Physical Acoustics (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Physical Acoustics: Principles and Methods 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 10
CONTRIBUTORS TO PART A 6
PREFACE 8
CONTENTS OF VOLUME I—PART B 14
Chpater 1. Wave Propagation in Fluids and Normal Solids 18
I. INTRODUCTION 19
II. FUNDAMENTALS OF CONTINUUM MECHANICS 19
III. REPRESENTATION OF OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES 72
IV. SMALL-AMPLITUDE WAVES IN FLUIDS 75
V. SMALL-AMPLITUDE WAVES IN ISOTROPIC LINEAR ELASTIC SOLIDS 89
VI. SMALL-AMPLITUDE WAVES IN A LINEAR VISCOELASTIC MEDIUM 104
VII. SMALL-AMPLITUDE WAVES IN CRYSTALS 106
VIII. SMALL-AMPLITUDE WAVES IN STRAINED ELASTIC CRYSTALS 108
REFERENCES 126
Chapter 2. Guided Wave Propagation in Elongated Cylinders and Plates 128
I. INTRODUCTION 129
II. MODES OF PROPAGATION IN PLATES 129
III. MODES OF PROPAGATION IN SOLID CYLINDERS 147
IV. APPLICATIONS OF THEORIES FOR GUIDED WAVES IN PLATES AND CYLINDERS 158
V. SPECIAL EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH GUIDED ELASTIC WAVES IN PLATES AND CYLINDERS 170
REFERENCES 181
GENERAL REFERENCES 183
Chapter 3. Piezoelectric and Piezomagnetic Materials and Their Function in Transducers 186
I. HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION 187
II. PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF IMPORTANT CRYSTALS 188
III. EQUATIONS OF THE PIEZOELECTRIC MEDIUM 199
IV. POLYCRYSTALLINE FERROELECTRICS 215
V. COMMON MODES OF VIBRATION FOR PIEZOELECTRIC SOLIDS 236
VI. EQUIVALENT CIRCUITS 250
VII. PIEZOMAGNETIC MATERIALS 274
REFERENCES 284
Chapter 4. Ultrasonic Methods for Measuring the Mechanical Properties of Liquids and Solids 288
I. A GENERAL LOOK AT METHODS 289
II. TRANSMISSION LINE EQUATIONS FOR MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS 293
III. TECHNIQUES FOR LOW-VISCOSITY LIQUIDS 295
IV. VISCOELASTIC LIQUIDS 309
V. PLASTICS AND RUBBER-LIKE MATERIALS 314
VI. MEASURING TECHNIQUES FOR HARD SOLIDS 320
VII. MEASUREMENT OF ELASTIC MODULI OF SINGLE CRYSTALS 341
REFERENCES 347
Chapter 5. Use of Piezoelectric Crystals and Mechanical Resonators in Filters and Oscillators 352
I. INTRODUCTION 353
II. PROPAGATION PROPERTIES OF WAVES IN GASES, LIQUIDS, AND SOLIDS 372
III. PIEZOELECTRIC CRYSTAL ELEMENTS 388
IV. FILTER CIRCUITS EMPLOYING CRYSTAL AND CERAMIC RESONATORS 398
V. CRYSTAL CONTROLLED OSCILLATORS 410
VI. ELECTROMECHANICAL SELECTORS AND FILTER SYSTEMS 415
REFERENCES 429
APPENDIX 433
Chapter 6. Guided Wave Ultrasonic Delay Lines 434
I. INTRODUCTION 435
II. TORSIONAL MODE DELAY LINES 445
III. SHEAR MODE STRIP DELAY LINES 455
IV. LONGITUDINAL MODE WIRE DELAY LINES 463
V. LONGITUDINAL MODE DISPERSIVE STRIP DELAY LINES 472
VI. LONGITUDINAL MODE DISPERSIVE STRIP DELAY LINES WITH TAPERED THICKNESS 478
VII. TRANSDUCER CONSIDERATIONS 484
REFERENCES 498
Chapter 7. Multiple Reflection Ultrasonic Delay Lines 502
I. HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION 502
II. TRANSMISSION OF SOUND WAVES IN SOLIDS 503
III. FORMS OF STRAIGHT PATH AND MULTIPLE REFLECTION DELAY LINES 511
IV. FURTHER WORK AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS 515
REFERENCES 516
AUTHOR INDEX 518
SUBJECT INDEX 525