Physics of Semiconductor Lasers (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Physics of Semiconductor Lasers 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
1. Preface 10
Chapter 2. Physical Principles of the Operation of Semiconductor Lasers 12
2.1 Recombination Processes Occurring in Semiconductors 12
2.2 Effect of Dopants on the Band Structure 21
2.3 Many-Body Interactions 30
2.4 Stimulated Emission and Gain 32
2.5 Optical Matrix Element Calculation of the Absorption and Emission Spectra
2.6 Threshold Condition. Spectral Gain Distribution 41
2.7 Gain Saturation 47
2.8 Carrier Transport in Heterojunctions 51
2.9 Carrier Confinement in Heterostructures 65
References 68
Chapter 3. Basic Techniques for Fabricating Semiconductor Lasers 71
3.1 Semiconductor Materials 74
3.2 Methods of Fabricating Semiconductor Structures 90
References 105
Chapter 4. The Design and Basic Characteristics of Semiconductor Lasers 108
4.1 Fabry–Perot Cavity Lasers 108
4.2 Distributed Feedback Lasers 157
4.3 Quantum Well Lasers 178
References 194
Chapter 5. Review of the Structures and Properties of Fabry–Perot Cavity Junction Lasers 200
5.1 Discrete Junction Lasers General Considerations
5.2 Discrete Stripe Junction Lasers Selected Topics
5.3 Semiconductor Laser Arrays 291
5.4 Surface Emitting Lasers 326
References 338
Chapter 6. Structures of Distributed Feedback Lasers 349
6.1 DFB Lasers 350
6.2 GC Lasers 357
6.3 DBR Lasers 359
6.4 Technology of Periodic Structures 363
References 338
Chapter 7. Dynamic Properties of Junction Lasers and Methods for Improving Their Frequency Discrimination 367
7.1 Rate Equations 367
7.2 Switch-on Effects 369
7.3 Relaxation Oscillations 371
7.4 Self-Sustained Pulsations 374
7.5 Linewidth 376
7.6 Noise 378
7.7 Modulation 384
7.8 External Cavity Lasers 387
7.9 Coupled-Cavity Lasers 390
7.10 Injection Locking 394
References 397
Chapter 8. Thermal Effects Occurring in Semiconductor Lasers 401
8.1 Distribution of Heat Sources in a Junction Laser 401
8.2 Heat Conduction Equation 404
8.3 Thermal Resistance of the Heat Sink 405
8.4 Thermal Parameters 406
8.5 Comparison between the cw and Pulsed Operations of Junction Lasers 409
8.6 Thermal Properties of Junction Lasers Operating cw 410
8.7 Thermal Properties of Junction Lasers Under Pulsed Conditions 417
8.8 Thermal Properties of Junction Laser Arrays 420
8.9 Method for Controlling the Manufacture Quality of Junction Lasers Based on Their Thermal Properties 422
References 422
Chapter 9. Principles of Modelling the Physical Phenomena in Junction Lasers 425
9.1 Modelling the Electrical Phenomena 425
9.2 Modelling Optical Phenomena 429
9.3 Calculation Procedure 433
References 435
Chapter 10. Reliability of LEDs and Junction Lasers 437
10.1 Degradation of the Resonator Facets in a Junction Laser 439
10.2 Degradation of the Contacts 445
10.3 Bulk Degradation of the Material 448
10.4 Methods for Accelerated Ageing of Junction Lasers and LEDs 458
References 461
List of Abbreviations 464
Subject Index 467
List of Main Symbols 472