFERENCES 303
CHAPTER 97. THE MAIN FLOW OF A MEMORY INTEGRAL FLUID IN AN AXISYMMETRIC CONTRACTION AT HIGH WEISSENBERG NUMBERS 305
1.INTRODUCTION 305
2. BASIC EQUATIONS 306
3. GOVERNING EQUATIONS 306
4. APPROXIMATION OF UNKNOWNS -COMPUTATIONAL PROCEDURE 307
5. NUMERICAL RESULTS 307
REFERENCES 307
CHAPTER 98. NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE WEISSENBERG EFFECTOF A GIESEKUS FLUID 308
1. INTRODUCTION 308
2. EQUATIONS AND DISCRETIZATION 308
3. RESULTS 309
4. CONCLUSIONS 310
REFERENCES 310
CHAPTER 99. PARALLEL ALGORITHMS IN COMPUTATIONAL RHEOLOGY 311
1. INTRODUCTION 311
2. PARALLEL FRONTAL SOLVE 311
3. INTEGRAL VISCOELASTIC MODELS 313
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 313
REFERENCES 313
CHAPTER 100. NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL EXTRUDATE SWELL OF SEMICONCENTRATED FIBER SUSPENSIONS 314
1. INTRODUCTION 314
2. MATHEMATICAL MODELING 314
3. NUMERICAL METHODS 315
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 315
5. CONCLUSIONS 315
REFERENCES 315
CHAPTER 101. NUMERICAL PREDICTION OF THE FLOW OF CHEMICALLY-REACTIVE POLYMERIC FLUIDS 317
1. INTRODUCTION 317
2. THEORY AND NUMERICAL TECHNIQUE 317
3. TYPICAL SIMULATION RESULTS 318
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 319
REFERENCES 319
CHAPTER 102. THREE-DIMENSIONAL EXTRUSION :AN IMPLICIT FORMULATION FOR GENERALIZED NEWTONIAN FLUIDS 320
1. INTRODUCTION 320
2. DIRECT AND INVERSE PROBLEMS 320
3. SURFACE TENSION 321
3. RESULTS 321
4. CONCLUSIONS 322
REFERENCES 322
CHAPTER 103. "SMART" POLYMERS IN FINITE-ELEMENT CALCULATIONS 323
1. INTRODUCTION 323
2. MODEL AND PROBLEM 323
4. RESULTS 324
5. DISCUSSION 324
REFERENCES 325
CHAPTER 104. HIGHER ORDER FINITE ELEMENTS FOR FLOW OF VISCOELASTIC FLUIDS 326
1. INTRODUCTION 326
2. PROBLEM FORMULATION 326
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 326
4. CONCLUSION 327
5. REFERENCES 327
6. FIGURES 328
CHAPTER 105. NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF HIGH CONCENTRATION SUSPENSION FLOW WITH FREE SURFACE 329
1. INTRODUCTION 329
2. RHEOLOGY OF ESTUARINE MUD 329
3. FORCED MUD FLOW 329
4 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 330
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 331
REFERENCES 331
CHAPTER 106. FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION OF THE ROTATING FLOW OF A VISCOELASTIC FLUID 332
1. INTRODUCTION 332
2. METHOD 332
3. RESULTS 332
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 332
REFERENCES 332
CHAPTER 107. NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE FLOW OF FLUIDS WITH TIME DEPENDENT VISCOSITY 333
CHAPTER 108. Improved Bingham-body Computations in 3-D 334
Summary 334
References 334
CHAPTER 109. TIME-DEPENDENT FLOW OF FLUIDS OF INTEGRAL TYPE 335
REFERENCES 335
CHAPTER 110. NUMERICAL CALCULATION OF FLOW OF A BINGHAM FLUID ON A ROTATING DISK 336
REFERENCES 336
CHAPTER 111. NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TWO… AND THREE…DIMENSIONAL FLOWS BY THE STREAM…TUBE ANALYSIS 337
1.INTRODUCTION 337
2. APPLICATIONS 337
3. RESULTS 337
REFERENCES 337
CHAPTER 112 . SIMULATION OF FIBRE SUSPENSION FLOW 338
1. INTRODUCTION 338
2. GOVERNING EQUATIONS 338
3. NUMERICAL TECHNIQUE 338
4. NUMERICAL RESULTS 338
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 338
CHAPTER 113 .THE SIMULTANEOUS USE OF 4x4 AND 2x2 BILINEAR STRESS ELEMENTS FOR VISCOELASTIC FLOWS 339
1. INTRODUCTION 339
2. FINITE ELEMENT METHODS 339
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 339
REFERENCES 339
CHAPTER 114 .A THEORETICAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY OF NON-FOURIER EFFECTS IN VISCOMETRIC AND EXTENSIONAL FLOWS OF AN INCOMPRESSIBLE SIMPLE FLUID 340
SUMMARY OF RESULTS 340
REFERENCES 340
CHAPTER 115. SEDIMENTING SPHERES IN SQUARE AND CIRCULAR CONDUITS:EXPERIMENTS AND NUMERICAL PREDICTIONS 341
SUMMARY 341
Acknowledgements 341
REFERENCE 341
CHAPTER 116. A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN THE DISCRETIZED FINITE-ELEMENT AND CONTINUUM APPROACHES FOR INFLATION PROBLEMS 342
CHAPTER 117. NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF A VISCOELASTIC FLUID FLOW PAST AN ELLIPTIC CYLINDER 343
1. INTRODUCTION 343
2. NUMERICAL METHODS 343
3. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION 343
REFERENCE 343
CHAPTER 118. Boundary Element Modeling of Three-Dimensional Multiparticle Composites 344
References 344
CHAPTER 119. NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF STEADY CONTRACTION FLOW OF VISCOELASTIC LIQUIDS 345
1. INTRODUCTION 345
2. METHODS 345
3. RESULTS 345
CHAPTER 120. Numerical Solutions for Viscoelastic Fluid Flow without Decomposition of Extra-Stresses 346
1 Introduction 346
2 Method 346
3 Numerical Results 346
4 Conclusion 346
CHAPTER 121. LEGENDRE SPECTRAL ELEMENTS FOR NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID FLOWS 347
REFERENCES 347
CHAPTER 122. A BOUNDARY ELEMENT/PARTICULAR SOLUTION APPROACH FOR NON-NEWTONIAN FLOW PROBLEMS 348
1. INTRODUCTION 348
2. FORMULATION 348
3. EXAMPLE 348
REFERENCES 348
PART VIII: CONTRIBUTED PAPERS MELTS AND POLYMER PROCESSING 350
CHAPTER 123. Linear Rheology of Copolymer Modified Blends: Experiments and Predictions of Emulsion Models 352
1. INTRODUCTION 352
2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 352
3. CONCLUSIONS 354
REFERENCES 354
CHAPTER 124. NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF MIXING 355
1. INTRODUCTION 355
2. STRETCHING AND EFFICIENCY OF MIXING 355
3. NUMERICAL METHOD 355
4. COMPARISON BETWEEN A SINGLE CAM AND ACOROTATTNG CAM MIXER 356
5. CONCLUSION 357
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 357
REFERENCES 357
CHAPTER 125. LINEAR VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES OF A MISCIBLE POLYMER BLEND SYSTEM 358
1. INTRODUCTION 358
2. EXPERIMENTAL 358
3. THEORY 359
REFERENCES 360
CHAPTER 126. RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES IN THE MELT AND MORPHOLOGY OF IMPACT PMMA 361
1. INTRODUCTION 361
2. EMULSION MODEL 361
3. COMPARISON WITH DATA ON PS/PMMA BLEND 361
4. COMPARISON WITH DATA ON IMPACT PMMA 362
5. INFLUENCE OF PARTICLE AGGREGATION 362
6. CAPILLARY FLOW MEASUREMENTS 363
7. CONCLUSION 363
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 363
REFERENCES 363
CHAPTER 127. CHEMORHEOLOGY OF THERMOSETS USED FOR THE ENCAPSULATION OF MICROELECTRONIC DEVICES 364
1. INTRODUCTION 364
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 364
3. RESULTS 364
4. CONCLUSION 365
REFERENCES 365
CHAPTER 128. EXTRUDATE SWELL OF RIGID PVC COMPOUNDS 367
1. INTRODUCTION 367
2. EXPERIMENTAL 367
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 368
REFERENCES 369
CHAPTER 129. Two-Dimensional Deuteron Exchange NMR Studies of the Dynamics of Individual Species in Miscible Blends 370
1 Broad Glass Transition of Miscible Blends 370
2 Two-Dimensional Deuteron Exchange NMR 370
3 Experimental Work to date 370
4 References 371
5 Figures 371
CHAPTER 130. EXTRUSION OF ELASTOMERS IN PROFILE DIES:3-D COMPUTATIONS AND EXPERIMENTS 373
1. INTRODUCTION 373
2. RHEOLOGICAL STUDY 373
3. EXPERIMENTS 373
4. 3-D COMPUTATION 374
REFERENCES 375
CHAPTER 131. DYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF MODEL FILLED POLYMER MELTS IN THE LINEAR VISCOELASTIC REGION 376
1. INTRODUCTION 376
2. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 376
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 376
4. CONCLUSIONS 378
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 378
REFERENCES 378
CHAPTER 132. APPLICATION OF THE KINEMATIC THEORY OF MIXING TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF POLYMER BASED BLENDS 379
1. INTRODUCTION 379
2. DEFORMATION : A MEASURE OF MIXING CAPACITY 379
3. RESULTS 380
4. CONCLUSION 381
5. REFERENCES 381
CHAPTER 133. SWELL AND SAG DURING THE PARISON FORMATION STAGE OF THE BLOWMOULDING PROCESS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH WALL THICKNESSDISTRIBUTION IN THE FINAL OBJECT 382
INTRODUCTION 382
EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP 382
MATERIALS 382
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 383
CONCLUSIONS 383
Acknowledgements 383
REFERENCES 383
CHAPTER 134. EFFECT OF DISSOLVED CARBON DIOXIDE ON THE VISCOSITY OF LIQUID POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE (PDMS) 385
1. INTRODUCTION 385
2. THEORY 385
3. RESULTS 386
REFERENCES 387
CHAPTER 135. Simulating the Mixing of Polymer Blends Using the Boundary Element Method 388
INTRODUCTION 388
BOUNDARY INTEGRAL EQUATIONS 388
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 389
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 390
REFERENCES 390
CHAPTER 136. THE INTERDEPENDENCE BETWEEN MORPHOLOGY AND MELT RHEOLOGY OF POLYMER BLENDS IN ELONGATION AND SHEAR 391
1. INTRODUCTION 391
2. MATERIALS 391
3. ELONGATIONAL FLOW 391
4. SHEAR OSCILLATIONS 392
5. CONCLUSIONS 393
REFERENCES 393
CHAPTER 137. VISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOR OF FILLED AND UNFILLED SILICON OILS 394
1. Introduction 394
2. Experimental 394
3. Literature 396
CHAPTER 138. RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYETHYLENE FRACTIONS 397
1. INTRODUCTION 397
2. MATERIALS 397
3. EXPERIMENTAL 397
4. RESULTS 397
5. DISCUSSION 398
REFERENCES 399
CHAPTER 139. ELONGATIONAL FLOW AND POLYMER COMPOUND MIXING 400
1. INTRODUCTION 400
2. DISTRIBUTION EFFECT IN TWO DISCONTINUOUS SHEAR- AND ELONGATIONAL- MIXERS 400
3. ELONGATIONAL FLOW AT THE INLET OF DIES 401
4. ADAPTATION TO DECREASING VISCOSITY 402
5. DISPERSION IN CRITICAL DIE INLET FLOWS 402
6. CONCLUSIONS 402
7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 402
REFERENCES 402
CHAPTER 140. POLYMER DEVOLATILIZATION: HOW IMPORTANT IS RHEOLOGY? 403
REFERENCES 405
CHAPTER 141. MIXING OF IMMISCIBLE LIQUIDS 406
1. INTRODUCTION 406
2. THE OPPOSED JETS DEVICE 406
3. RESULTS ON DISTRIBUTIVE MIXING 407
4. RESULTS ON DISPERSIVE MIXING 408
5. NUMERICAL APPROACH 408
6. CONCLUSIONS 408
REFERENCES 408
CHAPTER 142. PREDICTING THE DYNAMICS OF EXTRUDATE SWELL FROM SHEAR VISCOSITY EXPERIMENTS 409
1. INTRODUCTION 409
2. THEORETICAL ASPECTS 409
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 410
REFERENCES 410
CHAPTER 143. MODELING OF THERMOFORMING AND BLOW MOLDING 411
1. INTRODUCTION 411
2. RUBBER ELASTICITY MODELING 411
3. VISCOELASTIC MODELING 412
4. REFERENCES 413
CHAPTER 144.THE DYNAMICS OF SHARKSKIN MELT FRACTURE: EFFECT OF DIE GEOMETRY 414
SUMMARY 414
1. INTRODUCTION 414
2. PROCEDURE 415
3. RESULTS 415
4. DISCUSSION 415
5. CONCLUSIONS 416
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 416
REFERENCES 416
CHAPTER 145. MELT FLOW INSTABILITY OF LINEAR POLYETHYLENES WITH VERY BROAD MOLECULAR WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION 417
1. INTRODUCTION 417
2. MATERIAL AND EXPERIMENTAL 417
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 417
4. CONCLUSIONS 418
REFERENCES 418
CHAPTER 146.NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON POLYMER MELT FLOW IN CONICAL DIES 420
1. INTRODUCTION 420
2. Modeling 420
3. Experimental 420
4. Results and discussion 420
REFERENCES 420
CHAPTER 147. EXTRUDATE SWELL IN POLYMER MELT FLOWS THROUGH SHORT AND LONG DIES 422
1. INTRODUCTION 422
2. MATHEMATICAL MODELING 422
3. RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND MODELING OF LLDPE MELT 422
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 423
5. CONCLUSIONS 424
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 424
REFERENCES 424
CHAPTER 148. A Model for the Filling of Cold Cavities with Solidifying Semi-Crystalline Polymers 425
Background 425
Results and Discussion 425
Concluding Remarks 426
Acknowledgement 426
References 426
CHAPTER 149. The Mechanics of Air-Gap Wet-Spinning of Fibers 428
1. INTRODUCTION 428
3. SPINNING EQUATIONS 429
2. CONSTITUTIVE EQUATIONS 429
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 430
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 430
REFERENCES 430
CHAPTER 150.THE EXPANSION OF THICK TUBES 431
1. INTRODUCTION 431
2. GOVERNING EQUATIONS AND K-BKZ 431
3. NUMERICAL SIMULATION TECHNIQUE 431
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 432
REFERENCES 432
CHAPTER 151. RHEOLOGICAL MOLECULAR WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION DETERMINATIONS OF ETHYLENE/TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE COPOLYMERS: IMPLICATIONS FOR LONGCHAIN BRANCHING 434
1. INTRODUCTION 434
2. METHODS 434
3. RESULTS 435
4. DISCUSSION 435
REFERENCES 435
CHAPTER 152. WALL SLIP AND INSTABILITIES IN THE FLOW OF EPDM COMPOUNDS 436
1. INTRODUCTION 436
2. MATERIAL AND METHODS 436
3. PRESSURE EVOLUTIONS 436
4. FLOW CURVES 437
5. DISCUSSION 437
6. CONCLUSION 438
REFERENCES 438
CHAPTER 153. Flow Induced Phase Transitions for Incompatible Blends 439
1.0 INTRODUCTION 439
2.0 EXPERIMENTAL 439
3.0 RESULTS 440
References 441
CHAPTER 154. FLOW-INDUCED ORDERING AND ANISOTROPY OF A TRIBLOCK COPOLYMER STYRENE BUTADIENE-STYRENE WITH CYLINDRICAL DOMAIN MORPHOLOGY 442
1. SUMMARY 442
2. INTRODUCTION 442
3. EXPERIMENTAL 442
4. RESULTS 444
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 444
REFERENCES 444
CHAPTER 155. 3D FLOW FIELD ANALYSIS OF A BANBURY MIXER 445
Introduction 445
Description of Method 445
Acknowledgement 447
References 447
CHAPTER 156. SOME APPROACHES OF CONSTRUCTION OF GENERALIZATION OF RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF POLYMER BLEND MELT VISCOSITY 448
REFERENCES 448
CHAPTER 157. CO-CROSSLINKING OF EVA/EMA COPOLYMERS: CHEMICAL AND RHEOLOGICAL STUDIES OF KINETICS 449
1. INTRODUCTION 449
2. CHEMICAL KINETIC 449
3. RHEOLOGY KINETIC 449
4. CONCLUSION 449
CHAPTER 158. EFFECTS OF REPETITIVE EXTRUSION UPON THE MOLTEN AND SOLID STATEPROPERTIES OF POLYETHYLENES 450
1. INTRODUCTION 450
2. EXPERIMENTAL 450
3. RESULTS 450
4. CONCLUSIONS 450
REFERENCES 450
CHAPTER 159. MELT FLOW-INDUCED ANISOTROPY IN AMORPHOUS POLYMERS 451
1. INTRODUCTION 451
2. STRESS-OPTICAL LAW ABOVE TG 451
3. ANISOTROPY IN THE SOLID STATE 451
4. DISCUSSION 451
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 451
CHAPTER 160. RHEOKINETICS OF NETWORK FORMATION IN ELASTOMER COMPOSITIONS 452
1. INTRODUCTION 452
2. METHODS 452
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 452
4. CONCLUSIONS 452
CHAPTER 161. INFLUENCE OF THE MOLECULAR WEIGHT ON THE OSCILLATING FLOW OF HDPE MELTS 453
1.Experimental 453
2.Flow curves 453
3.Pressure oscillations 453
CHAPTER 162. SOME ASPECTS OF THE VISCOELASTICITY OF POLYMER BLENDS 454
REFERENCES 454
CHAPTER 163. A LOG-NORMAL MODEL OF THE MELT VISCOELASTIC RELAXATION TIMES SPECTRUM FOR POLYDISPERSE POLYMERS. INFLUENCE OF MOLECULAR PARAMETERS 455
1. INTRODUCTION 455
2. ANALYTICAL MODEL 455
3. CONCLUSION 455
REFERENCES 455
CHAPTER 164. The Investigation on Melt Pumping Mechanisim of Counter…rotating Intermeshing Twin Screw Extruders 456
CHAPTER 165. RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYMER BLEND CONTAINING A COPOLYMER 457
REFERENCES 457
CHAPTER 166. THE EFFECT OF POLYMER MELT RHEOLOGY AND MELT SPINNING DYNAMICS ON THE ULTIMATE FINENESS OF PET FIBERS IN HIGH-SPEED SPINNING PROCESSES 458
1. INTRODUCTION 458
2. EXPERIMENTAL 458
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 458
4. CONCLUSIONS 458
REFERENCES 458
CHAPTER 167. VISCOUS BEHAVIOR OF POLYMERIC MELTS INVESTGATED BY NEMD-SIMULATIONS AND A FOKKER-PLANCK EQUATION 459
1. INTRODUCTION 459
2. INFLUENCE OF THE MOL WEIGHT 459
REFERENCES 459
CHAPTER 168. RHEOLOGY OF SILICONORGANIC REACTIVE OLIGOMERS 460
1. INTRODUCTION 460
2.MATERIALS AND MEIHDDS 460
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 460
4.REFERENCES 460
CHAPTER 169. DYNAMIC MECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF POLY(ETHER ETHER KETONE) AND POLY ETHERSULFONE 461
INTRODUCTION 461
EXPERIMENTAL 461
RESULTS 461
CHAPTER 170. FLOW - INDUCED CRYSTALLIZATION IN POLYMER MELTS 462
1. INTRODUCTION 462
2. METHODS AND RESULTS 462
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 462
CHAPTER 171. EFFECTS OF THERMOMECHANICAL HISTORY IN THE MELT ON THE CRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS OF SOME ISOTACTIC POLYPROPYLENE SAMPLE 463
1. INTRODUCTION 463
2. EXPERIMENTAIS 463
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 463
4. REFERENCES 463
CHAPTER 172. THE METHODS OF MODELLING AND CALCULATION OF THE PROBLEMS OF RHEOLOGICALLY COMPLEX MEDIA IN SCREW CONVEYER CHANNELS 464
1. INTRODUCTION 464
2. METHODS 464
REFERENCES 464
CHAPTER 173. Effect of Mixing on Particle Dispersion in Ceramic Injection Molding Mixtures 465
1. INTRODUCTION 465
2. EXPERIMENTAL 465
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 465
REFERENCES 465
CHAPTER 174. MELT FLOW SYNERGISM IN POLYMER MIXTURES: THE CONCOMITANT MORPHOLOGY 466
REFERENCES 466
CHAPTER 175. "UNIVERSAL" RELATIONS FOR VISCOSITY/SHEAR-RATE AND EXTRUDATE SWELL PROFILE OF A POLYMER MELT 467
CHAPTER 176. MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF PRESSURE AND SHEAR FLOW INDUCED MASS DENSITY CHANGES IN POLYMER MELTS 468
1. INTRODUCTION 468
2. MOLECULAR THEORY 468
REFERENCES 468
CHAPTER 177. MELT RHEOLOGY OF HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE/ETHYLENE-VINYL ACETATE COPOLYMER BLENDS 469
1. EXPERIMENTAL 469
2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 469
REFERENCES 469
CHAPTER 178. ELONGATIONAL FLOW OF POLYMER MATERIALS RHEOTENS: EXPERIMENT AND THEORY 470
CHAPTER 179. INFLUENCE OF SHEAR RATE AND TEMPERATURE ON THE CRYSTALLIZATION OF MULTI COMPONENT MELTS 471
1. INTRODUCTION 471
2. RESULTS CONCERNING METAL ALLOYS 471
3. RESULTS CONCERNING GLASS-CERAMIC 471
REFERENCES 471
CHAPTER 180. ELONGATION DEFORMATION TEST FOR POLYMER PROCESSING 472
1. INTRODUCTION 472
2. METHODS AND MATERIALS 472
3. RESULTS 472
REFERENCES 472
CHAPTER 181. FLOW INSTABILITY IN HDPE EXTRUSION: TWO-HOLE DIE EXPERIMENTS 473
REFERENCES 473
CHAPTER 182. CAPILLARY FLOW BEHAVIOR OF POLYBUTYLENE TEREPHTHALATE/POLYAMIDE„6 BLENDS 474
1. EXPERIMENTAL 474
2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 474
REFERENCES 474
CHAPTER 183. RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYBUTYLENE TEREPHTHALATE/POLYPROPYLENE BLENDS 475
1. EXPERIMENTAL 475
2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 475
REFERENCES 475
CHAPTER 184. RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYOLEFINES - - THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN . AND .N 476
REFERENCES 476
PART IX: CONTRIBUTED PAPERS POLYMER SOLUTIONS 478
CHAPTER 185. COATING FLOW INSTABILITY AND NON-NEWTONIAN FLOW OF CELLULOSE SOLUTIONS 480
1. INTRODUCTION 480
2. EXPERIMENTAL 480
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 480
REFERENCES 482
CHAPTER 186. BROWNIAN KINK DYNAMICS APPLIED TO SHEAR FLOWS OF DILUTE POLYMER SOLUTIONS 483
1. INTRODUCTION 483
2. GOVERNING EQUATIONS 483
3. RESULTS 484
REFERENCES 485
CHAPTER 187. INFLUENCE OF THERMAL HISTORY ON THE FLOW PROPERTIES OF CONCENTRATED POLYMER SOLUTIONS WITH RESPECT TO WALL SLIP AND SHEAR-THICKENING 486
1. INTRODUCTION 486
2. EXPERIMENTAL 486
3. RESULTS 486
4. DISCUSSION 488
REFERENCES 488
CHAPTER 188. DEFORMATION- INDUCED PHASE SEPARATION IN POLYMER SOLUTIONS 489
1. INTRODUCTION 489
2. MATERIALS USED 489
3. SHEARING EXPERIMENTS 489
4.STRETCHING EXPERIMENTS 490
5. CONCLUDING REMARKS 491
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 491
REFERENCES 491
CHAPTER 189. ELASTIC AND DISSIPATIVE STRESS-PRODUCING MECHANISMS IN CONTRACTION FLOWS OF POLYMER SOLUTIONS AS A FUNCTION OF FLOW STRENGTH AND CONCENTRATION 492
1. INTRODUCTION 492
2. FLOW CURVES 492
3. STRUCTURAL INTERPRETATION 493
4. CONCLUSION 494
REFERENCES 494
CHAPTER 190. THE RHEOLOGY OF MIXTURES: RODS AND COILS 495
1. INTRODUCTION 495
2. METHODS 495
3. CONCLUSIONS 495
REFERENCES 496
CHAPTER 191. ON THE DETERMINATION OF ELONGATIONAL MATERIAL PROPERTIES IN POLYMER SOLUTIONS FROM SPINNING FLOW 498
1. INTRODUCTION 498
2. THE MODEL 498
3. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION 500
4. DISCUSSION AND RESULTS 500
5. CONCLUSIONS 500
REFERENCES 500
CHAPTER 192. THE CONCENTRATION EQUATION OF POLYMER SOLUTION IN NONHOMOGENEOUS FLOW FIELD 501
1. INTRODUCTION 501
2.DILUTE POLYMER SOLUTION THEORY INVOLVING NONHOMOGENEOUS FLOW 501
3. FORMAL EQUATION OF MOTION FOR THE CONCENTRATION 501
4.EQUATION FOR THE LOCAL POLYMER CONCENTRATION AND MIGRATION OF POLYMER IN NONHOMOGENEOUS FLOW FIELD 502
5. SUMMARY 503
REFERENCES 503
CHAPTER 193. RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ROD-LIKE POLYMER SOLUTION IN ISOTROPIC AND NEMATIC PHASES 504
1. INTRODUCTION 504
2. THEORIES 504
3. APPLICATION OF THEORY TO A STEADY FLOW 505
4. CONCLUSIONS 505
Acknowledgement 505
REFERENCES 505
CHAPTER 194. TRANSIENT ELONGATIONAL VISCOSITY MEASUREMENT 507
1. INTRODUCTION 507
2. RESULTS 507
3. CONCLUSION 508
REFERENCES 508
CHAPTER 195. CONTROLLED AEROSOL PARTICLE SIZE GENERATION USING THE STEADY SHEAR, ELONGATIONAL AND MOLECULAR PROPERTIES OF POLYMER SOLUTIONS 509
1. INTRODUCTION 509
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 509
3. RESULTS 509
4. CONCLUSIONS 511
CHAPTER 196. RHEOLOGY OF FULLERENE SOLUTIONS 512
1. INTRODUCTION 512
2. FULLERENE SOLUTIONS 512
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 514
REFERENCES 514
CHAPTER 197. RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF THE GEL SYSTEMS USED IN ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY 515
1. INTRODUCTION 515
2.EQUIPMENT 515
3. GELLING SYSTEMS 515
4. RESULTS and DISCUSSION 516
5. CONCLUSIONS 517
6. REFERENCES 517
CHAPTER 198. FLOW PROPERTIES AND ELECTRICAL NOISE GENERATED DURING CAPILLARY FLOW OF NEWTONIAN LIQUIDS 518
1. INTRODUCTION 518
2.EXPERIMENTAL 518
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 519
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 520
REFERENCES 520
CHAPTER 199. DIVERGENCE AND CROSSOVER IN CONCENTRATION DEPENDENT COMPLIANCE OF POLYMER NETWORK SYSTEMS 521
1. INTRODUCTION 521
2. A MODEL OF PHYSICAL GELATION 521
3. SCALING 521
4. SOLUTION SYSTEMS 522
5. DISCUSSSION 523
REFERENCES 523
CHAPTER 200. FLOW - INDUCED STRUCTURE FORMATION IN SOLUTIONS 524
1. INTRODUCTION 524
2. METHODS 524
3. RESULTS 524
4. ANALYSIS 524
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 525
REFERENCES 525
CHAPTER 201. NANORHEOLOGY OF CONFINED POLYMER SOLUTIONS 526
1. INTRODUCTION 526
2. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION 526
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. 527
CONCLUSIONS 528
REFERENCES 528
CHAPTER 202. Hydrodynamic and Spectroscopic Measurements of Associative Polymer Solutions in Extensional Flow 529
1. INTRODUCTION 529
2. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD AND RESULTS 529
3. CONCLUDING REMARKS 531
REFERENCES 531
CHAPTER 203. EXTENSIONAL STRESS GROWTH IN POLYMER SOLUTIONS 532
1. INTRODUCTION 532
2. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 532
3. EXPERIMENTAL FLUID AND TECHNIQUE 532
4. CONSTTTUTIVE EQUATIONS AND THEIR PARAMETERS 532
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 533
6. CONCLUSION 533
REFERENCES 534
CHAPTER 204. Flow-Induced Structure and Dynamics of Concentration Fluctuations of Polymer Solutions 535
1. INTRODUCTION 535
2. SALS AND DICHROISM 535
3. RESULTS 536
4. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 537
References 537
CHAPTER 205. THERMALLY INDUCED STRUCTURE FORMATION IN POLYETHYLENE SOLUTIONS 538
1. INTRODUCTION 538
2. PE IN A GOOD SOLVENT 538
3. PE IN A POOR SOLVENT 538
4. DISCUSSION 538
REFERENCES 538
CHAPTER 206. RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR OF PECTIN LM/CALCIUM SOLUTIONS AND GELS. 539
1. INTRODUCTION 539
3. RESULTS 539
2. METHODS 539
REFERENCES 539
CHAPTER 207. HYDRODYNAMIC INTERACTIONS OF POLYMER SOLUTIONS IN A GENERAL TWO-DIMENSIONAL FLOW 540
1. INTRODUCTION 540
2. THE MODEL 540
3.RESULTS 540
REFERENCES 540
ON DRAG-REDUCING SURFACTANT SOLUTIONS AND PUMPS 541
REFERENCES 541
CHAPTER 208. STEADY AND DYNAMIC SHEAR CHARACTERISTICS OF SODIUM HYALURONATE SOLUTIONS 542
1. INTRODUCTION 542
2. METHODS 542
3. SIGNIFICANCES 542
REFERENCES 542
CHAPTER 209. LONG-CHAIN HYDROPHOBIC DERIVATIVES OF HYDROXYPROPYL GUAR GUM (HPG): A RHEOLOGICAL STUDY IN SHEAR CONDITIONS 543
1. INTRODUCTION 543
2. EXPERIMENTAL 543
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 543
REFERENCES 543
CHAPTER 210. AGGREGATE STRUCTURES IN WATER-SOLUBLE POLYMER SYSTEMS 544
1.0 INTRODUCTION 544
2.0 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 544
CHAPTER 211. RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS 545
1. INTRODUCTION 545
2. METHODS AND RESULTS 545
CHAPTER 212. DESCRIPTION OF RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCENTRATED POLYDIENEURETHANE SOLUTIONS USING THE FLUCTUATION ENTANGLEMENT THEORY 546
CHAPTER 213. RHEO-OPTICAL DETECTION OF SHEAR INDUCED ORIENTATION AND DEFORMATION OF POLYMERS IN SOLUTION 547
1. INTRODUCTION 547
2. METHOD 547
3. EXPERIMENTAL 547
4. RESULTS 547
REFERENCES 547
AUTHOR INDEX 548
Vol 2 556
Front Cover 556
Theoretical and Applied Rheology 559
Copyright Page 560
Table of Contents 573
PREFACE 563
INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON RHEOLOGY 565
INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON RHEOLOGY 569
PART X: CONTRIBUTED PAPERS LIQUID CRYSTALS 593
CHAPTER 214: ELECTRO-RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYMERIC LIQUID CRYSTALS 595
1. INTRODUCTION 595
2. EXPERIMENTAL 595
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 596
REFERENCES 597
CHAPTER 215. A SURVEY OF MEASURED SECOND NORMAL STRESS DIFFERENCES FOR LIQUID CRYSTAL POLYMERS 598
1. INTRODUCTION 598
2. EXPERIMENTAL 598
3. RESULTS 598
CHAPTER 216. VISCOELASTICITY OF STRUCTURED FLUIDS 601
1. INTRODUCTION 601
2. EXPERIMENTAL 601
3. RESULTS 602
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 603
REFERENCES 603
CHAPTER 217. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OPTICAL TEXTURES AND RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR OF A THERMOTROPIC POLYMER 604
1 INTRODUCTION 604
2 EXPERIMENTAL 604
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 604
4 CONCLUSION 605
REFERENCES 605
CHAPTER 218. SOLID-PHASE RHEOLOGY OF A THERMOTROPIC LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE POLYMER 606
1. INTRODUCTION 606
2. EXPERIMENTS 606
3. DYNAMICAL MEASUREMENTS 606
4. NON-RECOVERABLE STRAIN 606
5. CONCLUSION 607
6. ACKNOWLEDGMENT 607
REFERENCES 607
CHAPTER 219. RHEOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF A THERMOTROPIC LIQUID CRYSTALLINE POLYMER WITH LOW TEMPERATURE TRANSITIONS 609
1. INTRODUCTION 609
EXPERIMENTAL 609
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 610
References 611
CHAPTER 220. RHEO-OPTICAL BEHAVIOR OF A LYOTROPIC LCP IN TRANSIENT SHEAR FLOWS 612
CHAPTER 221. STABILITY ANALYSIS OF A NON-ALIGNING NEMATIC POLYMER IN SIMPLE SHEAR FLOW 613
1. INTRODUCTION 613
2. KINEMATICS 613
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 613
4. CONCLUDING REMARKS 615
5. REFERENCES 615
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 615
CHAPTER 222. ANISOTROPY OF HEAT CONDUCTION IN INJECTION MOULDED THERMOTROPIC LIQUID CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS 616
1. INTRODUCTION 616
2. EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP 616
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 617
4. CONCLUSIONS 618
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 618
REFERENCES 618
CHAPTER 223. MOLECULAR ALIGNMENT OF POLYMER LIQUID CRYSTALS IN SHEAR FLOW 619
1. INTRODUCTION 619
2. EXPERIMENTAL 619
3. RESULTS 620
4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 621
5. REFERENCES 621
CHAPTER 224. X-RAY SCATTERING FROM A FLOWING POLYMER SOLUTION 622
1. INTRODUCTION 622
2. EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES 622
3 . RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 622
REFERENCES 623
CHAPTER 225. STRESS JUMPS OF TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS IN SHEAR FLOW 624
1. INTRODUCTION 624
2. EXPERIMENTAL 625
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 625
4. CONCLUSION 626
REFERENCES 626
CHAPTER 226. THE POLYDOMAIN PROBLEM IN NEMATICS. HOW TO ACCOUNT FOR SPATIAL GRADIENTS IN MOLECULAR ORIENTATION 627
1. INTRODUCTION 627
2. THE MODEL 627
3. LINEAR LIMIT. FRANK ELASTICITY 628
4. STATICS OF A POLYDOMAIN 628
5. HINTS ON POLYDOMAIN DYNAMICS 629
REFERENCES 629
CHAPTER 227. PARALLEL SUPERPOSITION MEASUREMENTS ON POLYMERIC LIQUID CRYSTALS 630
1. INTRODUCTION 630
2. EXPERIMENTAL 630
3. RELEVANCE OF PARALLEL SUPERPOSITION MEASUREMENTS 630
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 631
5. CONCLUSIONS 632
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 632
REFERENCES 632
CHAPTER 228. A SIMPLE MECHANISM TO EXPLAIN THE BAND FORMATION UPON CESSATION OF FLOW IN POLYMER LIQUID CRYSTALS 633
1. INTRODUCTION 633
2. EXPERIMENTAL 633
3. DESCRIPTION OF THE MODEL 634
4. DISCUSSION 635
REFERENCES 635
CHAPTER 229. SHEAR ORIENTATION OF SIDE-CHAIN LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS 636
1 INTRODUCTION 636
2 NOVEL OPTICAL METHODS TO STUDY MOLECULAR AND MICROSTRUCTURAL DYNAMICS 636
3 THE RHEO-OPTICAL APPARATUS 636
4 EXPERIMENTAL METHODS 637
5 MODEL POLYMERS 637
6 RESULTS 637
7 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK 637
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 637
8 REFERENCES 638
9 FIGURES 638
CHAPTER 230. ELONGATIONAL FLOW OF NEMATIC POLYMERS: HPC-WATER SOLUTIONS 639
1. INTRODUCTION 639
2. MAIN THEORETICAL RESULTS 639
3. EXPERIMENTAL 640
4. CONCLUSIONS 641
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 641
REFERENCES 641
CHAPTER 231. ANISOTROPIC RELAXATION FUNCTIONS OF LIQUID CRYSTAL POLYMERS 642
1. INTRODUCTION 642
2. NEMATIC VISCOELASTIC LIQUIDS 642
3. ANISOTROPIC RELAXATION 643
REFERENCES 644
CHAPTER 232. Dynamic Behaviour after Cessation of Flow for Liquid Crystalline HPC 645
1 Introduction 645
2 Materials and Equipment 645
3 Experimental Results 645
4 References 645
CHAPTER 233. TRANSIENT FLOW OF THE LAMELLAR LIQUID CRYSTAL IN SURFACTANT/WATER SYSTEMS 646
1. INTRODUCTION 646
2. EXPERIMENTAL 646
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 646
REFERENCES 646
CHAPTER 234. VISCOUS AND ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF MESOGENIC POLYMER SOLUTIONS IN LOW MOLAR MASS NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALS 647
REFERENCES 647
CHAPTER 235. CONSTANT STRESS OPTICAL RHEOMETRY OF FLOWING POLYMERS 648
I. INTRODUCTION 648
II. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION 648
RESULTS 648
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 648
REFERENCES 648
CHAPTER 236. RHEOLOGY OF FILLED LIQUID CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS 649
CHAPTER 237. EFFECT OF DIE GEOMETRY ON THE RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF A THERMOTROPIC COPOLYESTER 650
1. INTRODUCTION 650
2. EXPERIMENTAL 650
3. DISCUSSION 650
REFERENCES 650
CHAPTER 238. The Microstructure of Shearing Liquid Crystal Polymers 651
PART XI: CONTRIBUTED PAPERS SUSPENSIONS 653
CHAPTER 239. VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES OF SUSPENSIONS IN PARALLEL SUPERPOSITION OF STEADY FLOW AND OSCILLATION 655
1. INTRODUCTION 655
2.EXPERIMENTAL 655
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 656
REFERENCES 657
CHAPTER 240.THE YIELD STRESS MYTH?' REVISITED 658
1. INTRODUCTION 658
2. AN APPRAISAL OF SOME OF THE EVIDENCE 658
3. SUSPENSIONS THAT MIGHT BE EXPECTED TO HAVE YIELD STRESSES 658
4. EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FOR YIELD STRESSES IN SUSPENSIONS 660
5. CONCLUSIONS 660
6. REFERENCES 660
CHAPTER 241. COMPRESSIVE YIELD STRESSES OF FLOCCULATED PARTICLE SUSPENSIONS 661
1. INTRODUCTION 661
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 661
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 663
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 663
REFERENCES 663
CHAPTER 242. THE RHEOLOGY OF CONCENTRATED DISPERSIONS: STRUCTURE CHANGES AND SHEAR THICKENING IN EXPERIMENTS AND COMPUTER SIMULATIONS 664
1. INTRODUCTION 664
2. RESULTS 664
3. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 666
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 666
REFERENCES 666
CHAPTER 243. HYDRODYNAMIC PARTICLE MIGRATION IN SMALL-AMPLITUDE, OSCILLATORY, CIRCULAR COUETTE FLOW: THE LIMITS OF REVERSIBILITY 667
1. INTRODUCTION 667
2. EXPERIMENTAL 667
3. RESULTS 668
4. SUMMARY 669
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 669
REFERENCES 669
CHAPTER 244. THE BINGHAM FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF BENTONITE MUDS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES AND HYDRAULIC PRESSURES 670
1. INTRODUCTION 670
2. EXPERIMENTAL 670
3. RESULTS 671
4. MODELLING AND DISCUSSION 671
REFERENCES 672
CHAPTER 245. AN EMPIRICAL MODEL FOR THE VISCOSITY OF SOFT-SPHERE DISPERSIONS 673
INTRODUCTION 673
EFFECTIVE HARD-SPHERE MODEL 673
RESULTS & DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS 676
Acknowledgement 676
REFERENCES 676
CHAPTER 246. Shear Thickening Effect in Concentrated Colloidal Dispersions 677
1 Introduction 677
2 Experimental 677
3 Results - Discussions 677
4 Conclusions 679
References 679
Acknowledgement 679
CHAPTER 247. MODELLING OF COMPLEX SUSPENSIONS 680
1. INTRODUCTION 680
2. THEORY 680
3. DISCUSSION 681
4. CONCLUSIONS 682
REFERENCES 682
CHAPTER 248. THE RHEOMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF CERAMIC PASTES FOR CATALYSTS 683
1. INTRODUCTION 683
2. EXPERIMENTS 683
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 683
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 685
REFERENCES 685
CHAPTER 249. PARTICULATE SIMULATIONS OF THE RHEOLOGY OF DENSE SUSPENSIONS 686
1. INTRODUCTION 686
2. METHOD 686
Achnowledgements 688
REFERENCES 688
CHAPTER 250. UNDERSTANDING THE MECHANISM LEADING TO DILATANT AND DISCONTINUOUS VISCOSITY BEHAVIOR 689
1. SYNOPSIS 689
2. INTRODUCTION 689
3. DIMENSIONLESS GROUPS GOVERNING THE ONSET OF SHEAR THICKENING 690
4. CONCLUSIONS 691
REFERENCES 691
CHAPTER 251. EXPERIMENTAL IMPRECISION IN DETERMINING THE EXTENSIONAL VISCOSITY OF HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLYISOBUTYLENE SUSPENSIONS 692
1 INTRODUCTION 692
2 EXPERIMENTAL 692
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 693
REFERENCES 694
CHAPTER 252. Rheology of Silica Gel/Polymer Suspensions 695
1. INTRODUCTION 695
2. Methods 695
3. Results and Discussion 695
REFERENCES 697
CHAPTER 253. RHEOLOGY AND SHEAR-INDUCED PARTICLE STRUCTURES OF CONCENTRATED ELECTROSTATICALLY STABILIZED POLYMER DISPERSIONS 698
1. INTRODUCTION 698
2. SAMPLES AND EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES 698
3. RHEOLOGY OF THE DISPERSIONS 699
4. SMALL ANGLE NEUTRON SCATTERING 699
5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 700
REFERENCES 700
CHAPTER 254. Exploring The Rheology of Fine Metal Oxide Suspension Systems 701
1. INTRODUCTION 701
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 701
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 701
4. CONCLUSION 703
REFERENCES 703
CHAPTER 255. VISCOSITY AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF ORIENTATIONS IN CONFINED SUSPENSIONS OF ROD-LIKE PARTICLES 704
1. INTRODUCTION 704
2. EXPERIMENTAL 705
3. COMPUTER SIMULATION 705
4. RESULTS 706
REFERENCES 706
CHAPTER 256. VISUALIZATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF IRON OXIDE SUSPENSIONS 707
1. INTRODUCTION 707
2. EXPERIMENTAL 707
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 707
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 709
REFERENCES 709
CHAPTER 257. DYNAMIC VISCOELASTICITY OF SUSPENSIONS FLOCCULATED BY POLYMER BRIDGING 710
1. INTRODUCTION 710
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 710
3. RESULTS 710
4. DISCUSSION 712
5. CONCLUSIONS 712
REFERENCES 712
CHAPTER 258. THE MIXING OF PSEUDO…PLASTIC YIELD STRESS SLURRIES 713
1. INTRODUCTION 713
2. METHOD 713
3. EXPERIMENTAL 713
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 714
5. CONCLUSION 715
REFERENCES 715
CHAPTER 259. Predictions for the Viscoelasticity of Dispersions of Charged, Brownian Spheres through Generalized Hydrodynamics 716
1 Introduction 716
2 Theory 716
3 Results 717
References 718
CHAPTER 260. Viscoelasticity in dispersions of adhesive hard spheres 719
1 INTRODUCTION 719
2 MODEL SYSTEM 719
3 METHODS 719
4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 720
REFERENCES 721
CHAPTER 261. RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR OF SUSPENSIONS AT MEDIUM OR HIGH SOLID CONCENTRATION 722
1. INTRODUCTION 722
2. EXPERIMENTAL TESTS 722
REFERENCES 722
CHAPTER 262. Effects of Soft Interactions in Colloidal Dispersions 723
1 Introduction 723
2 Materials and Methods 723
3 Results and Discussion 723
References 723
Acknowledgement 723
CHAPTER 263. TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF PROLATE SPHEROIDS 724
1. INTRODUCTION 724
2. METHOD 724
3. RESULTS 724
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 724
REFERENCES 724
CHAPTER 264. RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER DISPERSION OF CELLULOSE 725
REFERENCES 725
CHAPTER 265. YIELD AND FLOW IN CONCENTRATED SUSPENSIONS OF MICA AND WATER 726
REFERENCES 726
CHAPTER 266. SHEAR THICKENING IN CHARGE STABILIZED SUSPENSIONS 727
REFERENCES 727
CHAPTER 267. RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF "GIANT" MICELLES UNDER SHEAR 728
1. INTRODUCTION 728
2. EXPERIMENTAL 728
3. RESULTS 728
4. CONCLUSION 728
CHAPTER 268. Equilibrium Flow Curve Of Weakly Aggregated Polystyrene Latex 729
1. Introduction 729
2. Experimental 729
3. Results and Discussion 729
References 729
CHAPTER 269. Rheologicai Property of Tetracalcium Aluminoferrite Paste 730
1 INTRODUCTION 730
2 EXPERIMENTAL 730
3 RESULTS and DISCUSSION 730
CHAPTER 270. RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR AND STABILITY REGION FOR CHINA CLAY SUSPENSION 731
1. INTRODUCTION 731
2. EXPERIMENTAL 731
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 731
THE INFLUENCE OF POLYACRYLAMIDE FLOCCULANTS ON THE RHEOLOGY OF CLAY SLURRIES 732
1. INTRODUCTION 732
2. METHODS 732
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 732
REFERENCES 732
CHAPTER 271. COAL-OIL-SUSPENSIONS - VISCOSITY AT HIGH PRESSURE AND HIGH TEMPERATURE 733
CHAPTER 272. MICROMECHANICS AND RHEOLOGY OF MAGNETIZING SUSPENSION 734
CHAPTER 273. STRUCTURAL CLOGGING MECHANISM IN POROUS MEDIUM BY SOIL SUSPENSION FLOW 735
1. INTRODUCTION 735
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 735
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 735
4. CONCLUSIONS 735
CHAPTER 274. RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CLAY SUSPENSIONS 736
CHAPTER 275. INFLUENCE OF COMPOSITION ON THE FLOW BEHAVIOUR OF A DETERGENT SLURRY 737
1. INTRODUCTION 737
2. EXPERIMENTAL 737
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 737
REFERENCES 737
CHAPTER 276. STATISTICAL THEORY OF CONCENTRATED SUSPENSION VISCOSITY 738
REFERENCES 738
CHAPTER 277. EFFECT OF ATTRACTIVE INTERACTIONS ON THE FLOW PROPERTIES AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF A FLOCCULATED SUSPENSION 739
REFERENCES 739
CHAPTER 278. USING OF FREE-DRAINED MODELS OF RIGID IMPENETRABLE ISOTROPIC AND ANISOTROPIC SUSPENDED PARTICLES IN RHEOLOGY OF SUSPENSIONS 740
1. Uniaxial dumbbell model 740
2. Triaxial dumbbell model 740
REFERENCES 740
CHAPTER 279. Structure formation in disperse systems used in electrotechnology 741
CHAPTER 280. STRUCTURAL-RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF HIGHLY DISPERSED POWDERS AND CONCENTRATED YBa2Cu307-x SUSPENSIONS FOR SUPERCONDUCTIVE CERAMICS 742
REFERENCES 742
CHAPTER 281. COLLOIDAL-CHEMICAL HYGRODYNAMICS (PHYSICO-CHEMICAL HYDRODYNAMICS OF THE STRUCTURIZED DISPERSE SYSTEMS) 743
REFERENCES 743
CHAPTER 282. INSTALLATION FOR STUDYING THE PROCESSES OP PILLER DISPERSING DURING THE PLOW OP A VISCOUS LIQUID 744
CHAPTER 283. STRUCTURAL PHENOMENA IN FLOW OF HARD SPHERE DISPERSIONS 745
1. Introduction 745
2. Structural phenomena 745
3. Effective stress concept 745
4. Conclusions 745
References 745
CHAPTER 284. THIXOTROPY AND RHEOPEXY IN AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS OF A SYNTHETIC HECTORITE CLAY 746
REFERENCES 746
CHAPTER 285. CHANGE IN STRUCTURAL-RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES ON HOMOPHASE AND HETEROPHASE POLYMERIZATION OP VINYL MONOMERS 747
REFERENCES 747
PART XII: CONTRIBUTED PAPERS FOAMS AND EMULSIONS 749
CHAPTER 286. RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR OF SUCROSE STEARATE/WATER SYSTEMS 751
1. INTRODUCTION 751
2. EXPERIMENTAL 751
3. RESULTS 751
4. DISCUSSION 753
REFERENCES 753
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 753
CHAPTER 287. On The Jet Swelling of Concentrated Emulsions 754
1. INTRODUCTION 754
2. EXPERIMENTAL 754
3. RESULTS 755
4. INTERPRETATION AND DISCUSSION 755
5. CONCLUSIONS 756
Acknowledgement 756
REFERENCES 756
CHAPTER 288. SIMPLE SHEARING FLOW OF A 3D FOAM 757
Introduction 757
Uniaxial Extension of Kelvin's Cell 757
Planar Model for Simple Shearing Flow 758
Acknowlegment 759
References 759
CHAPTER 289. STRUCTURE AND RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF HIGHLY VISCOELASTIC FOAMS 760
1. ABSTRACT 760
2. INTRODUCTION 760
3. METHODS 760
4. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 761
5. REFERENCES 762
CHAPTER 290. INFLUENCE OF DEFORMATION AND BREAK UP FOR EMULSIFIED DROPLETS ON THE RHEOLOGICAL EMULSION PROPERTIES 763
1. ABSTRACT 763
2. INTRODUCTION 763
3. MATERIALS AND METHODS 763
4. RESULTS 763
REFERENCES 765
CHAPTER 291. RHEOLOGICAL AND GRANULOMETRICAL STUDIES OF CUTTING OIL EMULSIONS 766
1. INTRODUCTION 766
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 766
3. RESULTS 766
REFERENCES 766
CHAPTER 292. THE UNUSUAL RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF MICROEMULSION 767
1. INTRODUCTION 767
2. METHODS 767
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 767
REFERENCES 767
CHAPTER 293. RHEOLOGY OF CREOSOTE EMULSIONS 768
1. INTRODUCTION 768
2. EXPERIMENTAL 768
3. DISCUSSION 768
REFERENCES 768
CHAPTER 294. RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER-IN-OIL EMULSIONS WITH SOME WAXY NORTH SEA CRUDE OILS 769
1. INTRODUCTION 769
2. EXPERIMENTAL 769
3. RESULTS 769
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 769
REFERENCES 769
CHAPTER 295. INFLUENCE OF WATER…SOLUBLE POLYMER ADDITIONS ON WATER/OIL EMULSION RHEOLOGY 770
REFERENCES 770
CHAPTER 296. BUBBLES IN POLYMERIC LIQUIDS: DYNAMICS, HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER 771
1. INTRODUCTION 771
2. BASIC EQUATIONS 771
3. INDIVIDUAL BUBBLES BEHAVIOUR 771
4. COLLECTIVE PHENOMENA 771
REFERENCE 771
CHAPTER 297. THE EMULSIFICATION PROCESS AT HIGH INTERNAL PHASE FRACTIONS 772
1 INTRODUCTION 772
2 THE SYSTEM 772
3 DROPLET BREAKUP 772
4 CONCLUSION 772
REFERENCES 772
PART XIII: CONTRIBUTED PAPERS FOOD RHEOLOGY 773
CHAPTER 298. FLOW PROPERTIES OF STIRRED YOGURT : MODELLING AND INFLUENCE OF COOLING CONDITIONS 775
1. INTRODUCTION 775
2. MATERIAL & METHODS
3. RESULTS 776
4. CONCLUSION 777
REFERENCES 777
NOMENCLATURE 777
CHAPTER 299. RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SAGGING OF BAGEL DOUGH 778
Abstract 778
1. INTRODUCTION 778
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 778
3. RESULTS 779
4. DISCUSSION 779
5. CONCLUSIONS 779
References 779
CHAPTER 300. SIMULATION OF THE RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CEREAL PROTEINS 781
1. Introduction. 781
2. Material and Methods 781
3. Results and Discussion 782
REFERENCES 783
CHAPTER 301. A NEW SLIT DIE RHEOMETER TO MEASURE THE VISCOSITY OF EXTRUDED STARCHY PRODUCTS 784
1. INTRODUCTION 784
2. MATERIAL AND METHODS 784
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 785
REFERENCES 786
CHAPTER 302. COMPARISON OF SENSORY ANALYSIS AND THRESHOLD VALUE, SHEAR MODULUS AND COMPLIANCE OF LOW FAT MARGARINES AND BUTTERS 787
1. INTRODUCTION 787
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 787
3. RHEOLOGICAL TEST 788
4. SENSORY ANALYSIS 789
5. SENSORY ANALYSIS - RHEOLOGICAL TESTS COMPARISON 789
6. CONCLUSION 789
REFERENCES 789
CHAPTER 303. CREEP COMPLIANCE OF BUTTER 790
1. INTRODUCTION 790
2. METHOD 790
3. RESULTS 791
4. DISCUSSION 792
REFERENCES 792
CHAPTER 304. TIME DEPENDENT BEHAVIOUR OF XANTHAN-GALACTOMANNAN DISPERSIONS AND ITS EFFECT ON THE SEDIMENTATION RATE OF DISPERSED PARTICLES 793
Acknowledgement 795
List of symbols 795
References 795
CHAPTER 305. EXTRUDATE SWELL BEHAVIOR OF WHEAT FLOUR DOUGHS 796
1. INTRODUCTION 796
2. MATERIALS 796
3. METHODS 796
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 797
REFERENCES 798
CHAPTER 306. VISCOMETRICAL AND ELASTICAL BEHAVIOUR OF TILLIA SP.HONEY 799
1. INTRODUCTION AND METHOD 799
2. RESULTS 799
CHAPTER 307. NON-LINEAR VISCOELASTICITY OF MAYONNAISE CONTAINING DIFFERENT EGG PRODUCTS 800
1. INTRODUCTION 800
2. EXPERIMENTAL 800
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 800
REFERENCES 800
CHAPTER 308. VISCOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF MOLECULAR WEIGHT AND CHAIN CONFORMATION OF CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE HYDROLYSATES 801
1. INTRODUCTION 801
2. METHODS 801
3. SINGANIFICANCES 801
REFERENCE 801
CHAPTER 309. RHEOLOGY AND FLOW CHARACTERISATION OF MASSECUITES AND MOLASSES 802
1. INTRODUCTION 802
2. RHEOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS AND FLOW CHARACTERISTICS 802
REFERENCES 802
CHAPTER 310. RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR OF LOW SOLIDS FRESH CHEESES 803
1. INTRODUCTION 803
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 803
3. RESULTS 803
REFERENCES 803
CHAPTER 311. VISCOELASTICITY OF FULLY HYDRATED WHEAT GLUTEN AND THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE 804
1. INTRODUCTION 804
2. MATERIALS & METHODS
3. RESULTS & DISCUSSION
CHAPTER 312. TUBE FLOW MODEL OF FOOD HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES 805
1.INTRODUCTION 805
2.THE MODEL 805
3.CONCLUSION 805
REFERENCES 805
CHAPTER 313. RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF COMMERCIAL YEAST SUSPENSIONS 806
1. INTRODUCTION 806
2. DISCUSSION 806
3. REFERENCES 806
CHAPTER 314. RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF FERMENTATION BROTHS 807
1. INTRODUCTION 807
2. RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION 807
3. CONCLUSION 807
CHAPTER 315. YIELD STRESS DETERMINATION OF MOLTEN CHOCOLATE 808
1. INTRODUCTION 808
2. DISCUSSION 808
3. REFERENCES 808
PART XIV: CONTRIBUTED PAPERS BIORHEOLOGY 809
CHAPTER 316. CRYOSOLVENTS EFFECT ON THE VISCOELASTICITY OF ACTIN/a-ACTININ NETWORKS 811
1. INTRODUCTION 811
2. METHODS 811
3. RESULTS 812
4. DISCUSSION 813
5. CONCLUSION 813
REFERENCES 813
CHAPTER 317. DEFORMATION OF CELLS UNDER TRACTION 814
1 - INTRODUCTION 814
2 - METHODS 814
3. RESULTS 816
4. CONCLUSION 816
REFERENCES 816
CHAPTER 318. PROCESS RHEOMETRY OF BIOLOGICAL SUSPENSIONS 817
1. INTRODUCTION 817
2. RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FERMENTATION BROTHS 817
3. INFLUENCE OF THE RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE BROTH ON TRANSPORT PHENOMENA 818
4. METHODS OF MEASUREMENTS USED IN THE PROCESS RHEOMETRY OF FERMENTATION BROTH 818
CONCLUSION 819
REFERENCES 819
CHAPTER 319. Rheology of Lipid Vesicle Dispersions as a Function of Temperature. 820
1 Introduction 820
2 Vesicles, preparation and physical state 820
3 Results 820
4 The bilayer mechanical properties 822
References 822
CHAPTER 320. THE KINETICS OF VISCOELASTIC CHANGES DUE TO BLOOD CLOT FORMATION 823
1. INTRODUCTION 823
2. THE THEORETICAL CLOT 823
3. METHODS OF ANALYSIS 824
4. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS 824
5. ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA 824
6. CONCLUSIONS 825
REFERENCES 825
CHAPTER 321. FLOW OF LIQUID DROPS AND NEUTROPHILS DOWN A TAPERED TUBE 826
1. INTRODUCTION 826
2. THEORY 826
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 827
REFERENCES 828
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 828
CHAPTER 322. POLYMER SOLUTIONS AS MODEL FLUIDS FOR THE NON-NEWTONIAN BEHAVIOUR OF BLOOD 829
1. INTRODUCTION 829
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 829
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 829
REFERENCES 831
CHAPTER 323. BLOOD RHEOLOGY PREDICTED WITH A STATISTICAL MECHANICS TREATMENT OF ROULEAUX 832
1. INTRODUCTION 832
2. AGGREGATE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION 832
3. MICROSTRUCTURAL KINETICS 832
4. STRESS TENSOR 833
5. APPLICATIONS 834
6. REFERENCES 834
CHAPTER 324. INFLUENCE OF THE CITIOLONE/AMBROXOL VERSUS PLACEBO IN THE FLUIDIFICATION OF THE TRAQUEO-BRONCHIAL MUCUS 835
1. INTRODUCTION 835
2. METHODOLOGY 835
3. RESULTS 835
CHAPTER 325. RHEOLOGY OF THE HYPERLIPIDEMIC PLASMA AND BLOOD 836
1. INTRODUCTION 836
2. METHODS 836
CHAPTER 326. THE ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE: SETTLING IN TUBES OF NON-CIRCULAR CROSS SECTION 837
1. INIRCOEITCN 837
2. METHODS 837
3. CONCLUSION 837
CHAPTER 327. REGULATIVE THROMBOCYTE EFFECT FOR BLOOD RHEOLOGY 838
CHAPTER 328. TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR OF SINGLE AND BINARY BIOPOLYMERIC SYSTEMS 839
1. INTRODUCTION 839
2. MATERIALS & METHODS
3. RESULTS & DISCUSSION
REFERENCES 839
CHAPTER 329. DISTURBANCES OF RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF BLOOD CAUSED BY DYNAMICS OF PLATELETS' LINK OF HAEMOSTASIS IN PATIENTS WITH UNSTABLE ANGINA 840
CHAPTER 330. RHEOLOGICAL STUDY OF BETALACTOGLOBULIN GELS 841
1. INTRODUCTION 841
2. METHODS 841
3. RESULTS 841
REFERENCES 841
CHAPTER 331. EFFECT OF BLOOD RHEOLOGY ON THE TEMPERATURE FIELDS IN A TUMOR UNDER SHF HYPERTHERMIA 842
PART XV: CONTRIBUTED PAPERS ELECTRORHEOLOGY 843
CHAPTER 332. CORRELATION OF MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES IN ELECTRO-RHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS 845
1. INTRODUCTION 845
2. SYSTEMS OF MEASUREMENT 845
3. DATA AND REPRODUCIBILITY 846
4 CORRELATION OF SYSTEMS OF MEASUREMENT 847
REFERENCES 847
CHAPTER 333. ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS BASED ON PBZT PARTICLES WITH CONTROLLED GEOMETRY 848
INTRODUCTION 848
EXPERIMENTAL 848
RESULTS and DISCUSSION 849
CONCLUSIONS 850
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 850
REFERENCES 850
CHAPTER 334. THE ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL RESPONSE: THE EFFECT OF RELAXATION PROCESSES 851
1. INTRODUCTION. 851
2. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. 852
REFERENCES 853
CHAPTER 335. STRETCHING OF MACROMOLECULES UNDER SHEAR FLOW AND ELECTRIC FIELD 854
ABSTRACT 854
1. INTRODUCTION 854
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE MODEL 854
3. RESOLUTION OF THE GENERALIZED LANGEVIN EQUATION AND FORMULATION OF THE UNCOILING CRITERION 855
4. MODEL PREDICTIONS 855
5. CONCLUSION 856
REFERENCES 856
CHAPTER 336. ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR OF CONCENTRATED BLACK COAL WATER SLURRIES FLOWING IN A PIPE 857
1. INTRODUCTION 857
2. EXPERIMENTAL 857
3. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 857
4. CONCLUSIONS 858
5. REFERENCES 858
CHAPTER 337. ON THE EXAMINATION OF ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL EFFECT 860
1. INTRODUCTION 860
2. RESULTS 860
CHAPTER 338. CONTROLLED SHEAR STRESS AND CONTROLLED SHEAR RATE RHEOMETER SYSTEM FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL PHENOMENA 861
1. PRINCIPLE OF THE ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL EFFECT (ER) 861
2. UTILIZATION OF THE ER-EFFECT 861
3. RHEOLOGICAL DETERMINATION OF THE ER-EFFECT 861
CHAPTER 339. ELECTROSTREAMING BIREFRINGENCE OF RIGID MACROMOLECULES WITH DIPOLES 862
1. INTRODUCTION 862
2. EXPERIMENTALS 862
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 862
REFERENCES 862
CHAPTER 340. SHEAR RESISTANCE OF ELECTRO-RHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS UNDER AC ELECTRIC FIELDS 863
REFERENCES 863
CHAPTER 341. ELECTRIC FIELD-INDUCED STRUCTURE IN CRITICAL POLYMER SOLUTIONS 864
1.0 INTRODUCTION 864
2.0 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 864
CHAPTER 342. MECHANISM AND DESIGN OF HIGH PERFORMANCE DRY ER FLUID 865
1. INTRODUCTION 865
2. RHEOLOGICAL EVIDENCES TO THE PHYSICAL MODEL 865
REFERENCES 865
PART XVI: CONTRIBUTED PAPERS RHEOLOGY OF SOLIDS 867
CHAPTER 343. INVESTIGATION OF THE SOFTENING BEHAVIOUR OF FILLED POLYMERS 869
1. INTRODUCTION 869
2. PHENOMENA 869
3. EXPERIMENTAL 870
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 871
REFERENCES 871
CHAPTER 344. STRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN AND THE RHEOLOGY OF CEMENT MORTAR 872
1. INTRODUCTION 872
2. RHEOLOGY OF MORTAR 872
3. STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR OF CEMENT SYSTEMS 872
4. MICROSTRUCTURAL INTERPRETATION 872
5. EXPERIMENTAL DATA ON MORTARS 873
6. DISCUSSION 873
7. CONCLUSION 874
REFERENCES 874
CHAPTER 345. MODELLING VOLUME STRAIN DURING FLOW OF SOLID POLYMERS 875
1. INTRODUCTION 875
2. EXPERIMENTAL 875
3. RESULTS 876
4. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 877
ACKNOWLEGEMENTS 877
REFERENCES 877
CHAPTER 346. ON THE NONLINEAR VISCOELASTIC CHARACTERIZATION OF CREEP AND STRESS RELAXATION OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS 878
1. INTRODUCTION 878
2. EXPERTMENTAL RESULTS 879
3. SIMPLIFIED MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION 879
REFERENCES 880
CHAPTER 347. THE BENDING RECOVERY OF POLYMER FILMS: A VISCOELASTIC ANALYSIS REVISITED 881
1. INTRODUCTION 881
2. THEORY 881
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 882
SUMMARY 883
REFERENCES 883
CHAPTER 348. BALLISTIC COMPRESSION TEST FOR DETERMINING HIGH STRAIN RATE CONSTITUTIVE EQUATION FOR SOLID MATERIALS 884
1. INTRODUCTION 884
2 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 884
3. NUMERICAL TECHNIQUE 885
4. CONSTITUTIVE EQUATION 885
5 TYPICAL RESULT 885
6. SUMMARY AND FUTURE WORK 886
7. REFERENCES 886
CHAPTER 349. ON THE SHEAR BEHAVIOUR OF AMORPHOUS POLYMERS IN THE GLASSY REGION AND IN THE GLASS-TRANSITION 887
1. INTRODUCTION 887
2. EXPERIMENTAL 887
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 888
REFERENCES 889
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 889
CHAPTER 350. THE EFFECT OF RESIDUAL STRAINS AND STRESSES ON THE PHYSICAL AGING OF POLYMER GLASSES 890
INTRODUCTION 890
EXPERIMENTAL 891
RESULTS 891
SIMULATIONS 891
REFERENCES 891
CHAPTER 351. MECHANICAL PARAMETERS REGULATING ISOTHERMAL GLASS-TO-LIQUID STRUCTURAL CHANGE IN PMMA 893
1. INTRODUCTION 893
2. EXPERIMENTAL 893
3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 893
4. CONCLUSIONS 895
REFERENCES 895
CHAPTER 352. SOME APPROACHES OF MODELING OF VISCOELASTIC AND RELAXATION PROPERTIES OF HYBRID POLYMER SYSTEMS BY FINITE ELEMENT METHOD 896
1. INTRODUCTION. 896
2. MODELINNG ONE…DIMENSION STRUCTURE OF POLYMER SYSTEM. 896
3. GEOMETRICAL MODEL OF MACROMOLECULAR FRAGMENT 897
4. GEOMETRICAL MODEL OF HYBRID POLYMER STRUCTURE SYSTEM 897
5. CALCULATION AND DISCUSSION 898
REFERENCES 898
CHAPTER 353. THE ROLE OF MOLECULAR CLUSTERS IN GLASS TRANSITION PHENOMENON 899
REFERENCES 899
CHAPTER 354. EXPERIMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SETTING OF CELLULAR CONCRETE 900
1. INTRODUCTION 900
2. EXPERIMENTAL DEVICE 900
3. MEASUREMENTS AND INTERPRETATION 900
REFERENCES 900
CHAPTER 355. THE COEXISTENCE OF TWO RELAXATION STATES NEAR THE GLASS-RUBBER TRANSITION 901
1. INTRODUCTION 901
2. THEORY 901
3. RESULTS 901
CHAPTER 356. RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF BITUMINOUS CONCRETE 902
I. INTRODUCTION 902
II FAILURE CRITERION 902
Ill CONCLUSION 902
REFERENCES 902
CHAPTER 357. STRESS-STRAIN AND RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF HETEROPHASE POLYMERS IN ACTIVE LIQUID MEDIA 903
1. INTRODUCTION 903
REFERENCES 903
CHAPTER 358. EFFECT OF POLYMER CONCENTRATION ON TORSIONAL FAILURE OF GELS 904
1. INTRODUCTION 904
2. METHODS 904
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 904
REFERENCES 904
CHAPTER 359. A RHEOLOGICAL APPROACH TO SILO DESIGN 905
1. INTRODUCTION. 905
2.EXPERIMENTS 905
3. CONCLUSIONS 905
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. 905
CHAPTER 360. EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF POWDERS 906
1. INTRODUCTION 906
2. EXPERIMENTAL EQUIPMENT 906
3. TYPICAL RESULTS 906
4. CONCLUSION 906
5. REFERENCES 906
CHAPTER 361. STRESS RELAXATION OF PREFORMED RUBBER SEALS OF TUNNEL LINING 907
1. INTRODUCTION 907
2. STRESS RELAXATION MEASUREMENTS 907
3. INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE 907
REFERENCES 907
CHAPTER 362. ANISOTROPIC BEHAVIOR OF OAK WOOD UNDER CONFINING PRESSURE 908
1. INTRODUCTION 908
2. THEORETICAL SETTING 908
3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 908
4. CONCLUSION 908
REFERENCE 908
CHAPTER 363. WELD LINES AND THE FATIGUE LIFE OF PLASTIC PIPES 909
1. INTRODUCTION 909
2. EXPERIMENTAL 909
CHAPTER 364. DEVELOPMENT OF A CONSTITUTIVE ELASTOPLASTIC MODEL FOR SOIL 910
1-INTRODUCTION 910
2-PRESENTATION OF THE MODEL 910
3- VALIDATION OF THE MODEL 910
REFERENCES 910
CHAPTER 365. ANALYSIS OF QUASISTATICAL BOUNDARY PROBLEMS IN SOLIDS MECHANICS OF 911
REFERENCES 911
CHAPTER 366. ON THE CALCULATION OF CYCLIC THERMO-PLASTIC STRESS PROBLEMS 912
1. INTRODUCTION 912
2. ABOUT THE PROBLEM 912
3. INVESTIGATED PROBLEM 912
CHAPTER 367. RHEOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY OF "DRY WATER" (PVAL GEL PREPARED IN LOW TEMPERATURE) 913
1. INTRODUCTION 913
2. PREPARATION OF THE DRY WATER 913
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 913
4. CONCLUSION 913
REFERENCES 913
CHAPTER 368. A MODEL FOR THE BENDING OF VISCOELASTIC THIN PLATE ON THE FOUNDATION 914
PART XVII: CONTRIBUTED PAPERS COMPOSITE MATERIALS 915
CHAPTER 369. FIBER ORIENTATION IN EXTRUDED TUBES AND INJECTION MOLDED DISK WITH SHORT FIBER REINFORCED THERMOPLASTICS 917
1. INTRODUCTION 917
2. NUMERICAL SIMULATION 917
3. RESULTS AND COMPARISON WITH EXPERIMENTS 918
4. CONCLUSIONS 919
REFERENCES 919
CHAPTER 370. THE CHARACTERIZATION OF SHEAR FLOW IN DISCONTINUOUS FIBRE FILLED THERMOPLASTIC COMPOUNDS. 920
1. Abstract 920
2. Introduction 920
3. Materials 920
4. Experimental Results 921
5. Discussion and Conclusions 921
References 922
CHAPTER 371. VISUALISATION STUDIES OF CONTRACTION FLOW OF FIBRE FILLED POLYPROPYLENE 923
1. INTRODUCTION 923
2. EXPERIMENT 923
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 924
4. CONCLUSIONS 925
REFERENCES 925
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 925
CHAPTER 372. Entry Flow of Dilute Fiber Suspensions 926
1. INTRODUCTION 926
2. BASIC THEORY AND NUMERICAL PROCEDURE 926
3. EXPERIMENTAL 926
4. CHANGE OF THE FLOW PATTERNS 927
5. STRESS DISTRIBUTIONS 927
6. CONCLUDING REMARKS 928
REFERENCES 928
CHAPTER 373. POLYMER CONFIGURATION DURING FLOW THROUGH A FIXED BED OF FIBERS 929
REFERENCES 931
CHAPTER 374. A CONSTITUTIVE EQUATION FOR SEMICONCENTRATED FIBRE SUSPENSIONS IN A VISCOELASTIC FLUID 932
1. INTRODUCTION 932
2. CONSTITUTIVE EQUATION 932
3. MATERIAL FUNCTIONS 934
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 934
REFERENCES 934
CHAPTER 375. RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR OF POLYMER COMPOSITES WITH MINERAL FILLERS 935
1. INTRODUCTION 935
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 935
3. CONTINUOUS SPECTRA 936
4. ANALYSIS OF SPECTRA 937
REFERENCES 937
CHAPTER 376. DYNAMIC RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF GLASS FIBER SUSPENSIONS 938
1. INTRODUCTION 938
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 938
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 938
4. CONCLUSION 940
Acknowledgments 940
REFERENCES 940
CHAPTER 377. RHEOLOGY OF FIBER AND PARTICLE REINFORCED POLYMERS 941
1. INTRODUCTION 941
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 941
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 941
4. CONCLUDING REMARKS 943
Acknowledgments: 943
REFERENCES 943
CHAPTER 378. Modeling of the Flow of Thermoplastics into Fiber Tows 944
1. INTRODUCTION 944
2. RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES 944
3. NUMERICAL MODEL 944
4. RESULTS 945
5. CONCLUSIONS 946
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 946
REFERENCES 946
CHAPTER 379. THE RHEOLOGY OF FIBRE-FILLED CERAMIC PASTES 947
1. INTRODUCTION 947
2. APPARATUS 947
3. PASTES 948
4. RESULTS 948
5. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 948
REFERENCES 949
CHAPTER 380. CHEMORHEOLOGY AND CURING KINETICS OF TOUGHENED EPOXY MATRICES FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPOSITES 950
1. INTRODUCTION 950
2. EXPERIMENTAL 950
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 950
REFERENCES 952
CHAPTER 381. RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF COLLIMATED FIBER THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS 953
Motivation 953
Micromechanics Analysis 953
Fiber Array Geometric Relations 953
Effective Viscosities of an Oriented fiber Assembly Newtonian Matrix Fluids 953
Shearing Viscosities, n12 and n23 954
Transverse Elongational Viscosity, n22 954
Power-Law Matrix Fluids 954
Carreau Model Matrix Fluids 954
Comparison of Predicted Viscosities to Experimentally Obtained Data 954
References 954
CHAPTER 382. A Coupled Solution for the Fiber Orientation and Rheology of Non-Dilute Short Fiber Suspensions in Radial Flow 956
Introduction 956
Previous Work 956
Theory 956
Numerical Simulation 957
Results 957
Summary and Conclusions 958
References 958
CHAPTER 383. INTERFACE/INTERPHASE IN (DGEBA-DDA) - GLASS BEADS COMPOSITES 959
1. INTRODUCTION 959
2. RESULTS 959
3. REFERENCES 959
CHAPTER 384. Aligned, Short-Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials 960
References 960
CHAPTER 385. LOW TEMPERATURE RETARDATION MODES IN TGDDM-DDS CARBON FIBERS COMPOSITES 961
1. INTRODUCTION 961
2. MATERIALS 961
3. RESULTS 961
4. REFERENCES 961
CHAPTER 386. MAGNETOELECTRICAL EFFECT IN COMPOSITES WITH PERIODIC STRUCTURE 962
REFERENCES 962
CHAPTER 387. DYNAMIC IMPACT BEHAVIOUR OF SANDWICH COMPOSITE PANELS 963
1. INTRODUCTION 963
2. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 963
3. CONCLUSIONS 963
4. REFERENCES 963
CHAPTER 388. A ENDOCHRONIC CONSTITUTIVE LAW FOR DAMAGED AND AGED HIGHLY FILLED POLYMERS 964
1. INTRODUCTION 964
2. THE CONSTITUTIVE LAW 964
3. APPLICATION 964
4. SIMPLE CONCLUSION 964
REFERENCES 964
CHAPTER 389. THE MOLECULAR MOTION OF PAN FIBRE DURING PRE-OXIDATION 965
1. INTRODUCTION 965
2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 965
REFERENCES 965
PART XVIII: CONTRIBUTED PAPERS RHEOMETRY AND EXPERIMENTAL METHODS 967
CHAPTER 390. LINEAR AND NON-LINEAR PROPERTIES OF THKOTROPIC GELS UNDER SHEARING 969
1. INTRODUCTION 969
2,RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 969
3. CONCLUSION 971
REFERENCES 971
CHAPTER 391. POLARIZATION MODULATED LASER RAMAN SCATTERING 972
1.0 INTRODUCTION 972
2.0 THEORY 972
3.0 EXPERIMENTAL 973
4.0 RESULTS 974
5.0 REFERENCES 974
CHAPTER 392. INTERRELATION BETWEEN DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS RELAXATION SPECTRA 975
1. INTRODUCTION 975
2. INTERRELATION BETWEEN DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS SPECTRA 976
3. CASE STUDY: DISCRETIZING SMOOTH RELAXATION TIME SPECTRA 976
4. CONCLUSIONS 977
REFERENCES 977
CHAPTER 393. HELICAL FLOW OF HERSCHEL BULKLEY FLUIDS 978
INTRODUCTION 978
MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION 978
RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS 979
REFERENCE 980
CHAPTER 394. VISCOSITY MEASUREMENT OF LIQUIDS DINAL VIBRATIONS IN THE PIPE IN PIPE FLOW BY FORCED LONGITUWALL ON A FINITE LENGTH 981
1. INTRODUCTION 981
2. VELOCITY AND SHEAR STRESS OF THE FLUID INSIDE AN AXIALLY VIBRATING PIPE 981
3. MEASURING VISCOSITY BY LONGITUDINAL VIBRATIONS 982
4. MECANICAL CONSTRUCTION 982
5. ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS 982
6. EXPERIMENTAL 982
7. CONCLUSIONS 983
REFERENCE 983
CHAPTER 395. THE CALIBRATION OF COAXIAL CYLINDER VISCOMETERS FOR NEWTONIAN AND NON-NEWTONIAN VISCOSITY MEASUREMENT 984
1. INTRODUCTION 984
2. NEWTONIAN V I S C O S I TY MEASUREMENT 984
3. NON-NEWTONIAN VISCOSITY MEASUREMENT 984
4. CONCLUSION 985
REFERENCES 985
CHAPTER 396. LUBRICATED FLOW POLYMER MELT ELONGATIONAL RHEOMETRY 986
INTRODUCTION 986
BACKGROUND 986
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 987
REFERENCES 987
CHAPTER 397. SHEAR RHEOMETRY OF PDMS. MASTER CURVES AND TESTING OF GLEISSLE AND YAMAMOTO RELATIONS 989
1. INTRODUCTION 989
2. THE MEANS USED 989
3. THE RESULTS OBTAINED 989
4. YAMAMOTO AND GLEISSLE RELATIONS 990
5. MASTER CURVES 991
6. CONCLUSION 991
REFERENCES 991
CHAPTER 398. Determination of Line Spectra from Experimental Responses 992
1. INTRODUCTION 992
2. METHOD 992
3. RESULTS 992
4. CONCLUSION 993
REFERENCES 994
CHAPTER 399. STUDY OF FLOW-INDUCED FRACTIONATION IN CIS-POLYISOPRENE MELTS NORMAL-MODE MICRO-DIELECTROMETRY 995
SYNOPSIS 995
CHAPTER 400. A RHEOMETER FOR MEASURING COMPLEX VISCOSITY DOWN TO 1 500 KHz. mPa.s AND FROM 100 TO 500 KHz 996
1. INTRODUCTION 996
2. METHOD 996
3. IMPROVEMENTS 996
4. RESULTS 998
REFERENCES 998
CHAPTER 401. A NEW SHEAR-ELONGATIONAL VISCOMETER 999
1.INTRODUCTION 999
2.EXPERIMENTAL ARRANGEMENT 999
3.EXPERIMENTS 1000
REFERENCES 1001
CHAPTER 402. NEW ULTRASONIC METHOD FOR ON-LINE CHARACTERIZATION 1002
1. INTRODUCTION 1002
2. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS 1003
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1003
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 1004
REFERENCES 1004
CHAPTER 403. CONTRACTION AND EXPANSION FLOW OF A VISCOELASTIC PLASTIC MEDIUM 1005
1. INTRODUCTION 1005
2. EXPERIMENTAL 1005
3. THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS 1005
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 1006
REFERENCES 1007
CHAPTER 404. THE MEASUREMENT AND PREDICTION OF SURFACE SHEAR STRESS INDUCED BY NEWTONIAN AND NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS 1008
1. INTRODUCTION 1008
2. EXPERIMENTAL WORK 1008
3. FLOW CALCULATIONS 1009
4. CONCLUSIONS 1010
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1010
REFERENCES 1010
CHAPTER 405. CENTERING ERRORS IN ANNULAR FLOW 1011
1. INTRODUCTION 1011
2. CENTERING ERROR FOR NEWTONIANS 1011
3. ERROR FOR POWER-LAW FLUIDS 1011
4. NON-PARALLELISM ERRORS 1012
5. EXPERIMENTAL 1012
6. CONCLUSIONS 1013
REFERENCES 1013
CHAPTER 406. NON-LINEAR BAGLEY PLOTS WITH FILLED RUBBER COMPOUNDS 1014
1. INTRODUCTION 1014
2. EXPERIMENTAL 1014
3. DISCUSSION 1015
REFERENCES 1016
CHAPTER 407. VANE TECHNIQUE FOR SHEAR-SENSITIVE AND WALL-SLIPPING FLUIDS 1017
1. INTRODUCTION 1017
2. METHODS 1017
3. ELASTIC RESPONSE 1018
4. YIELD STRESS t0 1019
REFERENCES 1019
CHAPTER 408. A NEW ELONGATIONAL RHEOMETER FOR POLYMER MELTS AND OTHER HIGHLY VISCOELASTIC LIQUIDS 1020
CHAPTER 409. THE EFFECT OF POLYMER MELT COMPRESSIBILITY ON CAPILLARY RHEOMETRY 1022
1. INTRODUCTION 1022
2. MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION 1022
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 1023
4. CONCLUSION 1024
REFERENCES 1024
CHAPTER 410. DYNAMIC BIREFRINGENCE AS A TOOL FOR STUDYING POLYMER VISCOELASTICITY 1025
1. INTRODUCTION 1025
2. EXPERIMENTAL 1026
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1026
REFERENCES 1027
CHAPTER 411. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING AS A TOOL FOR RHEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION 1028
INTRODUCTION 1028
EXPERIMENTAL 1028
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1028
CONCLUSIONS 1029
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1029
REFERENCES 1029
CHAPTER 412. DETERMINATION OF MECHANICAL RELAXATION SPECTRA OF CONCENTRATED COLLOIDAL DISPERSIONS BY HIGH FREQUENCY RHEOMETRY 1031
1. INTRODUCTION 1031
2. THEORETICAL 1031
3. DETERMINATION OF . AND x. BY THE VIRTUAL GAP TECHNIQUE 1031
4. SIMULTANEOUS MULTIPLE FREQUENCY TESTING 1032
5. EXPERIMENTAL 1032
6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1033
REFERENCES 1033
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1033
CHAPTER 413. Squeezing Flow Properties of Polymer Melts Measured at Constant Plate Velocity 1034
1. INTRODUCTION 1034
2. EXPERIMENTAL 1034
3. THEORY 1035
4. RESULTS 1035
5. NORMAL STRESS EFFECTS 1036
6. CONCLUSIONS 1036
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1036
REFERENCES 1036
CHAPTER 414. MEASUREMENT OF ELONGATIONAL VISCOSITY OF POLYMER MELTS AT HIGH ELONGATION RATES 1037
1. INTRODUCTION 1037
2. THE APPARATUS 1037
3. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF EVALUATION 1038
4. EXPERIMENTAL 1039
5. CONCLUSIONS 1039
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1039
REFERENCES 1039
CHAPTER 415. AUTO-AND CHAOTIC OSCILLATIONS IN RHEOMETRY 1040
REFERENCES 1040
CHAPTER 416. SELF-SIMILAR RELAXATION OF NEARLY MONODISPERSE POLYBUTADIENES 1041
1. INTRODUCTION 1041
2. METHODS 1041
3. RESULTS 1041
4. CONCLUSION 1041
REFERENCES 1041
CHAPTER 417. RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIOUS P(S-b-MMA) BLOCK COPOLYMERS 1042
1. INTRODUCTION 1042
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 1042
3. RESULTS 1042
4. DISCUSSION 1042
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1042
CHAPTER 418. THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE PRIMARY VISCOSITY STANDARD AND THE REREALIZATION OF VISCOSITY VALUE 1043
1. INTRODUCTION 1043
2. THE TECHNICAL IMPROVEMENT 1043
3. RE-REALIZING OF THE VISCOSITY VALUE 1043
4. EVIDENCE OF THE UNCERTAINTY 1043
CHAPTER 419. CHEMORHEOLOGY OF CROSSLINKING WATER-SOLUBLE GLACTOMANNAN POLYMERS WITH METAL IONS 1044
1. INTRODUCTION 1044
2. METHODS 1044
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1044
REFERENCES 1044
CHAPTER 420. WEISSENBERG EFFECT OF A POLYISOBUTYLENE/DECALINE SOLUTION IN SLOW FLOWS. CORRELATION WITH THE NORMAL STRESS COEFFICIENTS 1045
1. INTRODUCTION 1045
2. EXPERIMENTAL 1045
3. RESULTS 1045
REFERENCES 1045
CHAPTER 421. Data analysis in rheology 1046
1. INTRODUCTION 1046
2. MASTERCURVES 1046
3. A NONLINEAR REGULARIZATION METHOD 1046
4. TEST OF THE ERROR MODEL 1046
REFERENCES 1046
CHAPTER 422. RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF KAPPA-CARRAGEENANS IN THE VICINITY OF SOL-GEL TRANSITION 1047
1. INTRODUCTION 1047
2. MATERIALS & METHODS
3. RESULTS & DISCUSSION
REFERENCES 1047
CHAPTER 423. MEASUREMENT OF THE FIRST NORMAL STRESS DIFFERENCE AND THE ELONGATIONAL STRESS OF POLYMER AND SURFACTANT SOLUTIONS 1048
1. EXPERIlVffiNTATION 1048
2. RESULT 1048
CHAPTER 424. Influence of Contraction Ratio and the Upper Wall on the Abruptly Converging Flow of Viscoelastic Fluid 1049
1. INTRODUCTION 1049
2. EXPERIMENT 1049
3. RESULTS 1049
REFERENCES 1049
CHAPTER 425. A NEW METHOD FOR MEASUREMENT OF HIGH VISCOSITIES USING AN OPTICAL INTERFEROMETER 1050
CHAPTER 426. VELOCITY PROFILES USING MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING 1051
1. INTRODUCTION 1051
2. METHOD 1051
3. RESULTS 1051
CHAPTER 427. FLOW INDUCED PHASE TRANSITIONS IN A PS/PVME BLEND 1052
CHAPTER 428. MOLECULAR COMFORMATION OF POLYSACCHARIDES VERSUS TEMPERATURE AS ANALYZED BY RHEOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS 1053
Experimental 1053
Results and Discussion: 1053
CHAPTER 429. CORRELATION OF FUNDAMENTAL RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CEMENT PASTES AND MORTARS 1054
1. INTRODUCTION 1054
2. PROCEDURES 1054
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1054
REFERENCES 1054
CHAPTER 430. TURBULENT DRAG REDUCTION BY ADDITIVE OF KONJAKU SOLUTION IN TUBE FLOW 1055
CHAPTER 431. CAPILLARY INSTABILITY ON VISCOELASTIC LIQUID JETS AND ELONGATIONAL PROPERTIES OF POLYMER SOLUTIONS 1056
1. INTRODUCTION 1056
2. EXPERIMENTAL 1056
3. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 1056
REFERENCES 1056
CHAPTER 432. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON YIELD STRESS OF CRUDE OILS 1057
1. INTRODUCTION 1057
2. YIELD DEVICE DESIGN 1057
4. DEPENDENCES OF YIELD STRESS 1057
5. CONCLUSIONS 1057
REFERENCE 1057
CHAPTER 433. Rheological Properties of Waxy Crude Oils in Pipelines 1058
PART XIX: CONTRIBUTED PAPERS INSTRUMENTATION 1059
CHAPTER 434. Application of Rheometric Techniques to Processing 1061
1. INTRODUCTION 1061
2. METHOD 1061
3. RESULTS 1061
4. CONCLUSION 1063
REFERENCES 1063
CHAPTER 435. Importance of inertia correction for controlled stress rheometers 1064
1. INTRODUCTION 1064
2. THEORY 1064
3. EFFECTS OF INERTIA IN DYNAMIC TESTS 1065
4. INERTIA CORRECTION IN STRESS RAMPS (THIXOTROPIC LOOPS) 1065
5. CORRECTION OF INERTIA IN MULTISTEP STRESS EXPERIMENTS 1066
6. CONCLUSION 1066
REFERENCES 1066
CHAPTER 436. A HIGH PRESSURE FALLING NEEDLE VISCOMETER 1067
1. INTRODUCTION 1067
2. THE FALLING NEEDLE VISCOMETER 1067
3. HIGH PRESSURE VISCOSITY MEASUREMENTS 1068
4. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 1069
REFERENCES 1069
CHAPTER 437. DYNAMIC TECHNIQUES - IDEAL TEST METHODS FOR MEASURING THE CHANGE IN RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES 1070
1. INTRODUCTION 1070
2. METHODS 1070
3. PRACTICAL APPLICATION . 1070
REFERENCES 1070
CHAPTER 438. TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS IN HIGH PRESSURE CAPILLARY RHEOMETRY 1071
1 INTRODUCTION 1071
2 AUTOMATIC CORRECTION OF ELASTIC ENTRY AND EXIT PRESSURE LOSSES IN HIGH PRESSURE CAPILLARY RHEOMETRY 1072
3 MEASURING PVT-DIAGRAMS IN HIGH PRESSURE CAPILLARY RHEOMETRY 1073
REFERENCES 1073
CHAPTER 439. TWO NEW RHEOLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS DEVELOPED BY ZWICK 1074
1. INTRODUCTION 1074
2. 4106 EXTRUSION PLASTOMETER 1074
3. 4107 AUTOMATIC CAPILLARY RHEOMETER 1075
4. CONCLUSION 1076
CHAPTER 440. WHAT IS A GEL? 1077
1. INTRODUCTION 1077
2. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 1077
3. RESULTS 1078
4. CONCLUSION 1078
CHAPTER 441. pvT Behavior of Polymers - Measurement Technique, Recent Results 1079
1 USE OF PVT DATA 1079
2 MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE 1079
3 MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES 1080
4 MEASUREMENT RESULTS 1080
5 REFERENCES 1081
CHAPTER 442. RELATIONS BETWEEN THE COMPOSITIONS OF BITUMENS AND THEIR RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES 1082
1/ INTRODUCTION. 1082
2/ CHEMICAL COMPOSITION IN FOUR GENERIC FAMILIES (refs. 5-6). 1082
3/ RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS 1082
4/ QUALITATIVE ASPECT 1083
5/ CORRELATION BETWEEN COMPOSITION AND RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES 1083
6/ CONCLUSIONS 1084
CHAPTER 443. Measuring yield points by controlled strain oscillation 1085
1. Abstract 1085
2. Introduction 1085
3. Experimental 1085
REFERENCES 1086
CHAPTER 444. A NEW RHEOMETER FOR DEMANDING INVESTIGATIONS OF VISCOELASTIC SUBSTANCES 1087
1. INTRODUCTION 1087
2. LS40 IDEA AND CONCEPT 1087
3. APPLICATIONS 1088
CHAPTER 445. COMPARISON OF ROTATIONAL VISCOMETRY AND OSCILLATORY RHEOMETRY APPLIED TO STRUCTURE DETERMINATION OF POLYMER BLENDS 1090
1. INTRODUCTION 1090
2. THEORY 1090
3. Experimental 1091
4. Results & Discussions
CHAPTER 446. STANDARD VISCOMETER FOR ABSOLUTE VISCOSITY MEASUREMENT 1093
1. INTRODUCTION 1093
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE VISCOMETER 1093
A COMPARISON OF EXTENSIONAL RHEOMETERS 1094
Acknowledgements 1094
References: 1094
CHAPTER 447. A METHOD FOR EXTREMELY RAPID MEASUREMENT OF COMPLEX VISCOELASTIC PARAMETERS FOR THE STUDY OF RADIATION CURING MATERIALS 1095
1. INTRODUCTION 1095
2. METHODS 1095
3. RESULTS 1095
REFERENCE 1095
CHAPTER 448. DYNVIMETER - A NEW PROCESSVISCOMETER FOR VISCOELASTIC PRODUCTS 1096
1. INTRODUCTION 1096
2. PRINCIPLE 1096
3. CONSTRUCTION 1096
4. AN APPLICATION 1096
REFERENCES 1096
CHAPTER 449. DESIGN OF AN ON LINE CAPILLARY VISCOELASTOMETER AHEAD OF A COOKER- EXTRUDER 1097
1. INTRODUCTION 1097
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 1097
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1097
4. CONCLUSION 1097
REFERENCES 1097
CHAPTER 450. RHEOMETER AIDED MIDGET MOLDER RHEOMETERS AN OPTIONAL DEVICE FOR HIGH PRESSURE CAPILLARY 1098
CHAPTER 451. CONTROLLED STRESS RHEOMETER FOR MEASURING THE SHEAR DEFORMATION AND SHEAR FLOW BEHAVIOR OF FLUID DISPERSIONS NEAR THE YIELD POINT 1099
1. INTRODUCTION 1099
2. THE APPARATUS 1099
3. CALIBRATION 1099
4. CONCLUSION 1099
CHAPTER 452. Development and Application of Apparatus for Viscoelastic Measurement of Direction Perpendicular to Film Surface by Ultrasonic Wave 1100
1. INTRODUCTION 1100
2. APPARATUS 1100
3. VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES OF PET FILMS 1100
1. INTRODUCTION 1101
2. DATA ACQUISITION HARDWARE 1101
3. DATA ANALYSIS 1101
4. RESULTS 1101
REFERENCES 1101
CHAPTER 453. THERMODYNAMICS OF BKZ FLUIDS ALLOWING OTHER PROCESSES 1102
1. INTRODUCTION 1102
2. BKZ ENTROPY PRODUCTION 1102
3. ADDITIONAL PROCESSES 1102
4. CONCLUDING REMARKS 1102
REFERENCES 1102
AUTHOR INDEX 1103