Symposia at the Fifth Meeting of CSAGI (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Symposia at the Fifth Meeting of Csagi 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
CHAPTER I. SYMPOSIA AT THE FIFTH MEETING OF CSAGI 10
CHAPTER II. METEOEOLOGY 12
A. Symposium on Noctilucent Clouds 12
1. Noctilucent Clouds 13
2. Some Remarks on the Nature and Origin of Noctilucent Cloud Particles 15
3. Nature and Origin of Noctilucent Clouds 22
4. On the Nature of Luminous Night Clouds 24
5. The Frequency of Appearance of Luminous Night Clouds as Observed at the IGY Stations in the U.S.S.R. 27
6. Wave Motion and Meteorological Conditions for the Appearance of Noctilucent Clouds 29
B. Symposium on Numerical Forecasting 31
1. Numerical Weather Forecasting in the British Meteorological Office 32
2. Some Recent U.S. Work on Numerical Methods of Weather Prediction 34
3. Etat des Projets de Prévision Numérique en France 35
4. A Note on General Classification of Motions in a Baroclinic Atmosphere 36
5. The Two-dimensional Smoothing Problem 36
6. General Solution of the Wave Equation 37
7. Short-Range Weather Forecasting in Non-Adiabatic Cases 39
8. A Numerical Experiment with the Use of Primitive Equations 40
9. On the Proper Formulation of a Model for Forecasting Global Scales of Motion in the Atmosphere 41
10. On the Numerical Solution of the Equations of the Dynamics of the Atmosphere 41
11. On the Development of Numerical Short-Term Forecasting on a Physical Basis 42
C. Symposium of Meteorology in the Antarctic 44
1. Some Problems Associated with the Synoptic Meteorology of the Southern Ocean and Antarctica 45
2. Seasonal and Secular Temperature Changes in Antarctica 46
3. The Special Features of the Atmospheric Circulation over the Antarctic and their Relationship with the Processes over the Southern Hemisphere 47
CHAPTER III. GEOMAGNETISM AND IONOSPHERE 50
Symposium on Geomagnetic and Ionospheric Disturbances 50
1. The Earth's Outermost Atmosphere 51
2. On the Problems Connected with Comparing Magnetic Disturbances of the Arctic and the Antarctic 52
3. On the Distribution of Periods of Activity of Magnetic Disturbances over the 24 hours of the Day 55
4. Geomagnetic Activity in the International Geophysical Year, discussed against the Background of Previous Years 57
5. Preliminary Results of an Investigation of Magnetic Storms for the First Half of the IGY 67
6. The Field of Magnetic Disturbances in the Arctic and Antarctic 69
7. On Some Special Gases of Magnetic Storms Recorded at the Polish–Vietnamese station at Cha-Pa 70
8. The Microstructure of the Magnetic Storms in Respect of Pulsations for the First Eight Months of the IGY 71
9. A Relation between the Frequency of the Sporadic E-Layer and the Geomagnetic Activity 77
10. Magnetic and Ionospheric Disturbances in Low Latitudes 77
11. On Ionospheric Disturbances in Middle Latitudes 91
12. Relation of Ionospheric and Magnetic Disturbances in High Latitudes from Data Obtained in Murmansk 104
13. On some Types of Pulsations of the Geomagnetic Field and Earth's Currents Occurring Simultaneously on the U.S.S.R. Territory 105
14. Excitation of Short-Periodic Oscillations of the Earth's Magnetic Field During the Sudden Commencement of Magnetic Storms 107
15. On Some Peculiarities of the Variable Geomagnetic Field in the Region of the South Pole Observatory Mirny 113
16. Scintillations of Radio Stars and Magnetic Activity in Ghana 115
17. On the Behaviour of the Ionosphere During Sudden Ionospheric Disturbances 118
18. Calendar of Geomagnetic Activity in the U.S.S.R. 118
19. Auroral Particles and Geomagnetic Pulsations 120
20. Disturbances in the Ionospheric F2-Region during Geomagnetic Storms 121
21. Geomagnetic Pulsations in the Initial Stage of the Severe Magnetic Storm on 11 February 1958 121
22. Auroral Echoes in the Ionograms Obtained in the Minauroral Region 
124 
CHAPTER IV. AURORA AND AIRGLOW 125
1. The Aurora and The Local Magnetic Field 125
2. The Airglow of Venus 131
3. On Hydrogen Emission in the Night Glow 131
4. Energy Sources of the Upper Atmosphere 131
5. Hydrogen Emission and Two Types of Auroral Spectra 132
6. Preliminary Report on Airglow Observations at 5577 A made at Mt. Abu in 1957–1958 132
7. Aurora and Airglow Observations in Japan on 11 February 1958 136
8. On Radio Reflections from the E- and D-levels during Auroral Activity 136
9. Synchronous Auroral Registration by All-Sky Camera C-180° and Patrol Spectrograph C-180°-S 142
10. The First Results of Investigations of Aurorae with the C-180-S Spectrograph during the IGY 153
11. Association of Auroras in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres 154
12. Recherches sur la Raie 6 300 de la Luminescence atmosphérique nocturne 155
13. On the Problem of Geographical Distribution of Polar Aurora in the Arctic 156
1. Note sur la Raie crépusculaire 6708 Å du Lithium en Terre Adélie 156
2. Aurores polaires et Phénomènes crépusculaires observés en Radiation 3914 Å dans 1'Antarctique 157
3. Emissions de la Haute atmosphere pendant le Crépuscule 158
4. Résultats préliminaires de l'Etude photométrique de la Lumière du Ciel nocturne par les Stations francaises et belges pendant l'A.G.I. 158
5. Observation de la Raie 5199 A de [NI] dans le Spectre du Ciel nocturne 162
6. Résultats préliminaires sur le Rapport des Intensités des Raies D2 et D1 émises dans la Haute atmosphère au Crépuscule et pendant la Nuit 163
7. A Preliminary Note on the Study of Night Airglow at Poona during the IGY 167
8. Latitude Dependency of Airglow Emissions 5577 and 6300 A 170
9. The General Circulation of the Upper Atmosphere and the Seasonal Variation of Airglow 171
10. A Monochromatic Low Latitude Aurora 171
11. Photometric Observations of 5577 A and 6300 A Airglow during the IGY 171
References 176
CHAPTER V. IONOSPHERE 177
1. Preliminary Results of Investigations of the Irregular Structure of the Ionosphere and of Movements made at the Stations of the Soviet Union during the period of the IGY (June 1957-July 1958) 177
2. Formations des .étérogénéités Ionosphériques 190
3. The Distribution of True Radiants of Meteor Bodies Down to a Definite Limit of Mass 196
4. Radar Observation of Meteors in the USSR under the IGY Programme 202
5. On Long-Period Troposphere–Ionosphere Regional Connections and their Synoptical Revelation 215
6. Early Results from the Equatorial Close-Spaced Chain of Ionospheric Vertical Sounding Stations 222
7. Preliminary Results from the U.S.–IGY Antarctic Network of Ionospheric Vertical Sounding Stations 229
8. Isoionic Maps over the Continental United States 235
9. The Formation of an Intermediate Layer between E and F during Night-Time at Tsumeb 245
10. Electron Density–Height Profiles from Routine Ionograms 248
11. Ionospheric Drifts at Low Frequencies 254
12. Note on Some Preliminary Results of Ionospheric Drift Measurements on 245 kc/s at the Kuhlingsborn Observatory 261
13. Note on Significant SID-Recordings at Low Frequencies (150 to 300 kc/s) over Great Distances 261
14. The Morphology of Spread-F 262
15. Horizontal Drift Measurements Near the Equator 266
16. Quelques problèmes de l'hétérogenéité statistique de I'ionosphere 272
17. Artificial Meteors into Interplanetary Space? 274
References 276
CHAPTER VI —SOLAR ACTIVITY 277
1. Changes in the Sun's Magnetic Field 277
2. An Instrument for Studying Distribution of Fields in Sunspot Groups 277
3. A Summary of IGY Flare Patrol Stations Operating in the United States 277
4. Opacity of Small Flares 278
5. Observations of the Solar Electron Corona, September 1956-January 1958 278
6. An Electron Puff Detected by the K-Coronameter 279
7. The Investigations of Solar Magnetic Fields Carried out at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory 279
8. The Flare Patrol in the USSR with Chromospheric-Photospheric Telescopes 280
9. The Photometric Light Curves of Flares Observed in 1957 280
10. Measurements of Magnetic Fields of Sunspots at the Pulkovo Observatory 281
11. Discussion of the Methods and Technique of Non-Eclipse Coronal Observations 281
12. Observations in the USSR on the Radio-Emission of the Sun During the IGY 283
13. An Improved Method for measuring Sunspot Magnetic Fields with a Savart Plate 284
14. Methods Experienced in the Visual and Photographic Flare Patrol 285
15. Solar Activity as judged from Surges 285
16. Coronagraphic Observations of Prominences in the Balmer Continuum 285
17. The Lyot Ha Heliograph at the Cape and its use for Flare Photometry 285
18. Rocket Experiments to Detect X-Rays and Lyman-a from Sola 286
19. Japanese Contribution to the IGY in Solar Activity 286
20. Solar Radio Observations During the Past IGY Period 287
21. Characteristics of Solar Radio Outbursts which Excite Geomagnetic Storms 287
22. Spectra of Solar Radio Outbursts in Relation to Geophysical Disturbances 287
23. Radio Observation of the Partial Solar Eclipse on 19 April 1958 287
CHAPTER VII — COSMIC RAYS 288
5. Theoretical and Experimental Investigations of Cosmic Ray Variationsusing IGY Underground, Sea Level and Stratospheric Data 289
Acknowledgements 298
References 299
CHAPTER VIII — LONGITUDES AND LATITUDES 300
CHAPTER IX — GLACIOLOGY 301
1. Deep Drilling Project in Antarctica 301
2. Arctic Ocean 302
3. Geothermal Heat and Glacial Growth 302
4. Soviet Glaciological Explorations in the Antarctic Regions 302
5. Problems of the Greenland Ice-Sheet 309
CHAPTER X — OCEANOGRAPHY 311
1. Certain Aspects of Ocean Depths Studies 312
2. The Measurement of Deep Currents 317
3. Outstanding Problems in the Antarctic Ocean 318
4. IGY Cruise of the Hidalgo 319
5. The U.S. Navy IGY Antarctic Program in Oceanography 319
6. The Distribution of Man-Made Radioactivity in the North Pacific (Through the Summer 1955) 319
7. Voyage to the South Atlantic and the Indian Ocean 320
8. Methods of Investigation of Oceans in the USSR 320
9. Oceanographic Research in the Central Arctic 325
10. Direct Method of Determining Turbulent Exchange Intensity in the Sea 327
11. Some Results and Methods of Investigation of Sea Wind Waves 333
CHAPTER XI. —ROCKETS AND SATELLITES 374
CHAPTER XII — SEISMOLOGY 375
1. Distribution of Seismic Stations 376
2. On Near-By Earthquakes Recorded at Sodankylä 378
3. The Land Uplift in Fennoscandia 380
3. The Land Uplift in Fennoscandia 380
4. The IGY Seismic Research of the USSR 384
5. Seismicity of the Arctic Region 384
7. Australian Seismic Work in the Antarctic 403
8. Dotermination de l'epaisseur de glace en Terre Adolie 404
9. On Some Preliminary Results of Seismo-Glaciological Investigations on the Antarctic Continent 408
10. Thickness of the Earth's Crust in Australia 414
11. Investigation of the Crustal Structure in the Zone of Transition from the Asiatic Continent to the Pacific Ocean 415
12. The Dislocation Processes in the Pacific Ocean 420
13. The IGY Seismological Programme in Czechoslovakia 423
14. Interet des observations macroseismiques 426
15. The Conditions of the Origin and Propagation of North Atlantic Microseisms 427
16. The Influence of the Scandinavian Relief on the Propagation of Microseisms 448
17. Communication on Microseism Investigations 453
CHAPTER XIII. GRAVIMETRY 454
CHAPTER XIV — NUCLEAR RADIATION 455
1. Some Uses of Artificial and Natural Radioactive Material in Meteorology 455
2. Sr-90 Fallout in Japan 455
3. On the Use of Tritium as a Tracer for Water in Naturef 455
4. Time Variation of Radioactivity Observed in Japan 456
5. Presumptive Movement of Radioactive Dust from Air Trajectory Japan Meteorological Agency 457
6. A Study of Large-Scale Atmospheric Diffusion from the Windscale Accident, October 1957 458