Physics of Polymer Surfaces and Interfaces (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Physics of Polymer Surfaces and Interfaces 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Preface 10
Contributors 12
Chapter 1. Theoretical Methods for Polymer Surfaces and Interfaces 14
INTRODUCTION 14
CLASSICAL BINARY FLUID INTERFACES 17
NONCLASSICAL FLUID INTERFACES—FLUCTUATIONS 26
POLYMER INTERFACES—SQUARE-GRADIENT THEORY 28
FLUCTUATION EFFECTS ON POLYMER BLEND INTERFACES 32
SELF-CONSISTENT FIELD THEORY 33
OTHER TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS 35
CONCLUSION 37
Chapter 2. Density Functional Theories of Polymer Interfaces 42
INTRODUCTION 42
THEORY 44
CONCLUSION 64
Chapter 3. Mechanical Properties of Polymer Interfaces 68
INTRODUCTION 68
PARTIAL HEALING OF AN A/A INTERFACE 70
À/B INTERFACES 77
CONCLUSION 82
Chapter 4. Statistical Mechanics of Isolated Polymers at Surfaces 86
INTRODUCTION 86
POLYMER ADSORPTION AND RANDOM WALKS 88
SOLUTION USING MATRIX TECHNIQUES 93
THE CONTINUUM MODEL 96
SOLUTION USING TRAINS AND LOOPS 99
COMPUTER MODELING THE ISOLATED POLYMER PROBLEM 101
CONCLUSION 104
Chapter 5. Thermodynamics and Gradient Models of Polymer Interfaces 110
INTRODUCTION 110
THERMODYNAMICS 111
GRADIENT MODELS OF THE LIQUID/VAPOR INTERFACE 121
CONCLUSION 127
Chapter 6. Mean-Field Lattice Models of Polymers at Interfaces 130
INTRODUCTION 130
MEAN-FIELD LATTICE MODELS 132
CHAIN MOLECULES IN A POTENTIAL FIELD 132
SYSTEMS WITHOUT SOLVENT 137
ADSORPTION FROM SOLUTION 140
BRIDGING 147
CONCLUSION 148
Chapter 7. Molecular Modeling of Polymer Surfaces and Polymer/Solid Interfaces 152
INTRODUCTION 152
MODELS AND METHODS 154
RESULTS AND COMPARISON WITH EXPERIMENT 160
CONCLUSION 172
Chapter 8. Reflection of Neutrons for the Investigation of Polymer Interdiffusion at Interfaces 176
INTRODUCTION 176
REFLECTION OF PARTICLES AND WAVES 177
THE CONTRAST PROBLEM 183
ROUGHNESS AND SAMPLE REQUIREMENTS 185
DATA ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES 189
INITIAL STAGES OF POLYMER INTERDIFFUSION AT INTERFACES 193
CONCLUSION 207
Chapter 9. Forward Recoil Spectrometry of Polymer Interfaces 216
INTRODUCTION 216
FUNDAMENTALS OF FORWARD RECOIL SPECTROMETRY 217
QUANTITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS 221
DEPTH RESOLUTION 224
EXAMPLES 227
DIFFUSION 229
EQUILIBRIUM BEHAVIOR 232
TIME-OF-FLIGHT FRES 234
NUCLEAR REACTION ANALYSIS 235
CONCLUSION 237
Chapter 10. Dynamics of Adsorption and Desorption at Polymer/Solid Interfaces 240
INTRODUCTION 240
REASONS TO STUDY DYNAMICS AT SURFACES 241
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 242
EXPERIMENTAL METHODS OF STUDYING SURFACE DYNAMICS 244
TIME SCALES OF ADSORPTION AND DESORPTION 246
PENETRATION OF CHAINS INTO PREVIOUSLY ADSORBED LAYERS 250
TRAPPED NONEQUILIBRIUM STATES 251
CONCLUSION 253
Chapter 11. Scanning Angle Reflectometry 258
INTRODUCTION 258
SCANNING ANGLE REFLECTOMETRY 259
REFLECTIVITY CALCULATIONS 263
REFLECTIVITY FROM ADSORBED BLOCK COPOLYMER BRUSHES 268
CONCLUSIONS 273
Chapter 12. Polymer Monolayer Dynamics by Light Scattering 276
INTRODUCTION 276
SURFACE LIGHT-SCATTERING TECHNIQUE 278
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 289
Chapter 13. Photophysics of Polymers at Interfaces 298
INTRODUCTION 298
METHODS 301
RESULTS 306
CONCLUSION 317
Chapter 14. Molecular Assembly on Surfaces 322
PHYSICAL ADSORPTION 322
CHARACTERIZATION METHODS 326
CHEMICAL ADSORPTION 339
CONCLUSION 343
Index 346