Problems of the Biochemistry of the Nervous System (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Problems of the Biochemistry of the Nervous System 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
EDITORS' PREFACE 10
PREFACE 12
PART I: PROTEINS IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND THEIR CHANGES IN DIFFERENT FUNCTIONAL STATES 14
CHAPTER 1. PROTEINS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 16
METHOD 16
RESULTS 20
RATES OF PROTEIN TURNOVER IN NERVOUS TISSUE 23
RATE OF PROTEIN TURNOVER IN CEREBRAL TISSUES DURING EXCITATION 25
RATE OF PROTEIN TURNOVER DURING NARCOSIS 27
RATES OF PROTEIN TURNOVER RELATED TO AGE 27
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 29
REFERENCES 29
CHAPTER 2. THE RATE OF INCORPORATION OF AMINO ACIDS INTO CEREBRAL PROTEINS DURING VARIOUS FUNCTIONAL STATES 31
METHODS 31
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES OF THE RATE OF CEREBRAL PROTEIN TURNOVER 36
REFERENCES 38
CHAPTER 3. PROTEIN TURNOVER AND TISSUE RESPIRATION IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE BRAIN DURING AND AFTER DRUG-INDUCED SLEEP 39
METHODS 40
RESULTS 41
CONCLUSIONS 44
REFERENCES 45
PART II: PHOSPHATES IN NERVOUS TISSUE AND THEIR METABOLISM 46
CHAPTER 4. COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE NUCLEIC ACIDS AND PHOSPHOLIPIDS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 48
RATE OF INCORPORATION OF 32P INTO PHOSPHATE COMPOUNDS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 49
NUCLEOPROTEINS AND OTHER PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS EXTRACTED BY NaCl 51
REFERENCES 55
CHAPTER 5. ASPECTS OF LIPOPROTEIN TURNOVER IN THE BRAIN 57
METHODS 58
CONCLUSIONS 62
REFERENCES 63
CHAPTER 6. METABOLISM OF PHOSPHORYLCHOLINE ESTERS AND ETHANOLAMINE ESTERS IN THE BRAIN 64
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 69
REFERENCES 69
CHAPTER 7. GLYCOLYSIS AND PHOSPHOPROTEIN METABOLISM IN BRAIN SLICES 71
REFERENCES 76
CHAPTER 8. THE METABOLISM OF DIFFERENT PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN THE BRAIN 77
METHODS 77
FRACTIONATION OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS 78
CONCLUSIONS 83
REFERENCES 84
PART III: CARBOHYDRATE TURNOVER IN THE BRAIN 86
CHAPTER 9. UTILIZATION OF GLUCOSE AND PYRUVIC ACID BY THE BRAIN IN VARIOUS FUNCTIONAL STATES 88
BLOOD GLUCOSE AND PYRUVIC ACID DURING STIMULATION AND INHIBITION 89
UPTAKE OF GLUCOSE AND PYRUVIC ACID BY THE BRAIN DURING STIMULATION AND INHIBITION 91
REFERENCES 98
CHAPTER 10. METABOLISM AND CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF GLYCOGEN FRACTIONS IN THE BRAIN 100
THE RATE OF TURNOVER OF GLYCOGEN IN THE BRAIN 102
REFERENCES 107
CHAPTER 11. THE RATE OF TURNOVER OF CARBOHYDRATES AND LIPIDS IN THE BRAIN AND LIVER DURING EXCITATION AND DRUG-INDUCED SLEEP 109
METHOD 109
RESULTS 110
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 116
REFERENCES 117
PART IV: ADRENALINE METABOLISM OF CEREBRAL TISSUE 4 118
CHAPTER 12. ADRENALINE AND NORADRENALINE IN NERVOUS TISSUES AND EFFECTOR ORGANS 120
METHODS 120
THE LEVELS OF A D REN A LI NE-LIKE SUBSTANCES IN THE BRAIN 120
THE EFFECT OF STIMULATION OF MUSCLES ON THE ADRENALINE – H K E SUBSTANCES IN RABBIT BRAIN 122
ENDOCRINE INFLUENCES ON CATECHOLAMINES IN THE BRAIN 122
CHANGES IN THE CONTENT OF CATECHOLAMINES IN THE HEART DURING NERVE STIMULATION 124
DISCUSSION 125
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 126
REFERENCES 127
PART V: AMMONIA IN THE BRAIN DURING VARIOUS STATES 128
CHAPTER 13. SOURCES OF AMMONIA IN BRAIN HOMOGENATES 130
METHOD 130
FORMATION OF AMMONIA 131
GLUTAMINE AND GLUTAMIC ACID 133
PROTEIN 136
SUMMARY 138
REFERENCES 138
CHAPTER 14. FORMATION OF AMMONIA IN BRAIN SLICES 139
METHOD 140
DISCUSSION 142
CONCLUSIONS 145
REFERENCES 146
CHAPTER 15. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIFFERENT STAGES OF CONDITIONING AND THE AMMONIA CONTENT OF THE BRAIN 148
METHOD 149
REFERENCES 159
CHAPTER 16. AMMONIA DURING EXCITATION AND INHIBITION 160
REFERENCES 167
PART VI: BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE BRAIN DURING DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH 168
CHAPTER 17. OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION IN THE BRAIN IN VIVO 170
METHOD 170
RESULTS 173
THE PERMEABILITY OF THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER TO PHOSPHORUS 177
REFERENCES 181
CHAPTER 18. THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON THE METABOLISM OF LABILE PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS IN THE BRAINS OF COLD-BLOODED ANIMALS 182
SUMMARY 188
REFERENCES 189
PART VII: HISTOCHEMISTRY OF THE BRAIN 7 190
CHAPTER 19. LIPOPROTEIN PHOSPHORUS IN THE BRAIN OF RABBITS DURING ONTOGENESIS 192
METHODS 193
RESULTS 196
CONCLUSIONS 197
REFERENCES 198
CHAPTER 20. ENZYME ACTIVITY IN DIFFERENT AREAS OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX OF RABBITS AND DOGS DURING GROWTH 199
REFERENCES 207
CHAPTER 21. THE HISTOCHEMISTRY OF THE NUCLEOPROTEINS OF THE NEURONES IN RELATION TO THEIR FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY 209
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 215
REFERENCES 216
PART VIII: METABOLISM OF THE BRAIN DURING HYPOTHERMIA 218
CHAPTER 22. THE EFFECT OF INTERRUPTION OF THE CIRCULATION OF THE BRAIN DURING HYPOTHERMIA ON CEREBRAL METABOLISM 220
THE EFFECT OF HYPOTHERMIA ON THE ENERGY-RICH PHOSPHATES OF THE BRAIN 220
METHODS 221
RESULTS 221
THE EFFECT OF HYPOTHERMIA ON THE METABOLISM OF LIPIDS AND PROTEINS IN THE BRAIN 225
REFERENCES 230
CHAPTER 23. THE EFFECTS OF COLD, CHLORPROMAZINE AND SODIUM BARBITONE ON THE METABOLISM OF NERVOUS TISSUE 232
REFERENCES 240
CHAPTER 24. THE CARBOHYDRATE-PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM OF THE BRAIN DURING SUSPENDED ANIMATION UNDER HYPOTHERMIA AND AFTER SUBSEQUENT RESTORATION OF BODY FUNCTION 242
METHODS 242
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 243
REFERENCES 249
CHAPTER 25. CHANGES IN THE CONTENT OF ENERGY-RICH PHOSPHATES OF THE BRAIN DURING HYPOTHERMIA 251
METHOD 251
HYPOTHERMIA UNDER NARCOSIS 254
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 255
REFERENCES 256
PART IX: EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON NERVOUS TISSUE 258
CHAPTER 26. THE EFFECT OF X-RAYS ON THE METABOLISM OF NERVOUS TISSUE 260
SUMMARY 263
REFERENCES 263
CHAPTER 27. THE EFFECT OF ß-RADIATION ON THE PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM OF THE BRAIN 265
REFERENCES 269
CHAPTER 28. THE INFLUENCE OF IONIZING RADIATION ON THE METABOLISM OF BRAIN TISSUE 270
METHODS 271
REFERENCES 276
PART X: CHANGES IN CEREBRAL TISSUES DURING ILLNESS 278
CHAPTER 29. THE AMMONIA-GLUTAMINE-GLUTAMIC ACID SYSTEM AND OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION IN THE BRAIN DURING OXYGEN INTOXICATION 280
RESULTS 281
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 289
REFERENCES 289
CHAPTER 30. CHANGES IN THE CEREBROSIDES OF THE BRAIN DURING EXCITATION AND INHIBITION INDUCED BY TOXINS AND DRUGS 291
REFERENCES 296
CHAPTER 31. RESPIRATION AND GLYCOLYSIS DURING INFECTION WITH POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS 298
SUMMARY 303
REFERENCES 304
CHAPTER 32. BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES DURING EXPERIMENTALLY INCREASED INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE 305
RESULTS 306
MEASUREMENTS OF NUCLEIC ACIDS, PHOSPHOLIPIDS AND PHOSPHOPROTEINS 309
CONCLUSIONS 312
REFERENCES 313
PART XI: COMMUNICATION TO XXth INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF PHYSIOLOGY, BRUSSELS, 1956 314
33. THE FUNCTIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE BRAIN 316
THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND METABOLISM OF DIFFERENT FUNCTIONAL PARTS OF THE BRAIN 316
THE METABOLISM OF THE BRAIN DUR ING ONTOGENESIS AND PHYLOGENESIS 319
METABOLISM DURING STIMULATION 320
THE METABOLIS M OF INHIBITION 325
HYPOXIA 328
REFERENCES 329
AUTHOR INDEX 334
SUBJECT INDEX 340