High Energy Physics and Nuclear Structure (eBook)

Front Cover 1
High Energy Physics 
4 
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 9
PREFACE 7
OPENING 
16 
ALLOCUTION DE MONSIEUR J. TEILLAC HAUT-COMMISSAIRE A L'ENERGIE 
18 
ALLOCUTION DE MONSIEUR J. YOCCOZ 20
PART I: INTERACTIONS NN ET NN. 
QCD 26
CHAPTER 1. THE NN AND NN INTERACTIONS 28
1. Introduction 28
2. The Nucleon-Nucleon Interaction at low energies (Tlab = 
28 
3. The Nucléon Nucléon Interaction at medium energies (Tlab = 
33 
4. The Problem of Dibaryons 37

41 
References 45
Discussion 47
CHAPTER 2. 2REVIEW OF RECENT EXPERIMENTS ON ANTINUCLEON-NUCLEON, BARYONIUM, 
50 
Abstract 50
1. Antinucleon-Nucleon and Baryonium 50
2 Nucleon-Nucleon and Dibaryon 61
3 Conclusion 72
Acknowledgement 72
Discussion 74
References 72
Discussion 95
CHAPTER 3. THE QUARK MODEL PION AND THE GOLDSTONE PION 76
1. Introduction 76
2. The spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry 78
3. Conclusions 85
4. References 85
Discussion 86
CHAPTER 4. QUARKS AND NUCLEI 88
1. Role of the Pion in Nuclear Physics and in QCD 88
2. Boson exchange 89
3. Baryon magnetic moments 91
4. Conclusions and discussion 95
References 95
CHAPTER 5. MULTIQUARK RESONANT STATES 98
1. Introduction 98
2. The .p-dibaryons 98
3. The pp 
108 
4. 
114 
5. Other possible multiquark states 116
Conclusions 118
References 118
CHAPTER 6. NN AND NN INTERACTIONS 120
1. Introduction 120
2. Dibaryons 120
3. NN 128
4. Meson Exchange and Quark Models of Nuclear Forces 129
5. Concluding Remarks 129
References 130
PART II: INERACTIONS 
132 
CHAPTER 7. ELECTRON SCATTERING FROM COMPLEX NUCLEI 134
1 . Introduction 134
2. Ground State Charge Distributions 135
3. Charge Densities of Deformed Nuclei 138
4. Magnetic Scattering 145
5. Quasi-elastic Scattering 154
6. The Common Ground Between Electromagnetic 
157 
7. Conclusions 163
8. Acknowledgements 164
References 164
Discussion 165
CHAPTER 8. ELETTRCMAGNETIC 
168 
1. Introduction 168
2. Quasielastic (e,e'p) reaction on helium-3 169
3. The magnetic form factor of 
172 
4. Photonuclear and electronuclear reactions on light nuclei in the . 
175 
5. Inclusive eD 
181 
6. Polarized electron scattering on polarized protons 184
Acknowledgements 186
References 187
Discussion 188
CHAPTER 9. ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERACTIONS WITH NUCLEI AT HIGH MOMENTUM TRANSFER 190
1. Introduction 190
2. .33- 
193 
3. Photopion production on nuclei 194
4. Large-momentum components in the nuclear wave fuction 
195 
5. Varia 198
6. Conclusions and outlook 199
References 199
CHAPTER 10. INELASTIC ELECTRON SCATTERING AT LOW ENERGY: MAGNETIC TRANSITIONS 
202 
1. Introduction 202
2. Examples of magnetic transitions 205
3. Summary on M1 and M2 strength distributions and their 
217 
4. Magnetic and electric dipole polarizability 220
Acknowledgement 223
References 224
PART III: INTERACTIONS OF HIGH ENERGY NUCLEONS 
226 
CHAPTER 11. DYNAMICS OF HADRON NUCLEUS INTERACTIONS 228
1. Introduction 228
2. Bright spots 230
3. Spin 237
4. NN amplitudes 240
5. .-isobars 244
6. Summary 248
REFERENCES 249
Discussion 252
CHAPTER 12. INTERMEDIATE ENERGY PROTON AND LIGHT-ION SCATTERING 254
1. Introduction 254
2. The N-N Interaction and Recent Theoretical Developments 254
3. Nuclear Structure and Reactions 257
4. Conclusion 263
References 264
Discussion 265
CHAPTER 13. GAMOW-TELLER RESONANCES 266
1. Beta decay and nuclear models 266
2. The use of the (p,n) reaction 268
3. GT strength functions observed in (p,n) 269
4. Comparisons with model calculations 270
5. Missing strength and . coupling 271
6. Summary 274
7. Acknowledgements 275
References 275
Discussion 276
CHAPTER 14. ELASTIC AND INELASTIC SCATTERING OF p, d, a, 
278 
1. Introduction 278
2. Milestones since Vancouver 279
3. Research topics 283
4. Summary 297
References 298
CHAPTER 15. MESON PRODUCTION REACTIONS BY p, d, a . . . 
302 
1. 
302 
2. NN + ..p 303
3. .(.,p).+1, .< 3
4. A(N,TT)A+1, A> 4
5. TT production/absorption with fewbody 
316 
6. (.,p) and (.,.) comparisons 316
7. Pionic fusion and nuclear collective modes 317
8. Conclusions 318
References 318
CHAPTER 16. NUCLEAR REACTIONS (EXCEPT PRODUCTION) BY 
322 
1. Introduction 322
2. (p,n) reactions. 324
3. Scattering of He ions from very light nuclei 325
4. Quasifree and cluster knock-out reactions 329
5. Transfer reactions 331
6. Inclusive backward scattering 334
7. Fission 336
8. Closing remarks 338
References 339
PART 
342 
CHAPTER 17. PION-NUCLEUS INTERACTIONS 344
1. Introduction 344
2. Low Energy Pions 347
3. The .(1232) 
348 
4, Reactions to Discrete Nuclear States 353
5. Pion Reactions 360
6. Pion Absorption 368
7. Conclusion 377
References 378
CHAPTER 18. HYPERNUCLEI AND INTERACTIONS OF KAONS WITH NUCLEI 384
1. Introduction 384
2. Hyperon-nucleus single particle potentials 384
3. Recent progress in 
388 
4. The physics of 
393 
5. Future directions for hypernuclear research 397
References 399
Discussion 400
CHAPTER 19. PION-NUCLEUS INTERACTIONS : EXPERIMENTS 402
1. Introduction 402
2. Recent Pion-Nucleon and Pion-Deuteron Experiments 402
3. Pion-Nucleus Elastic Scattering (ES) 404
4. Pion-Induced Single-and Double-Charge-Exchange Reactions 410
5. Pion Inelastic Scattering (IS) 412
6. Conclusion 422
Acknowledgements 422
References 422
CHAPTER 20. PION-NUCLEUS SCATTERING THEORY 426
1 . Introduction 426
2. The pion nucl.on interaction 427
3. The pNN 
430 
4. 
434 
5. Conclusion 437
References 437
CHAPTER 21. EXOTIC ATOMS, K-NUCLEUS SCATTERING AND HYPERNUCLEI 440
1. Introduction 440
2. Exotic Atoms 440
3. Kaon Nucleus Interactions 442
4. . and . 
449 
References 454
PART V: CHARGE, MAGNETIC MOMENT AND MATTER 
458 
CHAPTER 22. NUCLEAR DENSITY DISTRIBUTIONS 460
1. Introduction 460
2. Radii and isotope shifts determined by 
460 
3. Radial distributions of nucléons determined by 
463 
4. Magnetic electron scattering 465
5. Momentum distributions 466
References 467
PART VI: RELATIVISTIC HEAVY IONS. 
470 
CHAPTER 23. RELATIVISTIC HEAVY IONS 472
1. Introduction 472
2. Production of very neutron-rich nuclei 472
3. Anomalous projectile fragments 473
4. Entropy generation in central 
475 
5. Interferometry 479
6. Multiplicity selected data 480
7. Global variables 481
References 484
Discussion 485
CHAPTER 24. ALPHA-ALPHA AND ALPHA-PROTON INTERACTIONS IN 
486 
1. Introduction 486
2. Elastic scattering 487
3. Soft inelastic interactions 489
4. Hard inelastic interactions 493
5. Summary 497
Acknowledgements 498
References 498
Discussion 499
CHAPTER 25. RELATIVISTIC HEAVY IONS 500
1. Introduction 500
2. The various theoretical approaches 500
3. Comparison with experiment 503
4. Systematic studies 506
5. Present experimental efforts 509
6. Outlook into the future 511
References 512
CHAPTER 26. EXTREME STATES OF NUCLEAR MATTER 514
1. Introduction 514
2. 
516 
3. The Quark-Gluon Plasma 520
4. Strangeness in Nuclear Collisions 523
5. Conclusions 525
References 526
PART VII: MESIC DEGREES OF FREEDOM IN NUCLEI. 
528 
CHAPTER 27. PIONIC AND .(1232) DEGREES 
530 
1. Introduction 530
2. The pion field in a nuclear environment 531
3. Unnatural Parity states and Pionic Instabilities in finite nuclei 533
4. A closer look at nuclear spin-isospin correlations 535
5. Inelastic electron and proton scattering 
536 
6. The .(1232)-induced quenching of spin-isospin 
538 
7. Summary 542
Acknowledgement 542
References 542
Discussion 543
CHAPTER 28. BARYONIC EXCITATIONS AND MESON EXCHANGE CURRENTS IN NUCLEI 546
1. Introduction 546
2. Electrodisintegration of deuterium 547
3. Elastic electron-deuteron scattering 551
4. Charge and magnetic form factors of 
551 
5. Magnetic form factors of medium weight nuclei 554
6. Exchange currents in photonuclear reactions 555
7. Nuclear photon scattering 558
8. Real isobar (.) excitation 560
9. Conclusions 562
References 562
Discussion 564
CHAPTER 29. MESON DEGREES OF FREEDOM IN NUCLEI 566
1 . Introduction 566
2. Meson exchange currents 568
3. The nuclear spin response and the precursors to pion condensation 573
4. Towards the future : the QCD challenge 576
References 578
CHAPTER 30. BARYONIC EXCITATIONS IN NUCLEI 582
1. Introduction 582
2. Magnetic moment of the . 583
3. .-Nucleus interactions 588
4. The . in Nuclear Structure : Strength of the Giant Gamow-Teller Resonance 593
5. Role of the Higher Resonances 594
References 597

600 
CHAPTER 31. WEAK INTERACTIONS AND SYMMETRIES 602
1. Introduction 602
2. Parity violation in nuclei 602
3. Lepton number non conservation 606
4. Nucleon 
609 
5. Neutron-antineutron oscillations 613
6. Conclusions 613
References 615
Discussion 617
CHAPTER 32. WEAK INTERACTIONS, SYMMETRIES 618
1. Introduction 618
2. Standard ideas 619
3. Space-time symmetries 621
4. Flavour numbers 622
5. Weak processes 624
6. Conclusions 626
Acknowledgements 626
References 627
PART IX: FRONTIER PROBLEMS 630
CHAPTER 33. NEGATIVE MUONS IN MATTER : ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR ASPECTS 632
1. Introduction 632
2. Energy levels of "mesomolecules 633
3. Energy production from muon catalysed fusion ? 636
4. Muon sticking and reactivation 637
5. Transfer reactions 639
6. Summary and outlook 641
References 641
Discussion 642
CHAPTER 34. MASSIVE NEUTRINOS ? 644
1. Introduction 644
2. Dirac and Majorana masses 644
3. Neutrino masses in grand unified theories 646
4. Cosmological limits and hints on neutrino masses 647
5. Properties and (un?)detectability of the fossil neutrino sea 649
6. Down to earth measurements of v masses 650
7. The middlepoint of ß 
650 
8. The endpoint ß 
650 
9. Radiative orbital electron 
652 
10. Conclusions 654
References 654
Discussion 657
CHAPTER 35. SUPERSYMMETRY IN NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS 660
1. Symmetries in physics 660
2. Lie algebras and Lie groups 662
3. Supersymmetries in physics 663
4. Graded Lie algebras and graded Lie groups 665
5. Examples of dynamic supersymmetries 665
6. Conclusions 667
References 670
Discussion 670
PART X: CONCLUSIONS 672
Fundamental interactions and nuclear structure: 
674 
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 690
SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMME 709
AUTHOR INDEX 714