Focusing of Charged Particles (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Focusing of Charged Particles 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 12
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS 6
EDITORS PREFACE 8
PREFACE 10
CONTENTS OF VOLUME II 14
Part 1: 
16 
CHAPTER 1.1. PARTICLES AND FIELDS: FUNDAMENTAL EQUATIONS 18
1.1.1. The Electrostatic Field 19
1.1.2. The Magnetic Field 32
1.1.3. Determination of Trajectory 41
1.1.4. Particle Beams 52
REFERENCES 59
BIBLIOGRAPHY 59
CHAPTER 1.2. NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF LAPLACE'S AND POISSONS EQUATIONS AND THE CALCULATION OF ELECTRON TRAJECTORIES AND ELECTRON BEAMS 60
1.2.1. Introduction 61
1.2.2. The Solution of Laplace's and Poisson's Equations 61
1.2.3. The Calculation of Electron Trajectories 91
1.2.4. The Calculation of Electron Beams Taking into Account ThermalVelocities 98
REFERENCES 113
CHAPTER 1.3. ANALOGICAL METHODS FOR RESOLVING LAPLACE'S AND POISSON'S EQUATIONS 116
Introduction 116
1.3.1. The Electrolytic Plotting Tank 118
1.3.2. The Resistance Network 144
REFERENCES 177
CHAPTER 1.4. 
178 
1.4.1. Introduction 178
1.4.2. Principles of the Most Usual Methods of Measuring Magnetic Fields 180
1.4.3. Measurement of Magnetic Fields 214
1.4.4. Measurement of the Gradient of Magnetic Fields 233
REFERENCES 241
Part 2: 
246 
CHAPTER 2.1. 
248 
2.1.1. Introduction 248
2.1.2. Electron-Gun Requirements and Limitations 249
2.1.3. Cathode Design 251
2.1.4. Gun Geometry and Performance 255
2.1.5. Practical Design Considerations 263
REFERENCES 264
CHAPTER 2.2. 
266 
2.2.1. General Properties of Image Formation 266
2.2.2. Data of Particular Lenses 285
2.2.3. Practical Aspects for the Construction of Electrostatic Lenses 316
REFERENCES 320
CHAPTER 2.3. 
324 
2.3.1. Introduction 324
2.3.2. General Properties of Magnetic Lenses 326
2.3.3. Ironless Magnetic Lenses 334
2.3.4. Magnetic Lenses of the Electromagnet Type 336
2.3.5. Lenses With Permanent Magnets 360
GENERAL REFERENCES 366
REFERENCES 366
CHAPTER 2.4. 
368 
2.4.1. General Properties of Focusing Systems 369
2.4.2. The Quadrupole Lens 374
2.4.3. The Doublet 383
2.4.4. The Triplet 404
2.4.5. The Multiplet 411
2.4.6. Matching Problems 415
BIBLIOGRAPHY 423
CHAPTER 2.5. 
426 
2.5.1. Introduction 426
2.5.2. Fermat's Principle Characteristic Functions
2.5.3. Symmetry 435
2.5.4. The Aberration Coefficients 455
REFERENCES 482
CHAPTER 2.6. 
484 
2.6.1. Introduction 484
2.6.2. General Principles 485
2.6.3. Practical Applications 502
REFERENCES 508
AUTHOR INDEX 510
SUBJECT INDEX 516