Recent Progress in Microcalorimetry (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Recent Progress in Microcalorimetry 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
FOREWORD 10
INTRODUCTION 12
PART 1: APPARATUS AND MICROCALORIMETRIC METHODS 14
CHAPTER 1. DIFFERENT TYPES OF CALORIMETERS 16
1. THE SPECIAL FEATURES OF OUR MICROCALORIMETRIC APPARATUS 16
2. CLASSIFICATION OF CALORIMETERS 17
CHAPTER 2. THE MEASUREMENT OF THE HEAT FLOW BETWEEN THE CALORIMETER AND JACKET BOUNDARIES BY MEANS OF A THERMOELECTRIC PILE 25
1. SOME PRINCIPLES OF THERMOELECTRICITY 25
2. THE USE OF THERMOELECTRIC PILES AS THERMOMETERS 28
3. THE USE OF THERMOELECTRIC PILES FOR MEASURING CONSTANT FLOWS OF HEAT 29
4. THE CORRECT MEASUREMENT OF HEAT FLOW FROM A CALORIMETER CONTAINER 32
CHAPTER 3. CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF THE MICROCALORIMETER 34
1. DESCRIPTION OF THE "MICROCALORIMETRIC ELEMENT" 34
2. THE EXPERIMENTAL ZERO OF A CALORIMETER CONTAINING ONLY A SINGLE MICROCALORIMETRIC ELEMENT 37
3. THE DIFFERENTIAL ARRANGEMENT 38
4. TEMPERATURE CONSTANCY OF THE EXTERNAL BOUNDARY 39
CHAPTER 4. THEORY AND MANIPULATION OF THE APPARATUS 43
1. THE CASE OF SLOW PROCESSES 43
2. THE CASE OF RELATIVELY RAPID THERMAL PROCESSES 49
CHAPTER 5. CALIBRATION OF THE MICROCALORIMETER EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THE CONSTANTS OF THE APPARATUS 58
1. CALIBRATION OF THE GALVANOMETER DEVIATION: THE MEASUREMENT OF p/g 58
2. THE MEASUREMENT OF µ/g 60
3. THE MEASUREMENT OF THE PELTIER COEFFICIENT, P 61
4. MEASUREMENT OF THE COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL DISEQUILIBRIUM, D 61
CHAPTER 6. SENSITIVITY, REPRODUCIBILITY, AND PRECISION OF THE MICROCALORIMETER 63
1. THE SENSITIVITY OF THE MICROCALORIMETER 63
2. THE REPRODUCIBILITY OF THE APPARATUS 67
3. THE PRECISION OF MICROCALORIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS 70
PART 2: PHYSICO-CHEMICAL APPLICATIONS 72
INTRODUCTION 74
CHAPTER 7. PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS: SPECIFIC HEATS THERMAL DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS
1. THE MEASUREMENT OF SPECIFIC HEATS 76
2. THE MEASUREMENT OF THERMAL DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS, AND OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITIES 78
3. THE MEASUREMENT OF HEATS OF SOLUTION, DILUTION, MIXING, AND GELATINIZATION 80
CHAPTER 8. THERMOCHEMICAL MEASUREMENTS 85
1. GENERAL 85
2. APPLICATIONS 87
CHAPTER 9. THE MICROCALORIMETRY OF ADSORPTION PROCESSES 90
1. GENERAL 90
2. THE ADSORBENT IS INSOLUBLE IN THE SUBSTANCE ADSORBED 90
3. ADSORPTION OF SOLVENTS BY SOLUBLE SUBSTANCES 96
4. ADSORPTION BY MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES 99
CHAPTER 10. SOME MICROCALORIMETRIC STUDIES ON THE CHEMISTRY OF ALUMINA 102
1. STUDIES ON THE BAYER PRECIPITATION 102
2. STUDIES ON ALUMINA GELS 105
3. MICROCALORIMETRY OF '"ACTIVATED" ALUMINA 107
CHAPTER 11. MICROCALORIMETRY APPLIED TO THE CHEMISTRY OF CEMENTS 110
1. THE HYDRATION OF CALCIUM ALUMINATES 110
2. THE HYDRATION OF CALCIUM SILICATES 111
CHAPTER 12. MICROCALORIMETRY AT ELEVATED AND AT HIGH TEMPERATURES 113
1. DESCRIPTION OF THE MICROCALORIMETER FOR OPERATION AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES 113
2. METHOD OF USING THE APPARATUS 114
3. DEHYDRATION STUDIES 115
4. STUDIES IN CATALYSIS 116
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PARTS 1 AND 2 120
PART 3: BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 124
FOREWORD 126
CHAPTER 13. PLANT THERMOGENESIS 129
1. THERMOGRAMS OF GERMINATING SEEDS 129
2. INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON THERMOGENESIS 132
3. INFLUENCE OF A PRIOR DEHYDRATION OF THE SEEDS ON THE GERMINATION THERMOGENESIS 133
4. EFFECT OF THE AGING OF SEEDS: DORMANCY 134
5. EFFECTS OF SUBSTANCES DISSOLVED IN WATER 136
6. SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS APPEARING ON THERMOGRAMS 137
7. INFLUENCE OF ULTRA-SONIC VIBRATIONS ON GERMINATION THERMOGRAMS 138
8. GRADIENTS OF THERMOGENESIS IN PLANTS 139
CHAPTER 14. BACTERIAL THERMOGENESIS 142
1. THERMOGRAMS FROM A BACTERIAL CULTURE 142
2. EFFECTS OF ANTIBIOTICS 143
3. SPECIFICITY OF BACTERIAL THERMOGRAMS 144
4. THERMOGENESIS AS A MEANS OF IDENTIFICATION OF RESISTANT STRAINS 144
5. THE EVALUATION OF THE HEAT PRODUCED BY A SINGLE BACTERIUM 145
6. EFFECT OF BACTERIAL THERMOGENESIS ON THE GROWTH OF INFECTION CENTRES 145
7. THERMOGENESIS OF YEASTS, AND THE MICROCALORIMETRIC ANALYSIS OF FERMENTATION PROCESSES 146
8. VIRUS AND TISSUE CULTURES 146
CHAPTER 15. THERMOGENESIS OF ANIMALS OF VARIABLE BODY TEMPERATURE 147
1. THERMOGENESIS OF AN INSECT 147
2. VARIATIONS OF THERMOGENESIS DURING THE METAMOR-PHOSES OF AN INSECT 149
3. SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS OF INSECT THERMOGRAMS 150
4. MODIFICATIONS OF INSECT THERMOGENESIS BY PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL AGENTS 151
5. THERMOGRAMS OF MYRIAPODS AND OTHER INVERTEBRATES 154
6. THERMOGRAMS OF VERTEBRATES OF VARIABLE TEMPERATURE: REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS 154
CHAPTER 16. THERMOGENESIS OF HOMEOTHERMS 156
1. THERMOGRAMS OF YOUNG MICE 156
2. EFFECTS OF AGING ON THERMOGENESIS 158
3. EFFECTS OF THE SURROUNDING TEMPERATURE ON THERMOGENESIS 160
4. EFFECTS OF ANAESTHESIA ON THERMOGENESIS 163
5. MODIFICATIONS OF THERMOGENESIS BY CHLORPROMAZINE (LARGACTIL) 167
6. HIBERNATING MAMMALS 170
7. INFLUENCE OF CURARIZING DRUGS ON THERMOGENESIS 171
8. INFLUENCE OF SPASMOLYTIC DERIVATIVES OF PHENOTHIAZINE ON THERMOGENESIS 173
CHAPTER 17. COMPARISON OF THERMOGENETIC SOURCES 177
CONCLUSION 180
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PART 3 182
NAME INDEX 186
SUBJECT INDEX 188