Interfacial Transport Processes and Rheology (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Interfacial Transport Processes and Rheology 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Preface 14
PART: I INTERFACIAL RHEOLOGY: BASIC THEORY, MEASUREMENTS & APPLICATIONS
CHAPTER 1. Interfacial Rheology and Its Applications 22
1.1 Historical Review 23
1.2 Surfactants 27
1.3 Colloidal Dispersions 30
1.4 Interfacial Hydrodynamics in Engineering Processes 30
1.5 Summary 36
CHAPTER 2. Basic Properties of Interfacial Rheology 40
2.1 Interfacial Tension 41
2.2 Dynamic Interfacial Properties 44
2.3 Interfacial Shear Viscosity 46
2.4 Interfacial- Tension Gradient 49
2.5 Interfacial Dilatational Viscosity 52
2.6 Summary 54
CHAPTER 3. Interfacial Transport Processes 60
3.1 The Macroscale View of a Fluid Interface 61
3.2 Interfacial Geometry 63
3.3 Interfacial Statics 67
3.4 Interfacial Kinematics 72
3.5 The Generic Balance Equation in Continuous Three-Dimensional Media 80
3.6 The Generic Volumetric Transport Equation in Discontinuous Three-Dimensional Media and the Generic Surface- Excess Transport Law 85
3.7 Examples 94
3.8 Summary 101
CHAPTER 4. Interfacial Transport of Momentum 116
4.1 The Equations of Mass and Momentum Transport in Continuous Three-Dimensional Media 117
4.2 The Equations of Interfacial Mass and Momentum Transport 124
4.3 Non-Newtonian Interfacial Rheological Behavior 134
4.4 Examples 140
4.5 Summary 168
CHAPTER 5. Interfacial Transport of Species 180
5.1 The Equations of Species Transport in Continuous Three-Dimensional Media 181
5.2 The Equations of Interfacial Species Transport 184
5.3 Adsorption Kinetics 187
5.4 Adsorption- or Diffusion-Controlled Surfactant Transport to and from the Interface 189
5.5 The Surface Equation of State 190
5.6 Examples 192
5.7 Summary 204
CHAPTER 6. Measurement of Dynamic Interfacial Tension and Dilatational Elasticity 212
6.1 Oscillating Jet Method 213
6.2 Surface Wave Methods 215
6.3 Maximum Bubble Pressure Method 221
6.4 Oscillating Bubble Method 223
6.5 Langmuir Trough Method 224
6.6 Falling Meniscus Method 225
6.7 Pulsed Drop Method 227
6.8 Summary 228
CHAPTER 7. Measurement of Interfacial Shear Viscosity 232
7.1 Canal Surface Viscometers: The Deep-Channel Surface Viscometer 233
7.2 Disk Surface Viscometers 237
7.3 Knife Edge Surface Viscometers 239
7.4 Summary 244
CHAPTER 8. Measurement of Interfacial Dilatational Viscosity 248
8.1 Surface Wave Methods 249
8.2 Droplet Deformational Methods 252
8.3 The Maximum Bubble Pressure Method 258
8.4 Summary 260
CHAPTER 9. Measurement of Non-Newtonian Interfacial Rheological Properties 264
9.1 Nonlinear Interfacial Rheological Behavior 264
9.2 Viscoelastic Interfacial Rheological Behavior 270
9.3 Viscoplastic Interfacial Rheological Behavior 276
9.4 Summary 279
CHAPTER 10. Interfacial Stability 284
10.1 Nanna! Mode Interfacial Stability Analysis 285
10.2 The Stability of Superposed Fluids 286
10.3 Rayleigh Instability 287
10.4 Interfacial Turbulence 292
10.5 Benard Instability 295
10.6 Summary 297
CHAPTER 11. Thin Liquid Film Hydrodynamics 300
11.1 Geometrical Aspects of Thin Liquid Films 303
11.2 Hydrostatics of Thin Liquid Films: The Disjoining Pressure Model 306
11.3 Hydrodynamics of Thin Liquid Films 309
11.4 Summary 319
CHAPTER 12. Thin Liquid Film Stability 324
12.1 The Body Force Model 324
12.2 The Stability of a Thin Film upon a Solid Surface 329
12.3 Summary 338
CHAPTER 13. Emulsion and Foam Stability 342
13.1 Experimental Studies of Emulsion Stability 343
13.2 Experimental Studies of Foam Stability 347
13.3 Interfacial Rheology in Enhanced Oil Recovery Processes 351
13.4 Summary 354
CHAPTER 14. Foam Rheology 358
14.1 Geometrical Models 359
14.2 Kinematics of Spatially-Periodic Foam Media 366
14.3 Foam Dynamics and Rheological Properties 371
14.4 Summary 383
PART II: MICROMECHANICAL THEORY OF INTERFACIAL TRANSPORT PROCESSES 388
CHAPTER 15. A Surface-Excess Theory of Interfacial Transport Processes 390
15.1 The Microscale View of a Fluid Intetface 391
15.2 Philosophy of the Microscale Interfacial Theory 394
15.3 Fictitious, Induced, Nonlocal Coordinate System 400
15.4 Kinematics 407
15.5 Singular Perturbation Analysis 411
15.6 Surface-Excess Properties 420
15.7 Generic Conservation Equations 433
15.8 Constitutive Equations 440
15.9 Summary 441
CHAPTER 16. Surface-Excess Transport of Momentum 454
16.1 Conservation of Mass and Linear Momentum 455
16.2 Conservation of Angular Momentum 458
16.3 A Constitutive Law for the Surface-Excess Pressure Tensor 460
16.4 A Microscale Example of an Expanding Surfactant-Adsorbed Bubble 469
16.5 Summary 471
CHAPTER 17. Surface-Excess Transport of Species 480
17.1 Conservation of Species 481
17.2 Derivation of the Surfactant Adsorption Isotherm, the Bulk-Phase Partitioning Relation, - Excess Species Flux Vector 482
17.3 Summary: Interfacial Boundary Conditions for Mass, Momentum and Species Surfactant and Nonmaterial Interfaces 492
17.4 Summary 494
CHAPTER 18. A Micromechanical Line-Excess Equilibrium Line Tension 498
18.1 Microscale Description 500
18.2 Asymptotic Analysis 504
18.3 Line-Excess Properties 507
18.4 Hydrostatics of a Curved Contact Line 512
18.5 Summary 513
APPENDIX : A 518
A.1 Basic Tensor Analysis Base Vectors 519
A.2 Polyadic Notation 525
A.3 Differential Operators in Orthogonal Curvilinear Coordinates 527
APPENDIX: B 530
B.l Surface Geometry in Semi-Orthogonal Curvilinear Coordinates 530
BIBLIOGRAPHY 542
AUTHOR INDEX 566
SUBJECT INDEX 572