Some Aspects of Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Some Aspects of Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Foreword 8
Contributors 9
Acknowledgements 10
Introduction 12
Part 1: Optical Properties of Solids in The Vacuum Ultraviolet 20
General Principles 22
References 26
CHAPTER 1. Phenomenological description of optical properties of solids and methods of determination of optical constants in the vacuum ultraviolet 28
Phenomenological Description of The Optical Properties of Solids 29
1. Notation 29
2. Introduction ol the optical constants 29
3. Dispersion relations and sum rules 31
4. Generalized Fresnel equations for reflectances 34
Methods of Determination of Optical Constants in The Vacuum Ultraviolet 37
1. Reflectance measurements with unpolarized light 37
2. Production ol partially or totally polarized light in the vacuum ultraviolet 39
3. Reflectance measurements with polarized light 47
4. Other methods 52
5. Cause of errors in reflectance measurements and design of reflectometers for the vacuum ultraviolet 54
References 54
Additional bibliography 57
CHAPTER 2. Optical properties of metals 58
1. Metals obeying the free-electron theory 59
2. Divalent metals 64
3. Bare earths 65
4. Transition metals 66
5. Noble metals 67
6. Other metals 71
7. Alloys and metallic compounds 72
References 74
Additional bibliography 79
CHAPTER 3. Optical properties of ionic insulators 88
1. Vacuum ultraviolet absorption processes for ionic insulators: electronic resonances 89
2. The alkali halides 90
3. Solid solutions of alkali halides 102
4. Alkaline earth halides 103
5. Oxides and other compounds 105
6. Conclusion 106
References 106
Additional bibliography 111
Part II: Molecular Spectroscopy 116
CHAPTER 4. Spectra of diatomic and inorganic polyatomic molecules 118
Introduction 118
1. Diatomic molecules 120
2. Inorganic polyatomic molecules 135
References 140
Additional bibliography 148
CHAPTFR 5. Electronic spectra of paraffins 152
Introduction 153
1. Normal alkanes 155
2. Branched alkanes 165
3. Highly branched alkanes 167
4. Cyclic alkanes 169
5. Liquid alkanes 173
6. Perfluoro-alkanes 173
7. Perfluoro-cyclic alkanes 175
8. Conclusion 177
References 178
Additional bibliography 180
CHAPTER 6. Spectra of condensed gases 182
1. Introduction 182
2. Experimental methods 183
3. Pure and trapped atoms (Xe, Kr, Ar, Ne, Hg, P, H) 187
4. Pure and trapped molecules 191
5. Conclusions 200
References 202
Additional bibliography 204
CHAPTER 7. Photoelectron spectroscopy: Principles and instrumentation 206
Introduction 206
1. Principles of photoelectron spectroscopy 207
2. Experimental methods 223
3. Applications of photoelectron spectroscopy 241
Acknowledgement 242
References 242
Additional bibliography 244
Part III: Vacuum Ultraviolet Emission From Hot Plasmas 252
CHAPTER 8. Vacuum ultraviolet emission from hot plasmas 254
Introduction 255
Thermodynamic equilibrium in plasmas 256
Non-local thermodynamic equilibrium plasmas 258
Range of validity of the models 269
References 293
Part IV: Principles of Vacuum Ultraviolet Instrumental Optics 298
CHAPTER 9. Principles of vacuum ultraviolet instrumental optics 300
1. Introduction 300
2. Optical properties ol the concave grating: first-order theory 301
3, Geometrical theory of concave grating imaging 307
4. Diffraction theory of concave grating imaging 314
5. Comparison of different spectrometers 318
6. New corrected mountings 322
7. Vacuum ultraviolet reflective scattering distributions 329
References 333
Note added in proofs 334
Additional bibliography 335
Index 336