Electron Impact Phenomena (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Electron lmpact Phenomena and the Properties of Gaseous Ions 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 10
Preface to the Revised Edition 6
Preface to the First Edition 8
Chapter I. Introduction 12
Chapter II. Apparatus and Methods 14
A. MASS SPECTROMETRIC APPARATUS 14
B. APPARATUS NOT USING MASS ANALYSIS 20
C. IONIZATION EFFICIENCY CURVES 23
D. .O........ AND APPEARANCE POTENTIALS 37
E. INSTRUMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING ELECTRON ENERGY 52
F. RELIABILITY OF IONIZATION AND APPEARANCE POTENTIAL MEASUREMENTS 61
Chapter III. Theoretical 64
A. IONIZATION CROSS SECTIONS 64
B. EXCITED IONIC STATES AND AUTOIONIZATION 65
C. FRANCK-CONDON PRINCIPLE 68
D. .O........ AND DISSOCIATION OF N2 73
E. IONIZATION AND DISSOCIATION OF SYMMETRICAL POLYATOMIC MOLECULES 77
F. QUASI-EQUILIBRIUM THEORY OF MASS SPECTRA OF LARGE MOLECULES 79
Chapter IV. Energetic Considerations 91
A. HEAT OF FORMATION OF IONS 91
B. ACTIVATION ENERGIES OF MOLECULE-ION DECOMPOSITIONS 99
C. KINETIC ENERGY OF IONS 103
D. IONIZATION POTENTIALS 116
E. BOND STRENGTHS 139
F. BOND STRENGTHS IN IONS 152
G. NEGATIVE IONS 156
H. HEAT OF DISSOCIATION OF N2 AND CO AND THE HEAT OF SUBLIMATION OF CARBON 163
Chapter V. Mass Spectral Considerations 177
A. MASS SPECTRA 177
B. TOTAL IONIZATION 191
C. MULTIPLY-CHARGED IONS 194
D. REARRANGEMENT 196
E. METASTABILE IONS 205
F. TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENTS OF MASS SPECTRA 213
G. MASS SPECTRA OF ISOTOPICALLY SUBSTITUTED MOLECULES 215
H. SECONDARY PROCESSES IN THE MASS SPECTROMETER 228
Chapter VI. Implications for Chemical Reactions 236
A. OLEFIN ADDITION REACTIONS 236
B. REARRANGEMENT 240
C. CATALYTIC CRACKING 241
D. SOLVOLYSIS OF AROMATIC DlAZONIUM SALTS 241
E. AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION 244
F. NON-PLANAR IONS 248
G. CHARGE TRANSFER COMPLEXES 249
Appendix: Ionization Potentials, Appearance Potentials, and Heats of Formation of Gaseous Positive Ions 250
1. Introduction 250
2. Order of Ion Presentation 254
3. TABLE 1. lonization Potentials, Appearance Potentials, and Heats of Formation of Gaseous Positive Ions 263
4. TABLE 2. Heats of Formation of Gaseous Neutral Species Derived from the Data of Table 1 487
5. Bibliography for Tables 1 and 2 494
6. Author Index for Tables 1 and 2 505
7. Appendix 1. Heats of Formation Used in Tables 1 and 2 509
8. Bibliography for Appendix 1 531
Table 45 534
NEGATIVE IONS 536
H IONS 536
ALKALI METAL IONS 536
IONS CONTAINING B 536
IONS CONTAINING C 537
IONS CONTAINING N 537
IONS CONTAINING O 537
IONS CONTAINING HALOGEN ATOMS 539
IONS CONTAINING Si 540
IONS CONTAINING S, Se, AND Te 540
IONS CONTAINING Sb AND Bi 541
Hg IONS 542
References 543
Author Index 557
Subject index 565